1

CAUSES OF FISTULAE

I\ CONGNITAL

1. URETHRAL (patulous urethra)2. URETRAL (ectopic ureter)3. Bladder ( ectopea vesicae)

2

II\ VASCULAR

1. ISCHEMIC (URETER LIAGATION)2. NECROTIC (OBST. LABOUR)

3

III\ DISEASES

1. T.B.2. BILHARZEASES3. INFLAMTION ( ULCER) 4. Crohn’s disease

4

B\ MALIGNAT

1. BLADDER TUMORS2. UTERINE TUMORS3. CERVICAL TUMORS4. COLON TUMORS5. PELVIOABDOMINAL TUMORS

5

IV\ TRUMATICA\ DIRECT TRUMA1. MEDICAL INTERVENTION-C\S-TAH-REPAIR-LAPROTOMY-FORCEPS2. LACERATION (extended cx. tear)3.Accedental - Road traffic accident - Gun shot

6

B\ INDIRECT TRUMA

• FORIGN BODY- VESICAL STONE- LOOP- SLING

7

V\ MANEGMENT

Radiotherapy