Parallel Sessions 1-B, Parallel Session # 3

Knowledge and Information Tools for Supporting

Agriculture and Food Security Strategies in Asia

Hyatt Regency Hotel, Kathmandu, Nepal

1400, Day One, Monday, November 14th, 2011

Sustainability of Small-scale Fisheries and Aquaculture Sub-sector s

Michael D Pido, PhD

Palawan State University, Philippines Maripaz L Perez, PhD Len R Garces, MSc

The WorldFish Center, Philippine Country Office, Philippines Nerissa G Salayo, PhD

Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Iloilo, Philippines

Is Managing the Fishery

Becoming 'A Dog's Breakfast’? (John Doohan, Chairman, Sunfish March 1998, p 2)

Outline

1. Importance of small-scale fisheries

and aquaculture sub-sectors

2. Key sub-sectors problems/issues

3. Technological innovations and governance

improvements

4. Moving forward

Fisheries Sub-sector 1. Capture fisheries

1. Commercial

2. Municipal

2. Aquaculture

3. Post-harvest

Source: BFAR

Philippine Fisheries: importance

Source: BFAR

Philippine Fisheries: trends by sub-sector

Commercial Municipal

Aquaculture

1

Higher

production

volume

More gains

from trade

Production (million mt)

World Rank

Country Growth Rate Past Decade (%)

1.7 3rd Vietnam 17.6

1.4 4th Thailand 4.9

1.3 5th Indonesia 11.2

0.62 10th Philippines 10.3

0.03 14th Cambodia 28.6

0.01 17th Singapore 25.9

Rapid aquaculture growth in Southeast Asia

Outline

1. Importance of small-scale fisheries and

aquaculture sub-sectors

2. Key sub-sectors problems/issues

3. Technological innovations and governance

improvements

4. Moving forward

Threats to Fishery Resources

and Habitats

All Photo credits: PCSDS

1

National defense

5

Human

Settlements

2

Fisheries

4

Energy

3

Tourism

Versus

Multiple-use conflicts

Conservation

1. Philippine Fisheries

Code of 1998

2. National Integrated

Protected Areas System Act of 1992

Utilization

1. Agriculture and

Fisheries Modernization

Act of 1997

2. Philippine Mining Act

of 1995

Policy Tug-of-War

•US$ 4.2 million losses

•fishkill was man-made

•12,000 fish cages in lake

twice its carrying

capacity

“Greed, not climate, caused fishkill in

Taal Lake and Pangasinan, Philippines”

Senator Pangilinan, 9 June 2011

Photo: GA Corpuz, www.bulatlat.com

Socio-economic issues in aquaculture

1. Polarity of stakeholder status

2. Technology & production cost dualism

3. Social conflicts & economic loss arise from

misguided choices among competing uses

4. Cost of habitat rehabilitation beyond capacity of

governments

chemicals & effluents

factories

peri-urban aquaculture: Vietnam

overfeeding

Greater poverty

More resource use conflict

Reduced contribution to economy

Unsustainable management of

Philippine Fisheries

Inadequate fishery management systems and structure

Post harvest losses

Uncompetitive products

Unrealized full potential of

aquaculture and commercial

fishing grounds

Intensified resource use competition

Degraded fishery habitats

Depleted fishery

resources

Source: DA-BFAR 2006 Key problems/issues in Philippine fisheries

Exacerbating Fisheries Challenge!

• Situation difficult without climate change

• Fisheries: common pool resource

• Fishing as employer of last resort

• Vulnerable sector

Outline

1. Importance of small-scale fisheries and

aquaculture sub-sectors

2. Key sub-sectors problems/issues

3. Technological innovations and

governance improvements

4. Moving forward

Establishment of Fish Sanctuaries

All photo credits: City Agriculture Office, PPC

All photo credits: City Agriculture Office, PPC

Mangrove Restoration

Livelihood Trainings

Fish Processing

Fish Processing

Fish Processing

Nipa Plantation

Mud Crab Culture

Seaweeds Culture

Seaweeds Culture

Tourism

All photo credits: City Agriculture Office, PPC

Fish Processing Fish Processing

Fish Processing

Establishment of Bay Watch

(Bantay Dagat)

