DEVELOPMENTAL TECHNIQUES -FIVE YEAR PLANS

By,P. DARSHANAROLL NO: 13IV SEM IF

Why was it needed???

•When India gained independence its economy was groveling in dust.

• The British had left the Indian Economy crippled and hence the fathers of development formulated the five year plan to develop the Indian Economy.

Who Monitors It?

• The five year plans of India are framed, executed and monitored by The Planning Commission Of India.

• The Planning Commission was set up in March, 1950.

• The draft of the first five year plan was published in July 1951 and was approved in December 1951.

•With the Prime Minister as the ex officio chairman,

The commission has a nominated Deputy Chairman, who has the rank of a Cabinet Minister.

• The first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru presented the first plan to the Parliament of India on December 8, 1951.

HISTORY• Five-Year Plans (FYPs) are centralized and integrated

national economic programs. • Joseph Stalin implemented the first

FYP in the Soviet Union in the late 1920s.• Most communist states and several capitalist countries

subsequently have adopted them.• First Five Year Plan- 1951-1956 • Second Five Year Plan- 1956-1961• Third Plan -1961–1966• Fourth Plan – 1969-1974• Fifth Plan – 1974-1979• Sixth Plan -1980- 1985• Seventh Plan -1985-1990

EIGHTH FIVE YEAR PLAN

1992- 1997

P V NARASIMHA RAO (PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA 1991-1996)

FISHERIES• Against the estimated total potential of about 4.5 lakh tonnes of inland and brackish water fish, it was proposed to reach a production level of 2.7 lakh tonnes by the end of Eighth plan.

• The water area to be covered under fresh water aquiculture would reach more than 4 lakh ha. against the total area of 15 lakh ha. of ponds and tanks.

• In the case of brackish water aquiculture an estimated 65000 ha was brought under aquiculture till the end of Seventh Plan and another 20,000 ha. is expected to be brought under semi intensive culture during the Eighth Plan period.

• Steps would be taken for increasing the availability of fish/prawn seeds through construction of suitable hatcheries especially in the private sector, training of fish farmers, provision of adequate infrastructure such as feed mills, aquiculture implements etc.

• A World Bank Project for development of prawn and fish production from inland and brackish water areas is to be taken up at an estimated cost of US$ 100 million.

• The programme would cover five states over a period of seven years. Brackish water culture would be taken up in 8 districts of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, U.P. and West Bengal.

• It was expected that this project would provide employment to 14,000 shrimp and fish farmers.

• In the marine sector the major thrust would be on motorisation of traditional craft and introduction of intermediate craft of 12-16 metre size for exploiting the off-shore resources.

• Suitable infra- structure for processing of this fish would also be developed. This would require new post-harvest techniques for product development and value addition in order to have better utilisation of these resources.

• In the deep sea sector, organised development of tuna fishery is to be given a thrust. Other important schemes include setting up of "Whole chain" scheme and encouragement of diversified fishing activities.

• Joint venture programmes and leasing of fishing vessel will be stream- lined, making them more acceptable to private entrepreneurs.

•Management and maintenance of fishing harbours would receive adequate support to utilise existing capacity of the landing and berthing facilities. Suitable harbour facility would also be developed for accommodation of deep sea tune vessels.

• Export of marine products is expected to reach a level of about 2,69,800 tonnes valued at Rs.3,077 crores.

• The welfare of fisherman would continue to receive priority attention. A new programme namely, savings-cum-relief would be introduced under which fisherman would make saving of a fixed amount every- day during good fishing season and this would be supplemented by additional contribution from and Centre.

• These would be utilised to disburse a monthly amount to each fishermen family during the lean months.

• The main thrust would be on increasing employment opportunities and sustained fish production by adopting an integrated approach. An additional employment potential of the order of 1.8 lakh person per year during the Eighth Plan is expected.

• Fish production target for Eighth Plan is fixed at 5.5 million tons (28.5 lakh tons marine & 26.5 lakh tons inland). Promotion of aquiculture activities would help in achieving a higher fish production target from inland and brackish water sources.

