flame made ca based with high co2 septiembre/c20.pdf · ¾nanosized cao sorbents doped with ......

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FlameMade CaBased Nanosorbents with High CO 2 Uptake Efficiency Hong Lu , Sotiris E. Pratsinis , and Panagiotis (Peter) Smirniotis †* †Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Cincinnati, USA ‡Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland 1517 September 2009 Oviedo, Spain

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Page 1: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

Flame‐Made Ca‐Based  Nanosorbents

with High CO2

Uptake Efficiency

Hong Lu†,  Sotiris E. Pratsinis‡,  and  Panagiotis

(Peter) Smirniotis†*

†Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Cincinnati, USA

‡Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, 

ETH Zurich, Switzerland

15‐17 September 2009

Oviedo, Spain

Page 2: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

Separation CO2

, why Calcium‐Based  Sorbents

• Possible technologies for CO2

separation: – Absorption (amine, carbonates, IL)– Adsorption: AC, zeolites, alumina, metal oxides– Membrane separation– Cryogenic distillation

• Calcium‐based sorbents: 

Operation at elevated temperatures (550 ‐ 950 oC)

May be used in post‐ and pre‐combustion systems, in‐situ capture systems, and industrial process stream capture systems.

Major obstacle: performance decay

Challenges for new sorbents:High Capacity and Selectivity, Durability, Fast Kinetics, 

Flue Gas CO2

Recovery Unit

(Using KS‐1 ) 

(http://nett21.gec.jp/JSIM_DATA/AIR/AIR_4/html/Doc_093.html)

Page 3: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

Synthesis of CaO by  Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP)

0.5 M Ca‐naphthenate in 

XyleneL. Mädler et al. J. Aerosol Sci. 2002, 33, 369

An O2‐assisted dispersion spray Seven supporting CH4/O2 flamesThe precursors were dispersed by oxygenFormed nanoparticles collected at a filter 

above the flame 

Precursor Pump

FICCheck Valve O2

CH4

PI

FICCheck Valve

O2Check Valve FIC

Page 4: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

I. Calcium‐Based CO2

Sorbents Made  by Flame Spray Pyrolysis

Page 5: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

XRD Patterns of FSP‐Made Sorbents 

30 40 50 60 70

**

#

# #

##

* **

*

**

#

*

Calcium carbonate

Calcium oxide

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

F1

2 Theta (degree)

******* ##

#

#

#*

F2

******* ###

#

#

*F3

Page 6: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

Percent Weight Change during  Pretreatment of FSP‐Made Sorbents

Sorbent d(nm) CaO% CaCO3

%

F1 48 36(37) 56(55)

F2 41 43(43) 48(48)

F3 34 22(22) 73(73)

0 25 50 75 10040

60

80

100

F1 F2 F3 Temperature

Time (min)

Wei

ght %

dec

reas

ed

200

400

600

800

1000

CaO

CaCO3

Temperature (K

)

Page 7: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

Adsorption of CO2

over FSP‐Made  Sorbents

SorbentsBET SSA 

(m2/gram)

F1 41

F2 47

F3 590 100 200 300

0

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 30

25

50

75

100

70% conversion means1 kg sorbent captured550 g CO2

F1

Mol

ar C

onve

rsio

n/%

Time (min)

F1 F2 F3

T=700 oC

Page 8: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

TEM Images of FSP‐CaO (Top) and CaCO3

‐CaO (Bottom)dBET

=39 nm

Page 9: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

Extended Operation Cycles with Extended Operation Cycles with CaOCaO

by by  FSPFSP

0 10 20 30 40 50

40

60

80

100

T= 700 oC

Mol

ar c

onve

rsio

n/ %

Carbonation/decarbonation cycles

60 min Car/30 min Decar 5 min Car/5 min Decar

0 50 500

0

20

40

60

8050th Cycle

T=700 oC

Mol

ar c

onve

rsio

n (%

)

Time (min)

5 min Car/ 5 min Decar

CaO

+ CO2

CaCO3

Page 10: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

II. Durable Doped‐CaO

Nanosorbents for CO2

Capture

Page 11: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

XRD Patterns of FSP‐Made M/Ca  Sorbents

30 60

2 theta (degree)

Co/Ca=1:10

Cr/Ca=1:10

Si/Ca=1:10

Ti/Ca=1:10

Ce/Ca=1:10

#

# ## # Zr/Ca=1:10#

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

CaCO3

, PDF number: 00047‐1743

Page 12: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

Capture of CO2

over FSP‐Made  Dopant‐Incorporated Sorbents

0 100 200 300

060

70

80

90

DecarbonationCarbonation

T=700 oC

Mol

ar c

onve

rsio

n (C

aO%

)

Time (min)

CaO Co/Ca=1:10 Ti/Ca=1:10 Zr/Ca=1:10 Cr/Ca=1:10 Ce/Ca=1:10 Si/Ca=1:10

Page 13: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

Extended Operation Cycles of FSP‐ Made Dopant‐Incorporated Sorbents

0 25 50 75 1000

25

50

75

100

T=700 oCCarbonation time: 30 min

Mol

ar c

onve

rsio

n (%

)/CaO

Carbonation/decarbonation(cycle)