All photo credits: City Agriculture Office, PPC

North

West

West

Central

West

Sulu

Sea

South

South

East

East

Central

North

East

Integrated Fisheries Management Units (FOO of BFAR)

Source: FISH Project / G. Silvestre

1

Enhancing role of aquaculture in food,

income & livelihood security

a) develop small & medium aquaculture enterprises (SMEs)

b) conduct price, market and value-chain studies

c) address training needs, capitalization & other production

factors of diverse types of aquaculture stakeholders

d) enhance public-private partnerships (PPPs) in capital

investments & market development

e) prioritize policy research to identify regulations that support

socially equitable fish production and livelihood programs

Promoting sustainable aquaculture through

enabling policies that support management

of natural & environmental resources

mariculture technology for small scale operators

Policies to address:

• resource use costs

(fry & feeds from wild)

• resource use conflicts

• environmental impacts &

valuation of externalities

1

Enabling mechanisms, institutions &

infrastructures to encourage adoption of

better aquaculture practices

R&D plan of action:

• developing policies to

assess compliance to

CCRF- Aquaculture

• bioeconomic modelling to

evaluate sustainability of

aquaculture systems

1

Enabling mechanisms, institutions &

infrastructures to encourage adoption of

better aquaculture practices (cont.)

R&D plan of action:

• comparative cost-benefit

analysis of improved

aquaculture systems e.g.

biosecurity measures,

recirculating system

Agree-Build-Operate-Transfer

Aquaculture Business

“SEAFDEC AQD packages and builds

science-based ready-for-handover

operational businesses for new and

re-focusing entrepreneurs of our clients.”

SEAFDEC/AQD Programs to encourage

adoption of better aquaculture practices

Institutional Capacity Development for

Sustainable Aquaculture (ICDSA)

SEAFDEC/AQD Programs to encourage adoption of better aquaculture practices

Build capacity of:

• local government

• community-based organizations

• non-government organizations

• fishery schools

• other “on-the-ground” institutions

on sustainable aquaculture

1

Understanding & improving linkages from production

to marketing & trade of fishery products to support

small & medium enterprise (SME) development

Example of SME: Tilapia Hatchery

•Broodstock development, selection

•Hatching

•Size grading

•Nursery rearing

•Marketing

Source: Eguia, RV. 2007. ABOT AquaNegosyo: Tilapia hatchery production

Improve support & linkages

Outline

1. Importance of small-scale fisheries and

aquaculture sub-sectors

2. Key sub-sectors problems/issues

3. Technological innovations and governance

improvements

4. Moving forward

Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF)

• EAF defined as “managing fisheries in a

manner that addresses multiple needs and

desires of society, without jeopardizing

options for future generations, to benefit

from the full range of goods and services

provided by marine ecosystems” (FAO 2003)

1

Collaborative R&D on regional assessment of

role of aquaculture in poverty alleviation &

provide basis for policy formulation

1

Prioritize budget & logistics on impacts of

climate change & global trade on

aquaculture with emphasis on small-holder

fish farmers

off-shore reef fish farmers: vulnerable livelihoods & resources

in Coral Triangle Area – Center of Biodiversity

groupers: high demand & incomes

Depleted fishery resources

Degraded fishery habitats

Intensified resource use

competition and conflict

Post-harvest losses

Greater poverty among fishing

households

Declining contribution of

fisheries to local and national

economy

1. Sustain 2. Protect 3. Develop 4. Capacitate 5. Institutionalize 6. Communicate

Problems/Issues Strategies

Core strategies to address the key problems/issues about

small-scale fisheries in the Philippines

Expanding the Sustainability

Constructs

Sustainability of

aquaculture and

capture fisheries Social

Political

Administrative

Environmental

Biological

Economic

Integration of fisheries with other

economic sectors