E D I TO RLeah S. Brady

P H OTO G RA P H YSarah Arkin, Ellen Callaway,Liz Hincks, Zara Tzanev

OFFICE OF DEV E LOPMENT

AND ALUMNI RELAT I O N SKathleen BobickStaff Assistant

Leah S. BradyCoordinator of AlumniRelations

Ann CareyReunion Coordinator

Tara LewisAssociate Director

Julia Motl LoweDirector of The Fletcher Fund

Roger A. Milici Jr.Director

Michael PreinerCoordinator of The FletcherFund

Cynthia WeymouthAdministrative Assistant

Correction: We regret the

omission of Herbert Levin's

1933 Founders’ Club Associate

level gift from the Class of

1956 giving list in the fall 2005

edition of the Fletcher News.

VO L U ME 2 8 N U MB ER 1

S P RI NG 2 0 0 6

F E AT U R E S

GMAP Turns Five – 4

The Danish Cartoon Controversy – 5Op-ed by Adil Najam

Lorenzo Vidinio: A Rising Star – 6By Te r r y A n n K n o p f

The Last Days of Ferdinand Marcos – 8Rosie Goldsmith of the BBC Interviews Former

U.S. Ambassador Stephen Bosworth

D E PA RT M E N T S

Quotes of Note – 11

From the Fletcher Files – 11

VIP Visitors – 12

Club News – 13

Club Contacts – 14

Recent Publications – 15

Class Notes – 17

In Memoriam – 38

M I S C E L L A N Y

Dean Bosworth’s Visit to the Arabian Gulf – 37

Lorenzo Vidino is a first-year

MALD student at The Fletcher

School. His book Al Qaeda in

Europe, The New Battleground

of International Jihad.....

Page 6

The five year celebration

of GMAP, titled “First Five,”

was held in Washington, DC

October 14-15, 2005.

More than ninety of the

250 graduates of the

program attended.

Page 4

Dean Bosworth traveled to

the Arabian Gulf to visit

with Fletcher alumni

and friends

Page 37

FLETCHER NEWS

Spring 2006 FLETCHER NEWS 3

DEAN‘S CORNER

Stephen W. Bosworth

Spring has arrived in Medford a bit early; but for those of you

who recall what it is like to live here, you will not be fooled into

thinking that spring will stay! April really is the cruelest month.I have just returned from a fascinating

three-week visit to the Arabian Gulf, wherewe met with many of our alumni and visitedold and new Fletcher friends. My wife, Chris,Roger Milici of the Office of Developmentand Alumni Relations, Prof. Richard Shultz,Prof. Andy Hess, Mrs. Bernadette Kelley-Leccese, Mr. Mian Zaheen (F’73), andMrs. Maha Kaddoura were all part of thedelegation for some or all of the visit. It wasevident to me after only a few days in theGulf that Prof. Hess and Bernie have donean outstanding job creating and sustainingrelationships and bridges with this importantregion of the world on behalf of Fletcher.The Hess/Bernie Fan Club is alive and well!

The coincidence of being in the Gulf, andspecifically in Dubai, just when the UnitedStates’ political process went into a frenzy offear and irrationality over the Dubai PortsWorld issue added an unexpected dimensionto our visit. This was not one of America’sfiner moments. Yet the experience dramati-cally underscored just how relevant andimportant Fletcher’s mission of preparingleaders with a global perspective really is intoday’s globalizing economy and our interde-pendent yet divided international community.

Fletcher by its very nature builds bridges. Weare constantly searching for new ideas abouthow to bridge political and cultural differ-ences, how to diffuse knowledge and how topromote greater international understanding.The times in which we live demand capableprofessionals in all fields who can navigatethe complex global environment with skill,sensitivity, and a strong moral compass.I should note with pride that the COO of DPWorld, Edward Bilkey (F’61), earned his MAand MALD from Fletcher.

I would also like to mention that Fletcher’sOffice of Development and Alumni Relationshas begun a new all-alumni e-mail advisorythat will provide regular updates about theSchool and our impressive world-wide alumninetwork. To be sure the Alumni Office hasyour current coordinates, please visit –http://fletcher.tufts.edu/alumni/update.shtmlor call +1.617.627.5440.

Your ongoing support of Fletcher and ourmission is greatly needed and appreciated.Thank you.

Global Master of Arts ProgramFive Year Celebration

The Global Master of Arts Program(GMAP) was launched in 2000 to mergeinnovative technology with the tradi-tional mission of the school. It bringsthe unique Fletcher experience to inter-national professionals who choose toremain at work as they pursue theirmaster’s degree. This yearlong graduateprogram combines three two-week resi-dency sessions with Internet-mediatedstudy and discussion to enable mid-career professionals to find better, moreinnovative solutions to global problems.

The first GMAP class began its open-ing residency in July 2000, followed in2004 by the launch of GMAP II, focus-ing on international security issues.GMAP I midyear residencies have beenheld in Costa Rica, Spain, Athens, Mex-ico, Singapore, and The Netherlands.GMAP II has its midyear residency inWashington, DC.

The five year celebration of GMAP,titled “First Five,” was held in Washing-ton, DC October 14-15, 2005. Morethan ninety of the 250 graduates of theprogram attended. The SingaporeEmbassy hosted an opening receptionand dinner, and Charles Dallara (F’75,F’86) graciously hosted six panels at theInstitute of International Finance. Thecelebration culminated in a gala dinnerat the German Embassy hosted byFletcher board member AmbassadorWolfgang Ischinger (F’73).

B OB BR AG A R (G M A P ’ 0 3 ) , C H A I RO F T HE F I RS T F I VE CO M M I T T E E,S HA RE D T HE F O LLO W I N G :

First Five brought GMAP graduatesand alumni from the larger Fletchercommunity together to discuss impor-tant international issues, enjoy eachother’s company, and celebrate beinga part of the GMAP and Fletchercommunity.

GMAP is a remarkable program. Myown class consisted of 38 members withchallenging and interesting jobs, across awide range of sectors: diplomats, govern-ment officials, NGO workers, lawyers,business people, and military officers.We hailed from 22 countries. Mostimportantly, we developed a tremendousbond, stemming from our commonpassion for intellectual exploration andthings international. At First Five, Ifound that every GMAP class sharedthe same experience and extraordinaryqualities. Many came great distances tojoin us – from Estonia, Greece, Mexico,Jamaica, China, and other far-flungplaces. We came for the same good stuffthat we got from GMAP: the thoughtfuldiscussion and camaraderie that cannotbe matched.

The weekend included six panelsdesigned to examine the present andprobe the future, staffed exclusively byGMAPers. The titles of the panels were:“The Rise of China,” “Paradigms inLeadership,” “Change in the MiddleEast,” “Does Europe Have Something toOffer the World?,” “No More Rwandas:Conflict in Africa,” and “Anti-poverty-What Comes After Microfinance?”

GMAPers are proud and active mem-bers of the Fletcher community; it wasparticularly inspiring and heartening tohave so many board members andalumni take part and contribute.

Bob Bragar (GMAP’03)C h a i r, First Five CommitteeGeneral Counsel,OikocreditThe Netherlands

F L E T C H E R N E W S

Spring 2006 FLETCHER NEWS 5

What had started off as a really bad joke by Danish newspa-per editors has now turned ugly and claimed over a hundredlives, nearly all Muslim. Indeed, it has brought to the foresome of the most disturbing undercurrents in the West as wellas in Muslim societies.

The cartoons have placed the spotlight on the most hideouscaricatures of what extremists on each side wish to see inthe other. If the purpose of these cartoons was to instigateviolence and thereby prove that Muslim societies are violenceprone, they seem to have served their purpose. But in theprocess, the cartoons – and more importantly the Westerndefense of the cartoons – have also given credence to the claimthat many in the West harbor a pervasive and deep-seatedhostility to all things Islamic.

Sadly, the way the issue is being framed in both the Westand in Muslim societies is only making things worse. It is dis-turbing that many Westerners have chosen to ignore the hatecontent of these cartoons. It is tragic that many Muslims havechosen to respond with vengeance rather than dialogue.

For the most part, the controversy has been portrayed as aclash between the “Western” value of freedom of speech andthe “Islamic” aversion to graphic depictions of the ProphetMuhammad. Fundamentalists on each side are gravitatingto this position because it serves to demonize the other anddepicts this controversy as one more front in the ongoingstruggle between Islam and the West.

Ordinary Muslims around the world are offended not somuch by the fact that the cartoons depicted their Prophet, asby how he was portrayed and by the hateful depiction ofIslam. The Danish editors knew exactly what the reactionwould be. If they did not, they should have. As Doonesburycreator Garry Trudeau has pointed out, “just because a societyhas almost unlimited freedom of expression doesn’t meanwe should ever stop thinking about its consequences in thereal world.”

