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Pipe Fittings

Pipe Fittings is a group of products which form part of a Piping System. Fittings are generally used in the piping system to facilitate changes in fluid direction, branching out fluid flow from the main pipe or making reduction in the main pipe line size. Pipe Fittings can be classified into Seamless B/W Fittings, Welded B/W Fittings and Forged Screwed or Socket Weld Fittings. Screwed and Socket Weld Fittings perform the same basic functions as Butt – Weld Fittings. There are, however, few differences between them. Screwed and Socket Weld Fittings are normally reserved for installations using fittings 4” and smaller. The Socket Weld fitting is replacing the Screwed Fitting as the choice of many fabricators because it offers greater strength. The Pipe Fittings comprise of the following main products. 1. Elbows – Elbow is the one most often used of all the fittings. Simply put, an Elbow (or Ell) is used when a pipe changes direction. Elbows can turn up or down, left or right, or any angle in between. 2. Tee – The name of this fitting comes from its resemblance to the letter T. It is a three way fitting used to make perpendicular connections to a pipe. Lines that connect to the main run of pipe are known as branches. The main run of the pipe is often called the header. 3. Reducers – When a Piping designer wants to reduce the diameter of a straight run of pipe, a reducing fitting must be used. Appropriately named, the reducer is available in two styles 1) Concentric – having a common center line 2) Eccentric – having offset center lines. 4. Coupling – Another type of fitting used to make branch connections is the coupling. Coupling is primarily used for connecting small bore screwed and socket weld pipe to large bore pipe headers. 5. Cross – Cross is a fitting with four branches in upright and transverse form, used as a junction for intersecting pipes. 6. Stub End – Another method of making a branch connection is called a stub – in. The stub – in is most commonly used as an alternative to the reducing tee. A hole is bored into the header pipe, either the size of the OD or ID of the branch, and the branch is then stubbed into it. The two pipes are fitted together & welded. 7. Plug – The plug, like a cap, is designed to close off the end of a run of pipe. Plugs are manufactured for screwed fittings with male threads and are screwed into the end of a pipe to create a seal. 8. Union – A union, is a fitting placed with in a piping configuration that will allow the assembly to be disassembled for inspection, repair or replacement. Unions are manufactured for screwed and socket weld applications. Unions are positioned in locations that will facilitate the easy removal of critical pieces of equipment. 9. Boss – Boss Fitting is an object that is usually welded on to the side of a piece of pipe. The outlet port of the fitting can consist of threads or a welded connection.

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10. Pipe Nipples – By design, screwed and socket weld fittings can not be assembled by placing one fitting directly in contact with another fitting. Screwed Fittings are manufactured with threads on the inside of the fitting and Socket Weld fittings have an internal socket that prevents fitting makeup assembly. To facilitate the assembly of screwed & socket weld fittings, small lengths of pipe called Pipe Nipples are used between fittings.

11. Swage – Swages are functionally similar to reducers but are specifically designed for screwed & socket weld pipe. Screwed Swages have male (external) threads and can be connected to other screwed fittings without the use of a Pipe Nipple. Swages are used to make reductions in the line size on a straight run of pipe. Swages, like reducers, are available in either a concentric or eccentric shape. 12. Cap – Cap, as the name suggests, is used to seal an open end of pipe. 13. Bush – Bush is a Pipe Fitting which is threaded on both the inside and the outside so that it can be used to connect two pipes (or other fittings) of different sizes. 14. O – Lets – O – Lets have one end shaped to the contour of the header and the other end manufactured to accept the type of end connections being used on the branch. Weldolets are manufactured for butt – weld fittings, Sockolets are made for socket weld fittings and threadolets are available for screwed fittings. Other O – Lets (like Elbolet & Latrolet) are manufactured to be used to make connections at angles other than 90 degrees. 15. Thermowell – A Thermowell is a pressure tight receptacle designed to accept a temperature sensing element into a vessel or pipe. A thermowell acts as a barrier between a process medium and

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SEAMLESS B/W FITTINGS

(As per Material Standards : ASTM A234, ASTM A403, ASTM A420, ASTM A860, ASTM B366, IS 1239 & MSS SP - 75 )