• The growth rate from aquiculture is expected between five and six percent at a modest level although this may go up in certain states where conductive atmosphere prevails for taking up intensive fish farming.

• The fishery resources potential of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) has been revalidated as 3.9 million tons against the earlier estimation of 4.5 million tons.

• The priority areas of research under Fisheries include research on brackish water fish farming and commercial exploitation of mericulture fish like `Tuna' and exploitation of shell fish, sea-cucumber etc.

• The other areas which will need concentrated research efforts are post-harvest technology for fishing, control of fish diseases and development of high yielding cold fisheries.

• Research in Post-harvest technology in fish culture can prevent a lot of wastage of fish, and lead to development of new products from unconventional fish species.

• Reservoir ecology and management, particularly with respect to fish diseases and their control, can increase fish production to the desired level.

NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN1997-2002

ATAL BIHARI VAJPAYEE (PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA 1998-2004)

OBJECTIVES

• DEVELOPMENT OF FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE:

Assistance to the fish farmers in the form of subsidy for new pond construction, supply of inputs such as fish seed, feed etc.

• INTEGRATED COASTAL AQUACULTURE:

During the period of the ninth five year plan an area of 5000 ha were developed for shrimp culture across India.

An expenditure of about 5.84 crores was estimated.

• DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE FISHERY SECTOR:

Motorization of traditional craft

50% of the cost of engine would be provided as subsidy (subject to a maximum of Rs. 10,000 for Out Board Motors – (OBM) and Rs. 12,000 for In Board Motors – (IBM), which would be equally shared by the centre and the states.

Rs. 6,000 was also provided as grant to fishermen for purchase of gear.

• FISHING HARBOUR FACILITIES AT MAJOR AND MINOR PORTS:

The objective of this scheme was to provide infrastructural facilities viz. jetty, dredging, reclamation, auction halls, slipway, workshop, and navigation facilities etc. for efficient operation of mechanized fishing vessels including deep sea fishing vessel and traditional craft at the fishing harbours.

100% grant was provided to Port Trusts for construction of fishing harbours at major ports. In case of minor fishing harbours and fish landing centers, the cost is shared on 50:50 basis by the centre and the states.

•WELFARE PROGRAMMES FOR FISHERS:

Development of Fishermen Villages (DFV)

Group Accident Insurance (GAI) Scheme for active fishermen.

Saving-Cum-Relief For fishermen (SCR)

TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN

2002-2007

Dr. MANMOHAN SINGH (PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA SINCE 2004)

OBJECTIVES Integrated development of riverine fisheries.

Habitat restoration and fisheries development of upland waters.

Development of reservoir fisheries.

Vertical and horizontal development of aquaculture productivity.

Management of coastal fisheries.

Deep-sea fisheries with equity participation.

Infrastructure development and improved post-harvest management

Aquaculture on par with agriculture.

Gender Programmes.

Implementation of the code of conduct for responsible fisheries.

PROGRAMMES IN TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN:

Enhancing the production of fish and the productivity of fishermen, fisherwomen, fish farmers and the fishing community;

Generating employment and higher income in fisheries sector;

Improving the socio-economic conditions of traditional fishers and ensuring their welfare;

Augmenting the export of marine, brackish and freshwater fin and shellfishes and other aquatic species

Increasing the per capita availability and consumption of fish to about 11 kg per annum;

Adopting an integrated approach to marine and inland fisheries and aquaculture taking into account the needs for responsible and sustainable fisheries and aquaculture;

Conservation of aquatic resources and genetic diversity; and

Strengthening of Post-harvest Infrastructure and Marketing.

Establishment of hatchery for shrimps in coastal states.

Culture of tiger shrimps in saline conditions.

Culture of pearl oyster, edible oysters, mussels and clams.

Assistance to Fisheries Institutes:

i. Fishery Survey of India

ii. Central Institute of Fisheries, Nautical and Engineering Training

iii. Central Institute of Coastal Engineering for Fishery

iv. Integrated Fisheries Project

v. Establishment of Total Aquaculture Technology (TACT) centres for demonstration and training preferably under FFDA/FISHCOPFED.

ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN

2007-2012

Dr. MANMOHAN SINGH (PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA SINCE 2004)

OBJECTIVES IN FISHERIES

Enhancing the production of fish from Indian waters, both marine and inland, on an environmentally sustainable and socially equitable basis;

Address the unexplored potentials of Indian fisheries such as island fisheries and non-food fisheries;

Conservation of aquatic resources and genetic diversity, as also preservation of health of ecosystems;

Increasing profitability of fishers and aqua-farmers through an integrated approach from production to consumption;

Promoting fish as health food and meeting the changing requirements of both domestic and export markets to make the sector globally competitive;

Strengthening of Infrastructure in harvest, post-harvest, value-addition and marketing;

Upliftment of fisher and aqua-farmer communities with gainful employment opportunities and capacity strengthening.

PROJECTED BUDGETARY REQUIREMENTS IN THE XI PLAN Sl. No Schemes Budget (Rs

crores)

1 Marine Fisheries and Mariculture 550.00

2 Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture 1035.00

3 Infrastructure 1242.50

4 Welfare programmes, Governance,Transfer of technology and

Capacitybuilding

497.00

5 Strengthening of Database andInformation networking

78.00

6 Central Institutes 610.54

Total 4013.04

THE DIFFERENT PHASES OF GROWTH IN MARINE SECTOR

1950-1968

PHASE I

Landings predominantly by Non-Mechanized

Craft & Gear

1967-1987

PHASE II

Improved Gear

Materials, Increased

Mechanization, Export

Trade Expansion

etc.

1987-2005

PHASE III

Intensified Mechanised Fishing,

Multi-day fishing,Extension Of Fishing

Grounds, Seasonal Closure Of Fishery.

ACTION POINTS IN 11th FIVE YEAR PLAN

Post harvest handling.

Product diversification.

Value addition and domestic marketing.

Development of coastal and open sea mariculture.

Conservation and stock enhancement through sea ranching.

FADs.

Restoration of threatened critical habitats.

Management Options

Sustain Production

Responsible fishing

Restriction on fishing effort

Restriction on fishing area

Restriction on fishing gear

Enforcement of FMRA

Shift from open to right based access

Increase Production

Deep sea/Oceanic fishing

Utilization of discards and bycatches

Value addition

FADs

Sea ranching

Alternatives (sea farming)

• MARICULTURE Identification of suitable sites along the coastline, Hatcheries and grow-out systems for high value fish, crustaceans, molluscs, sea cucumber, ornamental fishes, Cage culture in open seas & island ecosystems (0.007mt to 0.5mt).

• ENHANCED INLAND FISHERIES Culture-based fisheries in Reservoirs with stocking of advanced fish fingerlings, Pen & Cage culture in large water bodies and Canal fishery development, Resource-specific harvesting techniques, Implementing code of conduct of responsible fisheries.(0.68 mt to 1.12mt)

• COLDWATER FISHERIES Seed production of trout and mahseer, Hill aquaculture, Ranching of streams, Sport fisheries (0.0003mt to 0.001mt)

• COASTAL AQUACULTURE

Increasing water area under aquaculture, from existing 13% of potential area, Diversification of species, from existing shrimp to Sea bass & pearl spot. (0.113mt to 0.25mt)

• FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE

Increase in the coverage of areas of ponds and tanks for fish culture, Reclamation of weed chocked waters, Diversification of species and Intensification of culture practices, Integrated fish farming and wastewater aquaculture to optimize water productivity (2.6145mt to 5.088mt)

ACHIEVEMENTSA. Development of Marine Fisheries

(i) Motorization of traditional craft,

(ii) Safety of fishermen at sea,

(iv) Introduction of intermediate craft of improved design including prototype study of new intermediate vessel design,

(v) Establishment and operation of Vessel Monitoring System,

(vi) Promotion of fuel efficient and environment-friendly fishing practices,

(vii) Management of marine fisheries.