But what has been most hurtful is that a depiction thatwould have been obviously racist if it was targeted againstAfrican-Americans, or anti-Semitic if it was targeted againstJews and would have been rightly condemned, was deemedacceptable in this case – seemingly because it was directedagainst Muslims.

Indeed, the immediate reaction from governments and mostpundits in the West seemed to condone, even endorse, the

message of the cartoons by camouflaging hate speech as freespeech. The issue here is not a lack of sensitivity to Muslimcustoms. This is about hypocrisy and a lack of commitmentto the professed Western values of tolerance and fair play.

True, many US newspapers have chosen not to print thecartoons. But by their own account, they did so more out offear of what these cartoons might trigger than actual disdain atthe hate speech that they stand for. Few, painfully few, actuallycame out and called the hate speech contained in the cartoonswhat it was.

As a Muslim, I find the reaction of my co-religionists evenmore disturbing. The extremists have again taken hold of thedebate and played into the hands of the instigators. In theearly days of the crisis I had hoped that cooler heads wouldprevail – that nonviolent protest, product boycotts, and aheated but meaningful dialogue would ensue.

Unfortunately, it was not to be. The violent fringe in Mus-lim countries has been able to capitalize on the intransigentreaction from the West. I, too, am offended by the indignity ofthe Danish cartoons. But defacing and burning flags, destroy-ing property, and physical attacks on individuals does notrestore my dignity. Vengeance is not justice; it only makesthings worse. And it has.

The question, of course, is what do we do now? Muslimleaders should continue to condemn the original cartoons butthey must be equally clear in condemning violence that is notonly unjustified, but un-Islamic. Governments, the media andintellectuals in Muslim countries need to stand clearly againstthe violent reactions in their own societies. For the most part,they have.

Political leaders, media outlets and intellectuals in the Westdo not need to – and should not – casually toss aside the valuethey place on free speech. No free society ever should. Butnor should they be negligent in recognizing hate speech whenthey see it. The general silence about the content of the car-toons sounds too much like an endorsement of their substance.This silence must be broken.

Adil Najam is an Associate Professor of InternationalNegotiation and Diplomacy at The Fletcher School.

Shouting “fire” in a crowded theatre is not a prank. And there is nothing funny about

propagating offensive and hurtful ideas, even if it takes the form of cartoon drawings of

the Prophet Muhammad.

The Danish Cartoon Controversy:It’s About Hate Speech, Not Free Speech

O P - E D B Y A D I L N A J A M

F L E T C H E R N E W S

F L E T C H E R N E W S

As the lights went down, the littlered light went on, with the floor mansignaling to the anchor they were on theair. The segment began with a videopackage showing Vice President RichardCheney and White House Press Secre-tary Scott McClellan delivering soundbites designed to show the Bush Admin-istration’s resolve.

But aside from the posturing, whatdid this latest development mean? Now,the cameras switched to the in-studioguest, a terrorism expert there to discusswhat it all meant. Lorenzo Vidino,knowledgeable, calm and measured, pro-ceeded to offer shrewd insights aboutthis latest development.

He said the tape might have beendesigned to boost the morale of terror-ists around the world. Asked if the tim-ing of the tape might be related to therecent U.S. air strikes on the Afghan-Pakistani border, Vidino was cautious. “Itcould be,” he said, before noting that thetape had surfaced less than a week afterthe air strikes and that it generally tooka good week to get a tape out to theworld. He mostly dismissed Bin Laden’soffer of a “truce” as “a PR move,” theo-rizing that it might be “part of a newcampaign to add a political dimension”to al Qaeda’s terrorist activities. And, henoted al Qaeda’s leadership had been“partially defeated” and was now “moreof a movement,” held together as agroup of “franchises” operating aroundthe world.

By all counts, it was an impressiveperformance by an impressive youngman. Lorenzo Vidino speaks four lan-guages (seven if you count what lan-guages he can read, including ancientGreek), has a law degree from the Uni-versity of Milan, and has testified beforethe U.S. Congress twice. He is also theauthor of an important new book calledAl Qaeda in Europe, The New Battle-ground of International Jihad, publishedby Prometheus Books. [He wrote thebook when he was the Deputy Directorfor The Investigative Project, a Washing-ton, D.C. counter-terrorism institute.]

Much in demand for TV appearances,Vidino has been on NBC, Fox News,MSNBC, CNN, al Jazeera and variouslocal outlets. His book was also promi-nently featured in a December 5 SpecialReport cover story in US News andWorld Report and has received mediaplay in outlets abroad, such as the Lon-don Sunday Telegraph. And, around thetime we caught up with him, he had justmade an appearance on Danish televi-sion station DR, the country’s mostwatched network, concerning a Danish-based terrorist. After his appearance, hewas contacted by the Danish govern-ment and now the Danish edition of hisbook will come out this summer.

Despite all this media attention, notethat Lorenzo Vidino is a first-year stu-dent at Fletcher and just turned 29 yearsof age in January.

Asked in a lengthy interview why hechose to concentrate on al Qaeda’s Euro-pean activities, Vidino replied that muchof the terrorism research and analysis todate centered on terrorism in regard tothe United States.

Citing the more recent attacks onLondon and Madrid, among others, hesaid:

“Practically nobody has analyzed thenetworks in Europe. Every attack carriedout by al Qaeda since 1993 (the year ofthe first World Trade Center attacks) hashad some kind of European link. For the9/11 attacks, for example, three of thefour pilots were recruited in Hamburg;most of the planning took place in Ger-many and Spain.”

Vidino said the number of radicalIslamists in Europe is daunting. “Accord-ing to local authorities, Germany hasbetween 30,000 to 40,000 knownIslamists. In England, intelligence agen-cies estimate that 3,000 local Muslimsreceived training in al Qaeda’s camps inAfghanistan,” he said.

While radical Islamic groups hadbeen growing throughout Europe overthe last 25 years, Vidino said the compo-sition of the networks had changed morerecently. “They are very extensive, verysophisticated and well organized,” hesaid. “But now al Qaeda has become alooser organization, and in certain casesthe groups operating on the ground inEurope have only ideological ties to al

It was another grim news day, with breaking news that Osama Bin Laden had released a

new audiotape, via al Jazeera, the Arab-language satellite network, pledging once again to

attack the United States, but oddly offering a truce. The public appetite for news was high

as “The Curtis Report,” airing on the New England Cable News, went on the air for its

nightly news show.

Lorenzo Vidino: A Rising Starat Fletcher…and he’s only 29

Al Qaeda in Europe

T E R R Y A N N K N O P F

6 Spring 2 0 0 6 FLE TCHER NEWS

Spring 2006 FLETCHER NEWS 7

Qaeda.” In other words, al Qaeda is nowmore homegrown -- more of series oflocal “franchises” around Europe sellingits product (i.e., terrorism) more exclu-sively, while carrying the company’sbrand name [al Qaeda].

Vidino cited two chilling examples ofthis homegrown terrorism: one, the2002 abduction and beheading of WallStreet Journal reporter Daniel Pearl; theother, in 2004, the murder of a promi-nent Dutch filmmaker named Theo VanGogh, a distant relative of the legendarypainter.

Nor did the assassinations necessarilyfall into the stereotypical view of terror-ists as impoverished and downtrodden.He noted Omar Saeed Sheikh came froma well-to-do family living in London.“Omar Sheikh, the guy who beheadedDaniel Pearl, was the son of a verywealthy Pakistani merchant; he attendedthe London School of Economics, wentto Bosnia to fight with the Muhajadeen,then went to Pakistan and joined a radi-cal group. In fact, he affected a charmingcockney accent to ingratiate himselfwith Western tourists whom he wouldthen kidnap.”

While Van Gogh’s assassination didnot receive the same media attentionthat Daniel Pearl’s murder did, it was noless brutal. Dutch Islamists had beenangered by a documentary by Van Goghthat had been very critical of radicalIslam and its mistreatment of women.

One unsuspecting morning, VanGogh was riding his bike through the

busy downtown streets of Amsterdamon his way to his production house. “ADutch-born Moroccan chased after himand shot him at least five times. Theattacker tried to behead Van Gogh with abutcher’s knife, while he pleaded for hislife.”

As recounted during the interviewand in his book, Vidino said the murder-ous assailant pinned a five-page letter toVan Gogh’s heart, a “Declaration of Waragainst the West.” “He was part of a cellof 40-50 people. Some of them are cur-rently on trial in Amsterdam, most ofthem are Dutch-born, some as young as16,” he said.

