Malaysia Experience on Floods With Climate Change

Impacts

National Disaster Management Agency (NADMA), Malaysiament A& &

Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), Malaysia

Chukai Town, Kemaman Flood, 2013

1. Introduction2. Resilience to Climate Change: Malaysia

Initiatives3. Conclusion

Presentation Outline

1. Introduction

Kuala Lumpur (2014)

Natural Disasters in Malaysia

Disaster Types

Flood Land-slide

Tropical Storm

Earth-quake Tsunami Forest

Fire Haze Drought

Kajang Town (2014)

Selangor (2013)Peat Forest Fire

Source: Malaysia: Disaster Management Reference Handbook, 2016

DroughtsChuping, Perlis (2016)

Kuala Lumpur (2008)

Kuala Lumpur (2014)

Source: Malaysia: Disaster Maner Man

DHazeKuala Muda, Kedah (2004)Tsunami

Kajang Town (2014) Pendang (2014)

Floods Tropical Storm Earthquake

Ranau, Sabah (2015)Kuala Lumpur (2008)

Landslide

Source: Updating of Condition of Flooding, 2012

Flood Prone Area – Hotspots for Vulnerability

Segamat Town - Dec 2006 / Jan 2007 East Coast Floods, Dec 2013g

Chukai Town, Dec 2013 Kelantan, 2014

,

Kelantan, 2014

Excess Water Floods

Year Flood Event Death Victims Evacuated

1993 Sabah 27 22,000

1995 Shah Alam / Klang Valley, Klang, Selangor, 8 23,870

1996 Keningau, Sabah (Tropical Cyclone Greg) 238 39,687

1998 Pos Dipang, Perak; Kuala Lumpur 49 > 100

1999 Penampang, & Sandakan, Sabah 9 4,481

2000 Kg. La, Terengganu 6 -

2001 Kelantan, Pahang, Terengganu; Gunung Pulai, Johor; Besut, Marang, Terengganu 14 > 11,000

2006/07 Johor & Kelantan 18 110,000

2008 Johor 28 34,000

2010 Kedah & Perlis 4 50,000

2013 Kemaman, Terengganu, Kuantan Pahang, Johor, Kelantan 3 >34,000

2014 Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang 25 500,000

2015 Kota Belud, Sabah - > 1,800

2017 Pulau Pinang 7 > 2,000

Last 20 Years Water Related Disaster in Malaysia

Sources: Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia, Malaysian National Security Council and Chan (2012)Mallaysaysianan National Security Council and Chan (2012)

El Nino & La Nina Pattern

Source:

Increasing Trend

02468

10121416

No.

of O

ccur

renc

es

Decade

No. of Wet Spells (Rainfall > 100mm/day) for 3 Consecutive Days

Rainfall Event Trend More Extreme Wet Spells

Source: Disaster and Climate Change Projection for Malaysia, 2016

40 Years 1978-2017

Mean Annual Rainfall - Trend

0 Years 4019781 -2017

Chuping

Larut MatangHulu Terengganu

Kuala Pilah

Baram

PadasTawau

Source: Kajian Penyediaan Perubahan dan Taburan Hujan Di Malaysia (JPS-NAHRIM, 2018)

10 Years

1988 – 1997 1998 - 2007 2008 - 20171978 - 1987

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Rainfall

Source: Kajian Penyediaan Perubahan dan Taburan Hujan Di Malaysia (JPS-NAHRIM, 2018)

10 Years

1988 – 1997 1998 - 2007

2008 - 20171978 - 1987

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Rainfall

Source: Kajian Penyediaan Perubahan dan Taburan Hujan Di Malaysia (JPS-NAHRIM, 2018)

Source: NAHRIM, 2006

Regions / Sub-regions / States

Projected change* in maximum monthly

valueTemperature

(°C)Rainfall

(%)

North East RegionTerengganu, Kelantan, Northeast-coast +1.88 +32.8

North West RegionPerlis (west coast), Perak, Kedah +1.80 +6.2

Central RegionKL, Selangor, Pahang +1.38 +8.0

Southern RegionJohor, Southern Peninsula +1.74 +2.9

Possible Future Climate ProjectionAverage Annual Rainfall & Mean Temperature (1984-93 vs 2025-34 & 2041-50)

