Five Kingdoms of Living ThingsThe Amazing Diversity Of Living Systems

What are KINGDOMS?

In the naming systems that biologists use, the broadest categories of life are kingdoms.

THE ORGANIZATION OF LIVING THINGS CAN BE SEEN LIKE A PYRAMID OR TREE WITH SEVEN MAJOR LEVELS OR CATEGORIES:

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

TAXONOMY: the branch of science that studies and names living things.

Why do we classify things?

• Classification provides scientists and students a way to sort and group organisms for easier study.

• It helps us understand how organisms are related and connected.

• Classification helps scientists predict evolutionary tendencies.

Kingdom Monerans

Most ancient forms of lifeOne-celled organisms without a nucleus (prokaryotic)Can be animal like - must absorb food to survive Can be plant like – make their own food through photosynthesis

Kingdom Protists

Single-celled organisms with a nucleus (Eurkaryotic)Larger than Bacteriacytoplasm is more complexSome are animal likeSome are plant like

Monerans and Protist: similarities and differencesSimilarities• microscopic• Single-celled• Some are plant like and

can make their own food (autotrophic) • some are animal like and

must get food from the environment (heterotrophic)

Differences• Protists have a true

nucleus (eukaryote)• Monerans don’t have a

true nucleus (prokaryote)

Kingdom Fungi

Multi-cellular organismsCannot make their own food – they absorb nutrients from the environment

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT FUNGI

Kingdom Fungi contains single-celled organisms (yeast)as well as multicelled organisms. (mushrooms, mold)

Mold are multi-cellular fungi. A well known example isPenicillium was originally used to produce antibiotic penicillin

Fungi absorb food from their environment.

Additional Information about Fungi

How do they eat?

• The mode of nutrition or the manner in which fungi "eat" is called absorption. Among eukaryotes, absorption is unique to the fungi.

• They excrete enzymes which digest food.• Digested food is absorbed by fungus.• Fungi are decomposers.

Kingdom of Plants

complex muliti-cellular organismscan trap the energy of sunlight by photosynthesis (autotrophs)spend entire life in one place - no locomotionmove their bodies to capture the most sunlight

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT PLANTS

Photosynthesis is the process that allows plants to take energy from the Sun and create sugars.

photosynthesis happens in the chloroplast,organelles in the cells.

PLANTS

Plants also have cell walls. While cell membranes might be around every cell, cell walls made of cellulose are only found around plant cells.

Cell walls help a plant keep its shape.

Animal Kingdom

Complex organismsCannot make their own food (heterotrophs)Very activeA huge variety of body types and feeding styles

Some characteristics of living organisms.

• Add them to your mind map

They have a nucleus (eukaryotes)They don’t have a nucleus (prokaryotes)They have chloroplastsThey are single-celledThey are multi-celledThey are decomposersThey are consumersThey lack cell structure but they have genetic materialThey can be both single-celled and multi-celledThey are microscopic