The good news, said Vidino, is that alQaeda does not presently have an exten-sive network in the United States. “Theyare not as widespread or as deep as theyare in Europe.” However, he also offereda sober warning that there is no fool-proof way of guarding against futureattacks. “Look at Israel,” he said, “Israelis a small country and has great security.Yet attacks happen almost every day.”

Lorenzo Vidino is a first-year MALDstudent at The Fletcher School. His bookAl Qaeda in Europe, The New Battle-ground of International Jihad is availableat www. a m a z o n . c o m .

F L E T C H E R N E W S

Stephen W. Bosworth Reflects on theLast Days of Ferdinand Marcos

8 Spring 2 0 0 6 FLE TCHER NEW S

F L E T C H E R N E W S

Bosworth’s remarks are taken from alengthy telephone interview he did lastNovember with Rosie Goldsmith, a pre-senter/producer from the BBC. Portionsof the interview were later used in Feb-ruary for a two-part documentary series,“From Dictatorship to Democracy,”which aired on the BBC World Service,and for a program called "The People'sRevolution” which aired on the BBC’sdomestic service. Portions of the origi-nal interview are reprinted with the per-mission of the BBC.

S E T T I NG T HE STAG E :In the face of rampant government cor-ruption, political mismanagement byhis cronies, and bilking the treasury outof millions of dollars, Ferdinand Marcosand his powerful, lavish-spending wifeImelda were swept from power in 1986in the face of fraudulent elections andstreet demonstration, which became partof a huge popular uprising known as“people power.”A tense stalemateensued between Marcos’ supporters andthe opposition led by Corazon Aquino,the candidate who had been robbed of anelectoral victory. It ended only when thedictator, at the urging of the UnitedStates, fled his country and went intoexile in Hawaii, with Corazon Aquinoassuming the presidency.

A B I T T ER SW EET AN NI V ERS A RY:Alas, in what should have been amoment of jubilant celebration, the 20thanniversary of “people power” in thePhilippines was marked by politicalunrest, with troops patrolling the streets,

a police raid on a leading oppositionpaper in Manila, and President GloriaMacapagal Arroyo imposing a state ofemergency. In a bitter twist of irony,Corazon Aquino, the woman who hadled the Philippines to democracy 20years earlier, was on the streets again,rallying a crowd in hopes of deposingthe current president.

S TE P HEN B OS WO R T H ’S I N TE RV I E WW I TH TH E B B C :

B B C : How big a role did the Un i ted St ates play

in the eve nts leading up to 1986?

S W B : Our role was not as significant asboth sides would have liked… Our goalwas to try, over a period of years, start-ing with assassination of [chief opposi-tion leader] Benigno Aquino [in 1983],to make them create enough democraticspace within the country so the opposi-tion within the country could have alevel playing field as they contestedMarcos at the ballot box. And that was afairly consistent process over an 18month period.

B B C : In spite of Ma rco’s human ri g hts re co rd

and the excesses and at rocities that the

Un i ted St ates must have kn own abo u t, d i d

you co ntinue to suppo rt Ma rco s ?

S W B : We didn’t continue to supportMarcos – that was the government ofthe Philippines for better or worse, andwe didn’t think it was our role to over-throw that government. But we didbelieve that in our long-term interests

we should support the moderate demo-cratic forces in that country and we wereconfident that there were substantialnumbers of those forces. So we leanedon Marcos from the time I arrived inApril 1984 through the next 18 months… to allow the democratic opposition tooperate.

B B C : Why did the Un i ted St ates need

Fe rdinand Ma rco s ?

S W B : I wouldn’t say we needed Ferdi-nand Marcos per se. What we didn’twant was protracted instability in thePhilippines. Remember this was at theheight of the Cold War. We believed wewere in global competition with a pow-erful global adversary. We had two mili-tary bases in the Philippines consideredvital to our strategy of containment ofthe Soviet Union. No one was arguingthat we didn’t need those bases. Marcosunderstood that very well and played onour interests.

But after Benigno Aqino’s assassination,we realized that support for FerdinandMarcos was jeopardizing our long-terminterests in the Philippines. Thatrequired that we be seen by the majorityof Filipinos as supportive of the demo-cratic process.

B B C : Benigno Aquino was murd e red in 1983;

the People Power Revolution was in 1986.

Why did it take the Un i ted St ates three ye a r s

to act ?

S W B : It sometimes takes the United

On the 20th anniversary of the overthrow of Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos,

Stephen W. Bosworth, United States Ambassador to the Philippines from 1984-1987,

reflects on his role in the tumultuous last days of Marcos and the triumph of the “people

power” uprising of 1986.

Spring 2 0 0 6 FLETCHER NEWS 9

F L E T C H E R N E W S

States a very long time to act on any-thing. Our system of government iseffective, but not always efficient. Butthe context is important – not an excuse.We’d been out of Vietnam a decade.[There was] a strong view that weneeded a foothold in the Philippines.Marcos had it in his power to denythat to us if he wanted to.

B B C : Wh at was the tipping po i nt ?

S W B : The tipping point was the election.In 1985 [Marcos] called a snap electionafter we had been harassing him for overa year on the need for full transparencyand accountability for Aquinas’s murder.… A series of special envoys had comeout from the United States to meet him.And I was meeting with him about oncea week, making the same point over andover again. Finally under pressure – andbecause of his [poor] health – heannounced on American TV a snap elec-tion. That was in November and theelection took place in February ‘86.

Marcos thought he would win. He hadlost touch with his people… Also, hebelieved that if he didn’t win the electionlegitimately, he could, in effect, steal it.What he failed to comprehend were twothings: one, how much his mandate hadbeen eroded by human rights abusesand… the deteriorating economy – theFilipino people were hurting. He alsodiscovered that he had to run an electionin the glare of full global publicity andmedia. When he tried to ‘force’ the elec-tion he was sloppy and got caught… Itwas clear to all watching that he wascheating.

B B C : Tell us about the last three days of the

Ma rcos re g i m e ?

S W B : I knew there was a good deal ofunrest in the Filipino Armed Forces. Wehad learned of various plots in earliermonths… [including] a reform move-ment loyal to then- Defense Minister[Juan Ponce] Enrile. But we also knewthat [Gen. Fabian] Ver [Marcos’ cousinand former bodyguard] was plotting var-ious moves – so both sides knew and weknew. So after some consultation withWashington, I sent messages to both

sides and said: ‘The US knew they weredoing this and the other knew what theother was doing and they should stop!We would not support a governmentproduced by a coup nor would wesupport the coup.’ We tried to freeze-frame the situation.

In that time [period] Philip Habib wassent out from Washington – a veryblunt guy. We weren’t sure what wewere going to do, but he came out andwe paddled round [in] meeting withdozens of people within governmentand with the opposition – Cory[Aquino], etc.

He left on a Sunday afternoon. I wentback to the Embassy residence. I waswriting a cable to Washington reportingon our last meeting with Marcos. Whiledoing that, I got a phone call saying thatthe [Defense] Minister Enrile wanted totalk with me. Enrile had learned that Verwas out to arrest him and the reformedofficers… and he had gone into hiding…And he believed that he and EddieRamos were in imminent danger.

B B C : Did En rile and Ramos really be l i eve they

we re in danger?

S W B : Yes. They thought they would bekilled. Marcos had a long history ofresponding very aggressively to anyonetrying to challenge him. It began while[he] was in [his] early 20s [when he]murdered a political opponent of hisfather – shot him at an open windowwhile he was brushing his teeth. Marcos’proclivity for very direct action was wellestablished, so I don’t blame Enrile orRamos for being concerned about theirown safety.

B B C : The eve nts of 1986 have sometimes

been po rt rayed as either a bungled coup or

[in the case of] people powe r, a CIA plot?

S W B : When the Filipinos don’t under-stand why something happens, [they]usually [say] that it’s a CIA plot. Ihereby declare it was not! It ascribes tothe US government a level of under-standing and wisdom that simply doesnot exist. We didn’t know enough tomanipulate the situation. It was a situa-

tion with many moving parts. All wecould do was try to keep our eye onmajor principles. Three weeks before theelection, I had stated openly that the USwould work with whichever party wonthe elections. At that point Imelda triedto get me [declared] persona non grata…She had also personally contacted NancyReagan and tried to get me removed asAmbassador. Thankfully, [Secretary ofState] George Schulz and others under-stood that we were doing the right thingand beat back that initiative.

B B C : We re you surp rised at the large numbe r s

of people on the stre e t s ?

