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FlightSafety International
Continuum of LearningMaking Better Aviators by Teaching the Brain, not the Pilot
Jennifer Birdsong
Director, Advanced Learning Technology and Development
Steve Smith
Product Director, Simulation Innovation Lab
ECCN: EAR99 These commodities, technology or software were exported from the United States in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
The Colgan Air Crash | Life or Death Decisions
Reference: National Transportation Safety Board, “Loss of Control on Approach, Colgan Air, Inc. Operating as Continental Connection Flight 3407. Bobardier DHC-8-
400, N200WQ. Clarence Center, New York. February 12, 2009.” Accident Report, NTSB/AAR-10/01. PB2010-910401. Adopted Feb 2, 2010.
“…[pilot’s] improper flight control inputs were
inconsistent with his training…”
“The flight crew was properly certificated and qualified in
accordance with applicable Federal regulations.”
https://www.aviationcv.com/aviation-blog/2019/flight-completely-changed-aviation-safety
Human Brain in Action | A Tale of Our Two Brains
System I
Reactionary
Learns by doing & pattern matching
Fast Reaction
System II
Thoughtful
Learns through instruction & problem solving
Slow Reaction
Subconscious Brain Conscious Brain
Creating Habit Patterns
Roller Skating
Matching colors
Recognizing words
Following Directions
Completing Tax Returns
Writing Poetry
Reading comprehension
Focused ExpertLearning
“Muscle Memory”
Indeterminate
Reaction
Strong
Weak
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
None ExpertExperience
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerkes%E2%80%93Dodson_law
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Human Brain in Action | Framework for Performance & Experience
Focused ExpertLearning
“Muscle Memory”
Indeterminate
Reaction
Strong
Weak
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
None ExpertExperience
https://www.aviationcv.com/aviation-blog/2019/flight-completely-changed-aviation-safety
Human Brain in Action | Applying the Framework to the Colgan Air Crash
Education vs. Training | Is there a Difference?
Education
• Systems based review / ground school
• Chapters to read, videos to watch, online learning
Training
• Arbitrary scenario-based simulator sessions
• Flying the aircraft to meet requirements (box checking)
• Debriefing – “You did great”
Education & Training | The Journey to Mature Awareness
Information Knowledge Experience Strategy Intuition
©Alain Lacroix
Learning From the Past | Adding Tools to the Toolkit
Recurrent Training
Scenario Based Training
Crew Resource Management (CRM)
Interactive Training
Facilitated Discussions
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
Checklists
Avionics Familiarization
Learning On Demand
Real World Experiences
Upset Prevention Recovery Training (UPRT)
Recurrent Training
Scenario Based Training
Crew Resource Management (CRM)
Interactive Training
Facilitated Discussions
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
Checklists
Avionics Familiarization
Learning On Demand
Real World Experiences
Learning From the Past | Adding Tools to the Toolkit
Upset Prevention Recovery Training (UPRT)
Flight
MobileLevel D
Flight Simulator
Visual Systems
Lower-Level
Devices
Classroom
Flex Learning
Virtual / Mixed Reality
Continuum
of
Learning
Recurrent Training
Scenario Based Training
Crew Resource Management (CRM)
Interactive Training
Facilitated Discussions
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
Avionics Familiarization
Learning On Demand
Real World Experiences
Sim Oper. Quality Assurance Data (SOQA)
Visual TrainingData Collection
Checklists
Scenario Based Training
Real World Experiences
CPDLC Refresher
Pre-learning
Pre-learningReferences
Real-time Access to Instructors
Learning the Way You Fly | Education & Training
Upset Prevention Recovery Training (UPRT)
Flight
MobileLevel D
Flight Simulator
Visual Systems
Lower-Level
Devices
Classroom
Flex Learning
Virtual / Mixed Reality
Continuum
of
Learning
Train the Way You Fly | Refocusing the Brain
Co
nscio
us B
ra
in
Subconscious Brain
www.flightsafety.com
FlightSafety International
Thank you!
Jennifer Birdsong
Steve Smith