*Change In Maximum Monthly Value

Average Annual Rainfall & Mean Temperature (1984-93 vs 2025-34 & 2041-50)

Climate Parameter

Peninsular Malaysia Sabah Sarawak

Annual MeanSurface

Temperature

1.0-1.5°C [2050]

1.3-1.7°C[2050]

2.9 - 3.5°C [2100]

1.0-1.5°C[2050]

3.0 - 3.3°C [2100]

Maximum Monthly Rainfall

+113mm (12%)[2050]

+59mm (5.1%)[2050]

+111mm (9%)[2100]

+150mm (8%)[2050]

+282mm (32%)[2100]

Possible Future Climate Projection

Source: NAHRIM, 2006

2. Resilience to Climate Change: Malaysia Initiatives

Enhance the resilience of water-related infrastructures

Improve the resilience of communities in context of climate change adaptationg p

Resilience to Climate Change: Malaysia Initiatives

Integration of climate change adaptation on

policy & guidelines;

Improvement of hydrometric

network coverage

Improvement of technologies in

engineering practices

Improvement of warning system

future flood & drought

Integration of Climate Change Adaptation on Policy & Guidelines

Integgration

Technology Guidance – GEF UNEP

Source: http://www.tech-action.org/Publications/TNA-Guidebooks

Climate Change Study

Improvement of Hydrometric Network Coverage

*RF Station Coverage Ratio;Malaysia - 1 in 220km2; Bangladesh - 1 in 68 km2; Japan - 1 in 42km2

Source: DID, Malaysia (2018)

Hydrological Procedure No. 1 & No. 26

http://h2o.water.gov.my

Permanent structures (culverts, control gate, bridge, etc.)to apply CCF in the estimation of design rainstorm ;

Non-permanent structures (flood levees, bunds, etc.)to check freeboard adequacy based on CCF.

DID Circular on CCF Design of Water Related Structures

Bertam Valley, Cameron Highland

Climate Change Factor (CCF)

Source: JPS, 2015

0.5 1 3 6 12 24 48 722 99.20 68.83 33.24 19.83 11.57 6.67 3.82 2.755 123.48 85.68 41.38 24.69 14.40 8.30 4.76 3.4310 145.73 101.12 48.83 29.14 17.00 9.80 5.61 4.0520 171.99 119.34 57.63 34.39 20.06 11.56 6.62 4.7750 214.10 148.56 71.74 42.81 24.97 14.39 8.25 5.94

100 252.67 175.32 84.67 50.52 29.47 16.99 9.73 7.01

Design Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr)ARI

(years)Storm Duration t (hours)

Climate Change Factor

73.0

239.0

381.0826.75

dTI

I50I50 =

Source: DID Malaysia, 2015

Flood Hazard Map (50 yrs ARI): Existing Condition

Source: DID Malaysia, 2018

Flood Hazard Map (50 yrs ARI): Flood Mitigation Condition

Source: DID Malaysia, 2018

Flood Hazard Map (50 yrs ARI + CCF): Flood Mitigation Condition

Source: DID Malaysia, 2018

Improvement of Technology

Improvement of Technology

3. Conclusion

The benefits of the integration of flood risk management into wider development management, urban planning and climate change adaptation are clear;

The most successful long-term flood risk management strategies will balance the implementation of short-run, quick gain, non- structural measures with a vision of the best suite of structural and non- structural measures to be implemented for the longer term;

Understanding the required resources, the best and worst case scenarios and the tipping points at which action becomes imperative, rather than justified, can lead to better decisions.

The benefits of the integration of flood risk management

Conclusion

For the material used in this presentation..Dato’ Ir. Hj. Nor Hisham Bin Mohd. Ghazali (DID) Dato’ Ir. Sabri bin Abdul Mulok (DID)Mohamad Hafiz Bin Hassan (DID)Thayalam a/l Sekaran (DID)Wan Hazdy Azad bin Wan Abdul Majid (DID)

Acknowledgement

Thank YouNational Disaster Management Agency

(NADMA), Malaysia&

Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), Malaysia