S W B : A large crowd of colleagues andwives had gathered at the U.S. Embassyon the Saturday night. We saw largenumbers of people gathered at EDSA. Ican’t say I was surprised, but it wasnoteworthy… You must remember thatin August of 1983 the streets were filledwith Filipinos as [Benigno] Aquino’sbody was marched round the city andcountry… So we were accustomed tolarge crowds.

B B C : The night of Fe b. 2 5 t h , the Ma rcos family

and aides left the Pa l a ce.Wh at role did the

Un i ted St ates play ?

S W B : We did it! I had been in touch withMarcos over that weekend, from Satur-day to Monday…under instructions thatI was delivering ultimatums. I told himwe did not want him to use force to sup-press this popular movement on thestreets.

B B C : Th at pre s s u re came from the Un i te d

St ate s,not just Ma rcos saying he wo u l d n’t ki l l

his be l oved pe o p l e ?

S W B : We knew there was column ofMarines moving north on EDSAtowards where Enrile and Ramos and[their] supporters were taking refuge. Idirectly told Marcos that any effort tosuppress this movement through the useof force would cause rupture in his rela-tions with the US. He was upset. ‘Youdon’t understand,’ he said: ‘This is arebellion – I must suppress it with force.’I said, ‘Not acceptable as far as we’reconcerned.’

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1 Amid widespread international condemnation of Marcos for holding fraudulent elections, Presi-dent Ronald Reagan, who had been a strong supporter of President Marcos, sent diplomat PhilipHabib to the Philippines to investigate. Habib’s advice was to abandon the Philippine president. Butwhile the situation continued to deteriorate, the Administration was initially reluctant to ask him tostep down.

2 After the presidential elections of 1986, in which Marcos claimed victory despite allegations oflarge-scale electoral fraud, Ramos and defense minister Juan Ponce Enrile supported Marcos’oppo-nent, Corazon Aquino. Their defection sparked the civilian “people power” movement that forcedMarcos into exile. During Aquino's presidency Ramos served as military chief of staff (1986–88) andsecretary of national defense (1988–91), and he suppressed several military coup attempts againsther government.

3 “people power” revolution was a mostly nonviolent mass demonstration in the Philippines. Fourdays of peaceful protests by millions of Filipinos in metropolitan Manila resulted in the overthrow ofMarco’s authoritarian regime and the installation of Corazon Aquino as president of the Republic.EDSA refers to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, a main highway in Metro Manila and the main site ofthe demonstrations.

4 Clark Air Base is a former U.S. Air Force base on Luzon Island in the Philippines, about 40 milesnorthwest of Manila.

5 Ilocos Norte is best known as the home province of former president Ferdinand Marcos.

6 On Feb. 22, Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile, Vice-Chief of Staff Gen. Fidel [Eddie] Ramos, andseveral hundred troops loyal to them abruptly and unexpectedly broke with Marcos and barricadedthemselves in Camps Crame and Aguinaldo in Metro Manila.

Later, I told him and then [in a] pressrelease that we believed he could nolonger rule with any effectiveness andthat he should step aside. At that pointwe left him alone a few hours… Thenhe decided he should leave the palace…We said we would help him leave...

I was very concerned: what if somethingwent wrong? The palace stormed? Itwould have been a terrible outcome to aprocess which, so far, had been peaceful.We also had intelligence reports that thePresidential Guard had begun to desertand there was little security round thepalace… The president and his familywere in danger. So we told him wewould help him out...

He decided to leave by air, but asked fora boat to bring luggage and staff downriver. We landed the helicopters acrossthe river from the palace, ferried Marcosand family across the river, and thenthey went off to Clark Air Force Base.

B B C : Wh at we re the inte ntions of the Un i te d

St ates getting Ma rcos out? Imelda Ma rco s

said‘the Un i ted St ates ki d n a p ped the family

and [they] had no idea of what was going on.’

S W B : My milder rejoinder to that wouldbe – nonsense! They knew what wasgoing on. We did this at their request.We probably saved their lives by takingthem out. Another two hours in thepalace when the mob did get in…theywould all have been killed.

One point of uncertainty was whatwould happen after we got him out. Bythis time, we had recognized CorazonAquino as the new president... I askedher what she wanted us to do withMarcos. I knew we couldn’t keep himat Clark Air Force Base. He wanted togo to Ilocos.

I asked Corazon Aquino. She was sittingthere with Eddie Ramos, now her Chiefof Staff. Ramos was suggesting to herthat it would be a very bad thing. IfMarcos stayed in the country, he wouldcontinue to incite violent opposition toher new government. She said, ‘No, heshould leave.’ Then late evening, we hadreports that loyal forces [to Marcos]were moving close to the Camp. Sowith the support of Washington, weorganized them out. We also had con-cern that [Marcos] could have a militaryoperation mounted at Clark Air ForceBase with a nasty outcome. So, [Ferdi-nand and Imelda Marcos] were taken toGuam and then Hawaii.

B B C : Wh at do you feel loo king back 20

years late r ?

S W B : I feel a number of things. First,that we did the right thing. We listenedto the people as best we could and, in theend – February 1986 – we did what theywanted us to do. We did not try to propMarcos up against the will of his ownpeople. The Philippines is much betteroff as a result.

B B C : Now, w h at kind of shape is the

Philippines in tod ay? Are you disappo i nted?

S W B : Many Filipinos are disappointed. Ihave a deep emotional investment in thecountry – lots of friends there.… Theproblem with the Philippines is not thatdemocracy is not working…. They haveelections. [But] there is an area of gov-ernment beyond elections called gover-nance. How do you govern a countrywhich consists of 7,000 islands, 700 ofthem populated, 70 different dialects, nostrong sense of national unity, and aculture where loyalties and affiliationsare vertical and not horizontal? Thereare very few horizontal organizationsthat keep the place welded together….

Up until recently, I’ve been encouragedby the growth of economic middle class– much bigger than 20 years ago. I lookaround Manila and see evidence of thatmiddle class – I see malls, etc…. Unfor-tunately, I also see evidence of extremepoverty – great disparity of wealth andincome. The Philippines remains a veryfactionalized place.

F RO M T H E FL E T C H ER FI L E S

FLE TCHER NE WS Spring 2006 1 1

DEAN BOSWORTH RECEIVES JAPANESE IMPERIAL DECORATION…

On November 3rd, the Japanese Governmentannounced that Dean Stephen W. Bosworth hadbeen awarded the Order of the Rising Sun, Goldand Silver Star for his contributions to the pro-motion of friendly relations between Japan andthe United States.

FLETCHER COLLABORATION WITH THE EUROPEAN COMMISSIONAs part of The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy’s deepening collaboration

with the European Commission, Professor ALAN HENRIKSON was invited to serve asVisiting Professor at the European Commission Training Unit in Brussels November7-11, 2005. To a group of approximately thirty senior officials from various Com-mission Directorates, he taught a course dealing with the history, the mechanics, andthe mysteries of “The American Foreign Policy Making Process.” The officialsbecame directly engaged as “American” participants in a simulation exercise on ahypothesized Crisis in the Caucasus, followed by a written examination.

A more formal culminating event took place “virtually” on January 23, 2006,when a joint Fletcher School-European Commission Certificate Award Ceremony forsuccessful course participants was held by videoconference. The current EuropeanUnion Fellow at the Fletcher School, Ambassador MICHAEL LAKE, himself a Com-mission official who most recently served as Delegate of the European Commissionto South Africa, joined in conducting this transatlantic ceremony.

SAVE THE DATE…

AUSTIN B. FLETCHER SOCIETY INAUGURAL EVENTThe Fletcher School is pleased to announce the AUSTIN B. FLETCHER SOCIETY,

a new way to honor those who have remembered The School in their estate plans.Fletcher was created with a bequest from Dr. Austin Barclay Fletcher, a memberof Tufts’ Class of 1876, who donated $1 million towards the establishment andmaintenance of a school of law and diplomacy at Tufts.

The Austin B. Fletcher Society will hold its inaugural event:Tea with Dean Bosworth on Thursday, May 18.

Invitations to Austin B. Fletcher Society Members will follow soon by mail.

Members of the Austin B. Fletcher Society will be recognized in future donorreports. If you have not yet informed The Fletcher School of your estate gift andwould like to be recognized as a member of this Society, please contact:

Tara LewisAssociate DirectorOffice of Development and Alumni Relationstara.lewis@tufts.edu+1.617.627.2720

Quotes of Note

“In dealing with terror groups andinsurgents and all these nonstateactors – they’re not open to contain-ment. It’s unclear whether you candeter them – maybe you can detersome of them – but we have to havethat arrow in our quiver.”— Ri c h a rd Sh u l t z ,Fl e tcher Pro fessor ofI nte rn ational Po l i t i c s, as quoted in theCh ristian Science Monito r,17 Ma rch 2006.