(As per Dimensional Standards : ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B 16.28, DIN 2605 / DIN 2606, MSS-SP-43, MSS-SP-75)

Pipe Fitting Range - NB

ELBOWS (45°) - SHORT RADIUS (SR) 1/2” to 20”

ELBOWS (90°) - SHORT RADIUS (SR) 1/2” to 20”

ELBOWS (90°) - LONG RADIUS (LR) ½” to 24”

ELBOWS (45°) - LONG RADIUS (LR) ½” to 24”

ELBOWS (180°) - LONG RADIUS (LR) ½” to 24”

PRODUCT RANGE

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STRAIGHT TEE 2” to 24”

REDUCING TEE 2” to 24”

REDUCER -CONCENTRIC 2” to 24”

REDUCER - ECCENTRIC 2” to 24"

CAPS 2” to 128"

CROSS - EQUAL

2” to 24”

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CROSS - REDUCING

2” to 16”

STUB END 2” to 24”

Other / Equivalent Dimensional Standards in ASME, MSS SP, API, DIN, BS, JIS & IS can also be followed as per applicability.

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WELDED B/W FITTINGS

(As per Material Standards : ASTM A234, ASTM A403, ASTM A420, ASTM A860, ASTM B366, IS 1239 & MSS SP - 75 )

(As per Dimensional Standards : ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, DIN 2605 / DIN 2606, MSS-SP-43, MSS-SP-75)

Pipe Fitting Range - NB

ELBOWS (45°) - SHORT RADIUS (SR) 2” to 72 “

ELBOWS (90°) - SHORT RADIUS (SR) 2” to 72”

ELBOWS (90°) - LONG RADIUS (LR) 2” to 72”

ELBOWS (45°) - LONG RADIUS (LR) 2” to 72”

ELBOWS (180°) - LONG RADIUS (LR) 2” to 32”

PRODUCT RANGE

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STRAIGHT TEE 2” to 72”

REDUCING TEE 2” to 72”

REDUCER -CONCENTRIC 8” to 100”

REDUCER - ECCENTRIC 8” to 100”

CROSS - EQUAL 8” to 30”

CROSS - REDUCING 8” to 30”

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STUB END 4” to 40”

Other / Equivalent Dimensional Standards in ASME, MSS SP, API, DIN, BS, JIS & IS can also be followed as per applicability.

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FORGED FITTINGS – Socket Weld & Screwed

(As per Material Standards : ASTM A105, ASTM A182, ASTM A312, ASTM A320, ASTM A333, ASTM A350 & IS 1239 )

(As per Dimensional Standards : ASME /ANSI B16.11, ANSI B36.10, MSS SP– 79, MSS SP– 83, MSS SP - 95, MSS SP – 97, BS 3799 & IS 1239)

ELBOWS -45° ½” to 4”

ELBOWS -90° ½” to 4”

TEE - EQUAL ½” to 4”

TEE - UNEQUAL ½” to 4”

REDUCER - CONCENTRIC ½” to 4”

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REDUCER - ECCENTRIC ½” to 4”

HALF COUPLINGS

½” to 4”

FULL COUPLINGS ½” to 4”

CROSS – EQUAL ½” to 4”

CROSS –REDUCING ½” to 4”

STUB END ½” to 2”

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PLUGS (HEX, ROUND & SQUARE HEADED) ½” to 4”

UNION ½” to 4”

BOSS

½” to 4”

PIPE NIPPLES ½” to 4”

SWAGE NIPPLES -CONCENTRIC ½” to 4”

SWAGE NIPPLES -ECCENTRIC ½” to 4”

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CAP ½” to 4”

BUSH ½” to 4”

ELBOWLETS ½” to 4”

THREADOLETS ½” to 4”

SOCOLETS ½” to 4”

WELDOLETS ½” to 36”

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NIPPOLETS ½” to 4”

LATEROLETS ½” to 4”

SWEEPOLETS ½” to 4”

FLANGOLETS ½” to 2”

THERMOWELL ½” to 2”

Other / Equivalent Dimensional Standards in ASME, MSS SP, API, DIN, BS, JIS & IS can also be followed as per applicability.