Zr/Ca=1:10 Ce/Ca=1:10 Ti/Ca=1:10 Si/Ca=1:10 Cr/Ca=1:10 Co/Ca=1:10

Compound Melting 

temperature (oC)

Tammann

temperature (oC)

CaO 2572 1150

CaCO3 1339 533

SiO2 1722 725

CoO 1830 779

TiO2 1843 785

Cr2

O3 2329 1028

CeO2 2400 1064

ZrO2 2709 1218

Page 14: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

XRD Patterns of FSP‐Made Zr/Ca  Sorbents

20 40 60 80

+

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

2 theta (degree)

Zr/Ca=1:50

+

Zr/Ca=1:20

Zr/Ca=1:10

Zr/Ca=1:5

Zr/Ca=3:10

+# # ###

###

++Zr/Ca=1:1

#

+: CaZrO3

, PDF number: 00‐035‐0790; #: CaCO3

, PDF number: 00047‐1743). 

Page 15: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

Evolution of CO2

Capture Capacity of  FSP‐Made Zr/Ca Sorbents with Cycles

0 25 50 75 1001015

50

75

100

T=700 oC

Carbonation time: 30 minMol

ar c

onve

rsio

n (C

aO%

)

Carbonation/decarbonation(cycle)

Zr/Ca=1:50 Zr/Ca=1:20 Zr/Ca=1:10 Zr/Ca=1:5 Zr/Ca=3:10 Zr/Ca=1:1

Zr/Ca ratio XCaO

1st

carbonation

XCaO

100th

carbonation

The 

cycle 

XCaO

started 

to decrease

Ratios 

of 

the 

XCaO

100th to 

the XCaO

, 1st

1:1 14% 16% N.O. 114%

3:10 64% 64% N.O. 100%

1:5 72% 68% ~80 92%

1:10 83% 44% ~30 53%

1:20 88% 34% ~16 39%

1:50 92% 32% ~13 35%

Performance of the Zr/Ca (3:10) does not 

decrease during extended operation.

Page 16: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

The BET SSA & Pore Volume of Various  Sorbents by FSP & Wet Chemical Routes

Sorbents Specific surface area (m2

g‐1) Pore volume (cm3

g‐1)

FSP Si/Ca(1:10) 78 0.34

FSP Ti/Ca(1:10) 61 0.38

FSP Cr/Ca(1:10) 74 0.39

FSP Co/Ca(1:10) 80 0.42

FSP Ce/Ca(1:10) 89 0.42

FSP Zr/Ca(1:10) 74 0.23

FSP Zr/Ca (1:5) 67 0.23

FSP Zr/Ca (3:10) 71 0.24

Wet Zr/Ca (3:10) 6.8 0.07

Typical BET surface areas of CaO

sorbents are 0.5‐20 m2/g (Jose Corellaet al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45 (2006), 6137‐6146)

Page 17: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

Extended Operation Cycles with FSP‐ Made Zr/Ca (3:10) with Vapor

0 25 50 75 100

40

50

60

70

Carbonation at 700 oC, with 10 vol. % H2O

Carbonation at 700 oC

Carbonation/decarbonation (cycle)

Carbonation time = 30 minDecarbonation time = 30 min

Mol

ar c

onve

rsio

n (C

aO%

)

Operation with the presence of water vapor at 700 oC. 

Page 18: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

Extended Operation Cycles with Extended Operation Cycles with  Zr/Ca(3:10) by FSP (T=550Zr/Ca(3:10) by FSP (T=550

ooCC))

0 20 40 600

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Tcar=550 oCCarbonation time: 30 minTdec=700 oCDecarbonation time: 30 min

Mol

ar c

onve

rsio

n (%

)

Carbonation/decarbonation(cycle)

Aerosol Zr/Ca=3:10

Sample TGA PlotsSample TGA Plots

Page 19: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

Summary

CaO sorbents made by flame spray pyrolysis demonstrated high capacity for CO2 uptake due to their nanosize and high surface area.

NanosizedNanosized CaOCaO sorbents doped with sorbents doped with refractory oxides (refractory oxides (ZrZr/Ca=3:10) could exhibit /Ca=3:10) could exhibit high reversibility during cyclic operation. high reversibility during cyclic operation. High and stable activity (above 60 % High and stable activity (above 60 % conversion after 100 continuous conversion after 100 continuous carbonation/carbonation/decarbonationdecarbonation cycles) was cycles) was observed.observed.

Page 20: Flame Made Ca Based with High CO2 septiembre/C20.pdf · ¾Nanosized CaO sorbents doped with ... 10/1/2009 4:10:33 PM

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

•• US Department of Energy for Awarding this Innovative US Department of Energy for Awarding this Innovative  Concepts 

PhaseConcepts 

Phase‐‐I 

Program 

(Grant 

Number 

DEI 

Program 

(Grant 

Number 

DE‐‐FG26FG26‐‐

0303‐‐NT41810).NT41810).

•• Dr. Frank O. Ernst (ETH)Dr. Frank O. Ernst (ETH)