“As a member of government, Iknow that the decision to pull outtroops from Iraq has been contro-versial and seen as a divisive lineand a breach of trust and coopera-tion between Spain and the U.S.However, there was major opposi-tion from the Socialist party and theSpanish people to the U.S. decisionto enter Iraq. In his campaign, PrimeMinister Zapatero made a commit-ment to the Spanish people to with-draw our troops. When the Socialistparty won the elections, he had nochoice but to honor his word.”— Sp a i n’s Mi n i s ter of Ju s t i ce Juan Fe rnando Lo pezAguilar (F’88), s pe a king at Fl e tcher 3 Ma rc h , 2 0 0 6 .

“Muslim investment is bigger thanArab investment. If you’re Muslim,you start getting the message thatthis [the United States] is not a placethat welcomes my investment.”— Fl e tcher As s oc i ate Pro fessor of Inte rn at i o n a lNe g o t i ation and Di p l o m a cy, Adil Najam on the Dubai po rt securi ty issue as quoted in theCh i cago Tri b u n e, 26 Fe b ru a ry 2006.

“A model progressive Muslimcountry cannot show the worldthat it makes laws that discriminateagainst women and that allows itsreligious authorities to snatch awaythe body of a dead man from hisgrieving Hindu family.”— Zainah An war (F’86), a founder of Si s te r sin Is l a m , as quoted in the New York Ti m e s,19 Fe b ru a ry 2006.

“Hong Kong knows that througheach crisis, it has been able tobounce back. It knows that it has torun just to stand up because of thehigh level of competition.”— Anson Ch a n , Fo rmer Chief Se c re t a ry of theGove rn m e nt of Hong Ko n g, s pe a king at Fl e tc h e r,3 Fe b ru a ry 2006 as part of the Jean Mayer Gl o b a lCi t i zenship Le ct u re.

V I P V I S I T O R S

1 2 FLE TCHER NEWS Spring 2006

Ted Koppel addressed anaudience of Tufts and Fletcher

students, faculty, and staff aspart of a distinguished panel

at Fletcher on 3 April 2006.This event was an Edward R.

Murrow Symposium entitled:What Would Murrow SeeNow? The U.S. Press and

the World.

Masuda Sultan, Co-Director,Women for Afghan Women,and author of My War atHome, spoke at Fletcher aspart of Enlightened Power:Are Women TransformingLeadership? This conferencewas hosted by The FletcherSchool 13 March 2006.

John L. Esposito, Professor ofReligion and International Affairsat Georgetown University spokeon American Foreign Policy andthe Future of the Muslim World:Autocrats, Democrats, Terrorists?as part of the Charles FrancisAdams Lecture Series at Fletcher,30 November 2005.

Hans Blix, former United Nations IAEA Chief Weapons Inspector in Iraq, visitedFletcher 21 October 2005, as part of a one-day conference, Non-proliferation ofweapons of Mass Destruction: Current Challenges and New Approaches.Theconference was co-sponsored by Fletcher and the American Academy ofDiplomacy.

Ted C. Sorensen, chief speechwriter and closeadviser to President John F. Kennedy delivered aCharles Francis Adams Lecture at Fletcher on 9February 2006.

Dr. Anson Chan, formerChief Secretary of theGovernment of Hong

Kong spoke at Fletcher, 3February 2006 as part of

the Jean Mayer GlobalCitizenship Lecture. Photo by Sarah Arkin (A'06)

F L E TCHE R CLUB OF BRUSSE LSIn Ja n u a ry, the Fl e tcher Club of Bru s s e l s we l comed a group of Fl e tc h e rand JFK School of Gove rn m e nt students with Pro f. Di m i t ris Ke ri d e s,t h rough Ha rva rd’s Ko k kalis Prog ram on So u t h e a s te rn and Ea s t - Ce nt ra lEu ro pe. The students visited NATO and seve ral EU Institutions. In Fe b-ru a ry, t h ey we l comed Ruth Ci t ri n ( F ’ 9 2 ) , near East analyst from the USSt ate De p t. In Ma rc h , t h ey joined seve ral other US Alumni As s oc i at i o n sin Belgium in a Su per Bowl night eve nt. New arri vals in Brussels includeRi c klef Be u t i n ( F ’ 0 1 ) , n ow at the Co m m i s s i o n , No rwin Schaeffe r ( F ’ 0 4 ) ,also at the Co m m i s s i o n , Ca rl - Michael Si m o n ( F ’ 0 2 ) , at Si d l ey Austin LLP.

F L E TCHE R CLUB OF BUENOS AIRESThe Cl u b’s expanding membership now includes 31 alumni in 13 co u n-t ries – all with a common passion for Arg e ntina and the re g i o n , and ad e s i re to stay co n n e cted to the Fl e tcher co m m u n i ty. The new club hasfound its first pro j e ct : helping a club member be come Pre s i d e nt of hisco u nt ry. Raphael Tro t m a n ( F ’ 0 2 ) , Me m ber of Pa rl i a m e nt of Gu ya n a ,has launched a new re fo rmist party – the Al l i a n ce for Change – and isrunning for Pre s i d e nt in the July ’06 national elect i o n s. The Clubhas arranged for Raphael to wo rk with U.S. po l i t i cal co n s u l t a nt s ; i su pd ating the new party’s we b s i te ; and has begun wo rking with Tu ftsUn i ve r s i ty’s micro f i n a n ce initiat i ve to set up a prog ram tailored toGu ya n a . Ra p h a e l’s polls place him as a serious co nte n d e r. Anyo n ei nte re s ted in lending a hand – or who has skills that may be neededby Raph in the coming months – please co nt a ct Ca rlos St. James( ca rl o s s t j a m e s @ ya h oo. co m ) .

F L E TCHE R CLUB OF SE OULThe Fl e tcher Club of Se o u l and the Ko rea Tu fts Al l i a n ce end-of-ye a rbanquet was a gre at succe s s, with a turnout of more than 40 Tu fts andFl e tcher alumni. The two groups hope this will be a stepping stone fo rbigger and more successful eve nts in the future.

Members of the Fletcher Club of Seoul and Korea Tufts Alliance: Former GeneralJae-Chang Kim (F’98, F’02, Fletcher Club President), Sae-hyun Paik (J’01), Eunji Lee(J’00), Mi-Yeon Lee (J’00), Dr. Jung-Hoon Lee (A’84, F’86, Korea Tufts AlliancePresident), Seung-hyun Lim (Tufts student), and Jung Park (A’01)

F L E TCHE R ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF WA S H I N G TO N , D C

Victoria Esser (F’99) and Laurent Guinand (F’98), with other Fletcher alumni in DCenjoyed a whiskey tasting at the Potomac Boat Club on February 9. The tasting washosted by Mark Baker (F’95) of Diageo.

F L E TCHE R CLUB OF PHILA D E L P H I A / P E N N S Y LVA N I AAfter going bankrupt in Arg e ntina when the co u nt ry melted down in2 0 0 1 , To m my Heanue (F’90) has re t u rned to the US to settle in He r s h eyPA , w h e re u pon he has re s t ru ct u red his Arg e ntine snack food business.To m my has also taken on the task of organizing Fl e tcher alumni inPe n n s y l va n i a . Ernie Wri g ht (F’94), fo rmer Club leader, has helped thet ra n s i t i o n . To m my looks fo rwa rd to sharing Fl e tcher ex pe ri e n ces atg at h e rings in Pi t t s b u rgh and Ph i l a d e l p h i a . If inte re s ted in gettingi nvo l ve d, please co nt a ct him at theanue@hotmail.co m .

F L E TCHE R CLUB OF AT L A N TANew leadership is needed for the Fl e tcher Club of At l a nt a. Afters eve ral years acting as the pri m a ry alumni co nt a ct in Ge o rg i a , We n dyGu t i e rrez is relinquishing her role to spend time with her new baby !Ma ny thanks to We n dy for all that she has done for Fl e tc h e r. If you arei nte re s ted in re i nv i g o rating the Cl u b, please co nt a ct Leah Bra dy, atl e a h . b ra dy @ t u ft s. e d u.

F L E TCHE R CLUB OF OR EGONSusan Wi l l i a m s (F’00) and Michael Zw i rn (F’01) have re l ocated toWa s h i n g to n , DC and are no longer able to spe a rhead the Fl e tc h e rAlumni group in Ore g o n . Thanks to Susan and Michael! Th ey are eagerto have a new leader step up. If you are inte re s ted in org a n i z i n gFl e tcher alumni in Ore g o n , co nt a ct Leah Bra dy at leah.bra dy @ t u ft s. e d u.