B. Development of Infrastructure and Post Harvest Operations

(i) Establishment of fishing harbours and fish landing centres,

(ii) Strengthening of post-harvest infrastructure,

(iii) Assistance for maintenance dredging of fishing harbours and fish landing centres.

TWELFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN

2012-2017

Dr. MANMOHAN SINGH (PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA SINCE 2004)

OBJECTIVES

• The total fish production is targeted at 11.58 mmt by the end of the Twelfth Plan Period (2016-17). To achieve this growth, it is estimated that the sector would require Rs. 6 000 crores for the Twelfth Plan period.

• Enhancing production of fish on an environmentally sustainable and socially equitable basis;

• Ensuring optimum exploitation of fisheries resources in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone in a manner consistent with the principles of ecologically sustainable development;

• Conserving aquatic resources and genetic diversity and preservation of health of ecosystems while ensuring bio-security;

• Maximizing net economic returns to the fishers and fish farmers through technological support and implementing efficient and cost –effective aquaculture and fisheries management practices;

• Strengthening infrastructure in harvest, post-harvest, value-addition and marketing;

• Increasing the per capita availability and consumption of fish to about 11kg/capita/annum;

• Augmenting export of fish and fish products;

• Securing and increasing employment opportunities in the sector;

• Improving safety and labour conditions in fisheries and aquaculture;

• Uplifting the social and economic conditions of fishers and fish farmers and ensuring their welfare; and

• Improving overall governance and management of fisheries sector in the country through institutional strengthening and human resource development.

DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE FISHERIES

• Motorization of traditional craft

• Use of sail in motorized boats

• Conversion of trawlers to resource specific fishing vessels

• Safety of fishermen at sea

• Development of Monitoring, Control and Surveillance system for marine fisheries

• Production enhancement through mariculture

DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE

• Construction and expansion of Minor Fishing Harbours (FHs) and Fish Landing Centres (FLCs)

• Modernization of FHs and FLCs

• Strengthening of postharvest infrastructure

• Developing fish preservation and storage infrastructure

• Assistance for maintenance dredging of FHs and FLCs

DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC FISH MARKETING

•Modernization of wholesale fish markets

•Modernization of retail markets

• Construction of new retail market with 10-20 stall capacity

• Cold chain development and preparation of value added products.

• Establishment of ice plants.

• Campaign for promotion of fish products and increased consumption of fish and fish products.

DEVELOPMENT OF INLAND FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

• Identification of riverine stretches for conservation as sanctuaries, primarily for maintaining brood stock populations and genetic biodiversity;

• Replenishment of depleted stocks through river ranching in selected stretches;

• Conservation/protection of breeding grounds of commercially important fish species;

• Habitat improvements in floodplain lakes and wetlands and supplementary stocking in identified water bodies for stock enhancement; and

• Community mobilization for increased participation of local communities in implementation of conservation and habitat improvement programmes.

NATIONAL SCHEME FOR WELFARE OF FISHERMEN AND

FISHERWOMEN• Development of Model Fishermen Villages.

• Group Accident Insurance for Active Fishers.

• Saving-cum-Relief Scheme.

APPROACH

• Treating fisheries and aquaculture at par with agriculture;

• Leasing of inland natural and manmade waters such as rivers, reservoirs, floodplain lakes, etc for fisheries and aquaculture purposes;

• Conservation and habitat restoration of inland water bodies,

• Introduction of exotic aquatic species;

• Insurance for aquaculture and capture fisheries’ assets such as boats, nets, etc;

• Reducing pollution load in inland water bodies;

• Deep sea fishing;

• Leasing of coastal waters for mariculture purpose;

• Occupational safety and health aspects of fishers;

• Strengthening of fisheries cooperative societies;

• Human resource development in fisheries sector;

IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS IN THE LEGISLATIVE FRONT

• Revision of the Marine Fishing Regulation Acts (MFRAs) through a Model Bill that takes care of the topical requirements of the sector from both national and international perspectives;

• Renewed emphasis on the Model Bill prepared for Inland fisheries and aquaculture; and

• New legislation to regulate fishing by wholly Indian owned fishing vessels in the Exclusive Economic Zone.

THANK YOU