CL U B NE W S

Spring 2 0 0 6 FLETCHER NEWS 1 3

AT L A N TANeeds new leadership!Please email leah.brady@tufts.edu ifinterested in taking on a leadership role.

BA N G KO KEkachai Chainuvati, (F’03)icyremy@hotmail.com

B E I J I N GStephane Grand (F’98)sjgrand@sjgrand.net

B E R L I NJan-Philipp Görtz (F’98)jan-philipp.goertz@dlh.de

B O M BAYForming soon…

B O S TO NKatherine Sikora Nelson, (F’93)knelson@kpmg.com

B RU S S E L SKatrina Destree (F’95)katrinadestree@bayarmont.be

BU D A P E S TAnita Orban (F’01)orban_anita@yahoo.com

BUENOS AIRE SCarlos St. James (GMAP’04)carlosstjames@yahoo.com

C H I CAG ODaniela Abuzatoaie (F’00)danielaciuca@hotmail.com

C H I L EAndres Montero (F’85)amontero@intertrust.cl

German Olave (F’97)germanolave@yahoo.com

CO P E N H AG E NGeoffrey Pack (F’89)jmjmpack@aol.com

D U BA IForming soon…

F L E TCHE R ALUMNI OF CO LO RA S S O C I AT I O NBelinda Chiu (F’04)belinda.chiu@gmail.com

G R E E C EMarilena Griva (F’02)grmarilena@yahoo.com

Thomas Varvitsiotis (F’99)tv@vando.gr

HONG KO N GDorothy Chandmychan@yahoo.com

Alicia Eastmanfletcher@aeastman.com

H O U S TO NDavid Hwa (F’76)david@timcor.com

K E N YAAnne Angwenyi (F’02)Anne_Angwenyi@alumni.tufts.edu

Viviane Chao (F’02)vivzhao@yahoo.com

KO S OVOIliriana Kacaniku (F '04)ilirianak@yahoo.com

LO N D O NAlexandra Paton (F’01)apaton01@hotmail.com

LOS ANGE LESAdrineh Gregorian (F’04)adrinehlynn@hotmail.com

Spencer Abbot (F’97)spencerabbot@alumni.tufts.edu

M A L AYS I AShah Azmi (F’86)shahaz@attglobal.net

M I A M IDaniel Ades (F’03)daniel@ades.a

M IDDLE EAST ALUMNI ASSOCIAT I O NWalid Chamoun (F’00)chamoun@alumni.tufts.edu

N E W YO R KRaymond Linsenmayer (F’01)Raymond_Linsenmayer@hotmail.com

Deborah Eisenberg (F’03)deisenberg@hotmail.com

O R E G O NNeeds new leadership!Please email leah.brady@tufts.edu ifinterested in taking on a leadership role.

PA R I SJulien Naginski (F’93)jnaginski@pprgroup.com

Angela de Santiago (F’91)adesantiago@alumni.tufts.edu

P H I L A D E L P H I AThomas Heanue (F’90)theanue@hotmail.com

P H I L I P P I N E SCathy Hartigan-Gochartigango@adb.org

SAN FRA N C I S COVladimir Todorovic (F’01)vladimirtodorovic@juno.com

SÃO PAU LOPaulo Bilyk (F’92)pbilyk@riobravo.com.br

S E ATT L EJulie Bennion (F’01)seattle_fletcher@yahoo.com

S E O U LJunsik Ahn (F’00)jfletcher@mbc.co.kr

S H A N G H A IMeredith Ludlow (F’03)meredithludlow@yahoo.co

S I N G A P O R EKim Odhnerkim_odhner@yahoo.com

S W I T Z E R LA N DMauricio Cysne (F’93)mcysne@attglobal.ne

TO K YOMariko Noda (F’90)ndmariko@ufji.co.jp

V I E N N ARainer Staub (F’96)rstaub@nextra.at

Jonathan Tirone (F’00)jpt335@yahoo.com

WA S H I N G TO N , D CVictoria Esser (F’99)T. Colum Garrity (F’98)info@fletcherclubofdc.orgwww.fletcherclubofdc.org

C LU B CO N TAC T S

1 4 Spring 2 0 0 6 FLETCHER NEWS

FAC U LT Y

Steven Block. “Maternal NutritionKnowledge versus Schooling asDeterminants of ChildMicronutrient Status.” OxfordEconomic Papers (forthcoming 2006).

Lawrence E. Harrison and JeromeKagan, ed. Developing Cultures:Essays on Cultural Change.Routledge, 2006.__ and Peter L. Berger, ed.Developing Cultures: Case Studies.Routledge, 2006.__.The Central Liberal Truth: HowPolitics Can Change a Culture andSave It From Itself. Oxford UniversityPress, 2006.__.“The Culture Club.” The NationalInterest no. 86 (spring 2006): 94-100.

Alan K. Henrikson. “NicheDiplomacy in the World PublicArena:The Global ‘Corners’ ofCanada and Norway.” In The NewPublic Diplomacy: Soft Power inInternational Relations, edited byJan Melissen. Pages 67-87.Basingstoke, U.K.: PalgraveMacmillan, 2005.

Brigadier General (Ret.) RussellHoward, James Forest, and JoanneMoore. Homeland Security andTerrorism. McGraw-Hill, 2006.__ and Reid L. Sawyer. Terrorism andCounterterrorism: Understanding theNew Security Environment, Readingsand Interpretations, Second Edition.McGraw-Hill/Dushkin, 2005.__ and Reid L. Sawyer. DefeatingTerrorism Shaping the New SecurityEnvironment. McGraw-Hill/Dushkin,2004.

Ian Johnsone, ed. Annual Review ofGlobal Peace Operations. Boulder, CO:Lynne Rienner Pub., 2006.__.“The Plea of Necessity inInternational Legal Discourse:Humanitarian Intervention andCounter-Terrorism.” ColumbiaJournal of Transnational Law, vol. 43,no. 2 (2005): 337-388.__.“Discursive power in the UNSecurity Council.” Journal ofInterational Law and InternationalRelations, vol. 2, no. 1 (June 2006).

Michael Klein. “Studying Texts: AGemara of the Israeli Economy,”Israel Economic Review, vol. 3, no. 1(August 2005): 121 – 147.__. “Dollarization and Trade,” Journalof International Money and Finance,vol. 24, no. 6, (October 2005): 935 –943.__ and Jay Shambaugh (F’96).“FixedExchange Rates and Trade.” Journalof International Economics (forth-coming).

Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz, BerniceWing Yee Lee, and Adil Najam.”Desarrollo Sostenible: Cómosuperar las carencias de gobernanzade la globalización” in Diálogo sobreGobernabilidad, Globalización yDesarrollo, edited by Ramon TorrentMacau, Antoni Millet Abbd andAlberto Arce Suárez. Barcelona:Universitat de Barcelona, 2005.

Adil Najam. Philanthropy by thePakistani Diaspora in the USA.Islamabad:The Pakistan Center forPhilanthropy and the RockefellerFoundation, 2005.__. “Developing Countries andGlobal Environmental Governance:From Contestation to Participationto Engagement.” InternationalEnvironmental Agreements: Politics,Law and Economics, vol. 5, no. 3(2005): 303-321.__. “A Tale of Three Cities:Developing Countries in GlobalEnvironmental Negotiations.” InGlobal Challenges: Furthering theMultilateral Process for SustainableDevelopment, edited by AngelaChurie Kallhauge, Gunnar Sjöstedtand Elisabeth Correll. Pages 124-143.London: Greanleaf, 2005.__.“Why Environmental PoliticsLooks Different from the South.” InHandbook of Global EnvironmentalPolitics,edited by Peter Dauvergne.Pages 111-126. Cheltenham, UK:Edward Elgar Press, 2005.

George Norman and Joel P.Trachtman. “The CustomaryInternational Law Game.” AmericanJournal of International Law, vol. 99,no. 3 (2005): 541.

Jesawald W. Salacuse. LeadingLeaders: How to Manage Smart,Talented, Rich, and Powerful People.AMACOM, 2006.

Anna Seleny. The Political Economyof State-Society Relations in Hungaryand Poland: From Communism to theEuropean Union. New York:Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Richard H. Shultz and AndreaDew (F’03, Ph.D. candidate).Insurgents,Terrorists, and Militias: TheWarriors of Contemporary Combat.Columbia University Press, forth-coming 2006.

Marc Sommers. Islands ofEducation: Schooling, Civil War, andthe Southern Sudanese (1983-2004).Paris: International Institute forEducational Planning, UNESCO,2005.__. Fearing Africa’s Young Men:TheCase of Rwanda. Washington, DC:Conflict Prevention andReconstruction Unit Working PaperNo. 32, World Bank (2006).__. “In the Shadow of Genocide:Rwanda’s Youth Challenge.” InTroublemakers or Peacemakers? Youthand Post-Accord Peacebuilding,edited by Siobhán McEvoy-Levy.South Bend: University of NotreDame Press (forthcoming 2006).

Joel P. Tractman. “Unilateralism andMultilateralism in U.S. Human RightsLaws Affecting International Trade.”In International Trade and HumanRights: Foundations and ConceptualIssues, edited by Frederick Abbott,Christine Breining-Kaufmann andThomas Cottier. Univ of MichiganPress, 2006.__.“Global Cyberterrorism,Jurisdiction, and InternationalOrganization.” In The Law andEconomics of Cybersecurity, edited byMark Grady and Francesco Parisi.Cambridge University Press, 2005.__.“Comment on Prof. Polakiewicz,Alternatives to Treaty-Making andLaw-Making by Treaty and ExpertBodies in the Council of Europe.” InDevelopments of International Law inTreaty Making, edited by RudigerWolfrum and Volker Röben.Springer-Verlag Berlin and

Heidelberg GmbH & Co., 2005.__.“Jurisdiction in WTO DisputeSettlement.” In Key Issues in WTODispute Settlement, edited by RufusYerxa and Bruce Wilson. CambridgeUniversity Press, 2005.__. “Negotiations on DomesticRegulation and Trade in Services(GATS Article VI): A Legal Analysis ofSelected Current Issues.” InReforming the World Trading System,edited by Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann.Oxford University Press, 2005.__. Book Review: Conflict of Normsin Public International Law: How WTOLaw Relates to Other Rules ofInternational Law, by JoostPauwelyn. American Journal ofInternational Law 98 (2004): 855.

Moeed Yusuf and Adil Najam.“Kashmir: Identifying Elements of aSustainable Solution.” In SustainableDevelopment and Governance in theAge of Extremes. Edited bySustainable Development PolicyInstitute. Pakistan: SDPI and SamaEditorial and Publishing Services(SAMA), 2005.

A LU M N I

Peter Ackerman (F’69, F’76).“ARainbow of Revolutions.” TheEconomist, January 19, 2006.

Norman R. Bennett (F’56). ThatIndispensible Article: Brandy and PortWine. c.1650-1908. Universidad doPorto, 2005.

Michael Dobbs (F72, F’77).Churchill’s Triumph. Headline BookPublishing Ltd., 2005.

James R. Holmes (F’98, F’03).Theodore Roosevelt and World Order:Police Power in InternationalRelations. Potomac Books, Inc., 2006.

Natasha Leger (F’98). The Future ofHigher Education: A ScenarioEvaluation of Its Prospects andChallenges. Pakistan: DevelopmentPolicy Institute, 2006.

RE CE NT PU B LI CAT I O N S

Spring 2 0 0 6 FLETCHER NEWS 1 5

William F. S. Miles (F’82).“ProfilingSoles.” The Boston Globe, 23September 2005.__. “Islamism in West Africa:Introduction” and “Conclusions”(Guest editor of special issue).African Studies Review vol. 47 no. 2(2004): 55-59 and 109-116.__. “Development, Not Diversion:Local versus External Perceptions ofthe Niger-Nigeria boundary.” Journalof Modern African Studies, vol. 43 no.2 (2005): 297-320.__.“Democracy withoutSovereignty: France’s Post-ColonialParadox.” The Brown Journal of WorldAffairs, vol. 11 no. 2 (2005): 223-234.__.“Destination: Paradise.” WilsonQuarterly 28 (Summer 2004): 12-20.__. “A Family's Progress inMauritius.” Contemporary Review,vol. 287 no. 1674 (July 2005): 43-46.__. “Carribbean Hybridity and theJews of Martinique.” In The JewishDiaspoa in Latin America and theCaribbean; Fragments of Memory,edited by Kristin Ruggiero. Brighton,U.K.: Sussex Academic Press, 2005.__. “Third World Views of theHolocaust.” Journal of GenocideResearch, vol. 6 no. 3 (2004): 371-393.

Kingsley Chiedu Moghalu (F’93).Rowanda’s Genocide,The Politics ofGlobal Justice. Palgrave Macmillan,2005.

Vincent O’Neil. Murder in Exile. St.Martin's Minotaur, 2006.

Bill Richardson (F’71). BetweenWorlds:The Making of an AmericanLife. New York: Penguin Group, Inc.,2005.

Jonathan Rosen (F’ 99) andMichael Woronoff. “UnderstandingAnti-Dilution Provisions inConvertible Securities.” FordhamLaw Review 74 (October 2005).

Ibis Sanchez Serrano (F’04).“Success in Translational Research:lessons from the development ofbortezomib.” Nature Reviews DrugDiscovery 5 (February 2006): 107-114.

Kusuma Snitwongse (F’57, F’60)and W. Scott Thompson, editors.Ethnic Conflicts in Southeast Asia.ISEAS, 2005.

Dirk Swart (GMAP 2005) and AdilNajam. “How the InternationalTrading System is Changing andWhy This May Not be Good forDeveloping Countries.” InSustainable Development andGovernance in the Age of Extremes,edited by Sustainable DevelopmentPolicy Institute (SDPI). Pakistan: SDPIand Sama Editorial and PublishingServices (SAMA), 2005.

Stan Taylor (F’61), Earl Fry andRobert S. Wood. America theVincible: US Foreign Policy for the 21stCentury. Boston: Pearson, 2004.__ and David Goldman.“IntelligenceReform: Will More Agencies, Money,and Personnel Help?” JournalIntelligence and National Security,vol.19 no. 3 (Autumn 2004): 416-435.__. “The Role of Intelligence inSecurity.” Chap. ContemporarySecurity Studies, edited by AlanCollins. Oxford University Press,2006.__ and Daniel Snow.“America’s ColdWar Spies:Why They Spied and HowThey Got

Abdulkader Thomas, (F’81), StellaCox, and Brian Kraty. StructuringIslamic FinanceTransactions. London:Euromoney, 2005.

Anthony Wanis-St. John (F’96,F’91).“Back Channel Negotiations:International Bargaining in theShadows.” Negotiation Journal, vol.22. no. 2 (2006).

S T U D E N TS AND FELLOWS

Brian H. Doench (MALD’06), CathyKarr-Colque, Matthew Auer (F’90),and Jan McAlpine.“Forest LawEnforcement and Governance:Resolve Needed from All Sides.”

Georgetown Public Policy Review, vol.11 no. 1 (Winter 2005-06)__.“Sustainable Forest ManagementRevisited: A Proposal for GlobalAction. Papers on InternationalEnvironmental Negotiations.”Program on Negotiation, Harvard LawSchool, vol. 15 (2006).

Geoffrey Gresh (MALD’06).“Coddling the Caucasus: Iran’sStrategic Relationship withAzerbaijan and Armenia.” CaucasianJournal of European Affairs, vol. 1, no.1 (Winter 2006).

Itamara V. Lochard (F’03, Ph.D. can-didate) and Richard Shultz.Understanding Internal Wars in the21st Centurty. UK: Routeledge Press,forthcoming winter 2006.

Theodore Tanoue (F’05, FletcherState Dept. Fellow).“Learning fromDayton.” Foreign Service Journal(November 2005): 51-55.

Lorenzo Vidino (MALD’06). AlQaeda in Europe: The NewBattleground of International Jihad.Prometheus Books, 2005.

Submissions to Recent Publicationsmust contain complete citationinformation in order to be includedin the Fletcher News.

R EC EN T P UB L I CAT I O N S

1 6 Spring 2 0 0 6 FLETCHER NEWS

During a three-week period in late February and early March, DeanBosworth traveled to the Arabian Gulf to visit with Fletcher alumniand friends in this important region of the world. He was joined inhis travels by wife, Christine Bosworth, Roger Milici of the Office ofDevelopment and Alumni Relations, Prof. Richard Shultz, Prof. AndyHess, Mrs. Bernadette Kelley-Leccese, Mr. Mian Zaheen (F’73), and Mrs.Maha Kaddoura.

Dean Bosworth and Professor Richard Shultz visit with Sheikh Mohammed binZayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of the United Arab Emirates.

(Left) Dean Bosworth with Fletcher alumni William T. Monrow (F’73),US Ambassador to Bahrain, and Ghazi Abdul-Jawad (F’72), President andCEO of the Arab Banking Corporation.

Spring 2 0 0 6 FLETCHER NEWS 3 7

(Above) Dean Bosworth and fellow Fletcher visitors were welcomed toDubai at a reception graciously hosted by Paul and Christine Bagatelas(both F’87), on 28 February 2006.

DEAN BOSWORTH’S VISIT TO THE ARABIAN GULF

THETIS TOULIATOU REAVIS (F’50) passed away October 14,2005 in New York City, from complications following surgery.After graduating magna cum laude from Smith, Thetis went onto receive an M.A. in international law from The FletcherSchool. She and John W. Reavis, Jr. were married in 1956, andafter a few years in San Francisco, the couple moved back toNew York. After Fletcher she worked at the United Nations andVoice of America. In California, she was Assistant Director ofthe World Affairs Council of Northern California. Afterreturning to New York again, she was with the Foreign PolicyAssociation for 31 years, ending her service as VP for PublicAffairs. Upon retirement, Thetis found time for renewed inter-est in the Women’s City Club of New York, and served on theboards of UNIFEM (the United Nations Development Fund forWomen) and the Smith College Club of New York. Thetis’experiences in Geneva during her junior year abroad fromSmith, shortly after the end of World War II, played a forma-tive role in her decision to attend Fletcher and her 55-yearcareer devoted to foreign affairs education. Thetis is survivedby her daughter, attorney Helen Diana “Heidi” Reavis, andHeidi’s husband, Steven M. Engel, a documentary and featurefilm producer. Thetis was capable, practical, thoughtful, soft-spoken and outgoing. She leaves a host of family and friendswho sorely miss her. Those who wish to be in touch withThetis’ family may do so by email at hreavis@rpl-law.com orSteve@EngelEntertainment.com.

BRYCE W. HARLAND, ESQ. (F’55) passed away in New Zealandon January 19, 2006, after a long illness. He was a career officerin New Zealand’s diplomatic service, serving as the country’sfirst Ambassador to China. Additionally, he served as Represen-tative to the UN in New York from 1982-1985, was appointedNew Zealand High Commissioner to the UK, and Ambassadorto Ireland. He is survived by his wife, Anne Blackburn.

KLAUS-DIETER VON SCHUMANN (F’57) died in Belgium on June28, 2005 according to word from his family. He was born Sep-tember 19, 1932 in Dresden. No further information was avail-able at the time of this printing.

WILLHELM H. VAN DEN TOORN (F’60) died of cancer at hishome in Washington, DC on December 13, 2004. He was 66years old. A Capitol Hill community activist for many years,Willhelm received his undergraduate degree from Brown Uni-versity before attending The Fletcher School. He is survived byhis wife, Susan McCaffray van den Toorn, and daughter, Chris-ten van den Toorn, as well as by his sister and twin brother.

HAROLD J. SUTPHEN (F’64, F’67) passed away on December 5,2005. Capt. Sutphen attended Brown University on a NavyROTC scholarship before graduating from The Fletcher Schoolwith a doctorate in political science and international law. Hepursued a career as a navy surface officer and both establishedand commanded the NROTC unit at Hampton Roads in Nor-folk. His last tour of duty in the Navy was as Director of Navysailing, overseeing the Navy’s professional and recreationalsailing programs worldwide. He is survived by his wife, Helen,four children and grandchildren, as well as by a brother and sis-ter-in-law.

MADAM JUSTICE LYNN KING (F’68) died on March 18, 2005 inToronto, ON, Canada after a battle with breast cancer. Sheattended the University of Toronto and studied economics priorto her time at The Fletcher School. She then returned to theUniversity of Toronto to earn her law degree. Among hermany accomplishments, she was a partner in the first all-female law firm in Toronto, and was highly respected by allwho knew her. She is survived by her husband M.T. Kelly, twosons Jonah and Max, along with her mother, two siblings andtheir families.

JOHN “TONY” COLSON (F’74) passed away on November 11,2005. He was born in Los Angeles, grew up in Italy and spentthe last 27 years in Northern Virginia where he worked as anAnalyst with the Defense Intelligence Agency. He retired in2004. Tony is survived by his wife, Lorraine and his sisters,Patricia Ross, Kathleen Godden-Kent and Mary Colson.

KEITH HUNTER (F’75) passed away after a short illness, at hishome in Sunnyvale, CA. After graduating from Fletcher, heworked in Washington, D.C. for the federal government andlater moved back to California to work in the aerospace and ITindustries. Keith was known at Fletcher for his wit, smile,excellent manners, and especially for his Elvis impersonation.He will be greatly missed by his Fletcher friends and room-mates.

ANDREAS BRANDSTATTER (F’85) passed away after a suddenheart attack on January 7, 2006, at the age of 47. Mr. Brand-statter was a Child Protection Advisor with the UN Stabiliza-tion Mission in Haiti, where he returned for his second tour ofduty in August 2004. He worked for the UN for many years,holding posts in the Balkans, the Caribbean, Latin America, andAfrica in Sierra Leone. M r. Brandstatter is survived by his wife,H i l d a , a physician, and sons Mark, 8 , E r i c , 6 , and Nicolas 4.

I N ME M ORI A M

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ROBERT C. AMERSON, a former Edward R. Murrow Fellow atThe Fletcher School, passed away at his home in Cape Cod Feb-ruary 25, 2006 after a brief illness. He was 80. Born and raisedin South Dakota, he served in WWII and graduated fromMacalester College in 1950 through the GI Bill. His talents inlanguages led him to the field of public relations, first for Gen-eral Mills, and then, in 1955, for the newly minted UnitedStates Information Service (USIS). During his 23-year diplo-matic career, he served in Caracas, Milan, Bologna, and twice inRome; Bogota, Washington, DC; and Madrid. He concluded hisUSIS career as the Edward R. Murrow Fellow at Fletcher. Uponhis retirement in 1978 he was an active member of World-Boston and also Executive Director of the International busi-ness Center of New England. He wrote extensively: HowDemocracy Triumphed Over Dictatorship: Public Diplomacy inVenezuela (The American University Press, 1995), From theHidewood: Memories of a Dakota Neighborhood (MinnesotaHistorical Society Press, 1996) and numerous articles, novels,short stories, and essays. Above all, he was a wonderful hus-band and father. Robert Amerson is survived by his wife of 53years, Nancy, and two daughters, Jane Kelly Amerson Lopezand Susan Robb Amerson Hartnett. He also has three grand-children and many nieces, nephews, friends and relativesaround the world.

JOHN H. SPENCER, Fletcher Professor of International Law andAfrican Affairs from 1960 until 1981, passed away on August25, 2005, at the age of 97. He very fondly remembered his stu-dents, friends, and colleagues from Fletcher throughout theyears.

PHYLLIS BERRY WEBBER died on May 24, 2005 at the age of 81.She is fondly remembered as the Registrar of The FletcherSchool, where she worked from 1974 to 1987. Phyllis is sur-vived by her children, Jonathan and Marki Webber, and grand-children Tawna, Chelsea, and Stephen. A memorial service washeld in Nashua, NH on June 4.

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The opinions expressed in this publication are the authors‘ own and do not necessarily represent those of The Fletcher School. Fletcher News welcomes letters on topics covered in this newsletter.The editor reserves the right to edit for space and style. Please send letters to Fletcher News, Office of Development and Alumni Relations, 160 Packard Avenue, Medford, MA 02155;fax 617.627.3659; or e-mail fletcheralum@tufts.edu.

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FLETCHER’S FIFTHANNUAL

TALLOIRES SYMPOSIUM

"The Future of the European Union"2 - 4 June, 2006

Tufts European CenterTalloires, France

Featuring keynote speakers:

His Excellency Jean Francois-Poncet (F’48)Member of the French Senate;

former Foreign Minister of France

His Excellency Wolfgang Ischinger (F’73)New German Ambassador to the

Court of St. James; former GermanAmbassador to the U.S.

For details, please visit

http://fletcher.tufts.edu/alumni/tallories2006/or call +1.617.627.5440

Reunion 2006 — Register now!It’s not too late to register for Reunion 2006, May 19-21! We have

prepared an exciting, informative, and substantive weekend to

welcome you back and help you reconnect with old friends,

fellow alumni, and the Fletcher community.

The following classes will be celebrating reunion:

1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001

Call Ann Carey, Fletcher’s reunion coordinator at:+1.617.627.4833

Save the Date…Fall Reunion 2006

6-8 September 2006

We welcome graduates from the Class of 1956 for their

50th Reunion, as well as graduates of 1934-1955

Fletcher’s Fourth Annual London Symposium

2 December 2006

Fletcher’s Sixth Annual Talloires Symposium

1-5 June 2007