Fisheries * & Oceanography* & Marine Affairs: An overview ~

Louise M. RichardsFebruary 5, 2010

*Note: they are quite different, despite both being wet!

Degrees Offered

Number of Majors

FTE Student Credit Hours

Course Registration

s

Est.

COFS Total 1,458 128 16,044 4,827 1981

Oceanography

B.S.M.S. Ph.D.

1904

Aquatic and Fishery

Sciences

B.S.M.S.Ph.D.

1919

Marine Affairs M.A. 1972

Washington Sea Grant

n/a 1968

Applied Physics

Laboratory

APL is largely a research group w/ its own library. 1943

Comparing the programs (FY2007 data)

Facilities owned or leased by COFS◦ www.washington.edu/provost/oim/dmc/institution

al/reports/cofs.pdf

New Research Awards in FY2007: $89,468,286

More about COFS

The Thompson and the Barnes(UNOLS: University-National Oceanographic Laboratory

System at http://www.unols.org/) Alaska Salmon Program at

http://fish.washington.edu/research/alaska/maps-photos/maps/map_alaska.html . Three field stations in Southwestern Alaska.

Big Beef Creek at http://www.washington.edu/research/field/beef.html . 40 acres of tideland in Seabeck, WA, on Hood Canal

Friday Harbor Labs

Field Programs in COFS

And the hatchery

here: http://www.cofs.washington.edu/ to here: http://coenv.washington.edu/ Some programs have already made the

move, including the ◦ School of Marine Affairs (

http://www.sma.washington.edu/)◦ CQS (http://depts.washington.edu/cqs/) ◦ JISAO (http://jisao.washington.edu/)◦ Washington Sea Grant Program (

http://wsg.washington.edu/)

COFS is moving from

Environmental Degradation in the Tropics Marine Resource Management National Marine Policy Processes Marine Policy Analysis US Ocean and Coastal Law Research in Regional governance

School of Marine Affairs Courses

Water and Society Microbial Ecology and Evolution Biology of Fishes Aquatic Physiology Climate Change and Marine Ecology Marine Biology (with Ocean and Biology) Forest and Fisheries Interactions Fish Diseases Marine Mammalogy Conservation Genetics

SAFS Courses

Introduction to Oceanography Ocean Circulation and Climate Design of Oceanographic Field Experiments Advanced Field Oceanography (capstone

classes) Special Topics in Biological Oceanography Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Continental Margin Sedimentation Zooplankton Ecology Benthic Biological Processes

Oceanography classes

Biological OceanographyChemical Oceanography Marine Geology and GeophysicsPhysical Oceanography

Four Areas of Study in Oceanography

“More than 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans, and more than 99% of the Earth’s biosphere volume is contained in seawater. In the ocean, the pelagic realm is the largest habitat, and here, plankton account for the greatest number of organisms and also for the majority of biomass.”

“Globally, the number of plankton organisms is estimated to be more than several-fold 1028 …

“Even with so much yet unknown, it seems important that all these elements of the pelagic component need to be considered if comprehensive solutions are sought to maintain biodiversity, to sustain the harvest of fishery resources, and to mitigate climate change. Earth’s real biodiversity, it has been said (Nee 2004), is invisible to the naked eye, whether we like it or not.”

Marine Macroecology, edited by Jon D. Witman and Kaustuv Roy. Plankton populations and communities, Chapter 2. William K. W. Li, pp. 29-30.

Biological Oceanography

Very interdisciplinary fields. Statistics, physics, chemistry, geology, zoology, biology, law and more!

Marine Biology or Biological Oceanography? Collection from Fish-Ocean Library: ~70,000

volumes.

Miscellaneous observations

Marine ZonesCredit: Robert D. Vaillancourt   Doherty Associate Research Scientist Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~vaillanc/FDU04_Syllabus

Environmental factors in the marine environment include:-temperature-salinity-pressure-nutrients-dissolved gases-currents-light-suspended sediments-substrate (bottom material)-river inflow-tides and waves

Credit: Robert D. Vaillancourt   Doherty Associate Research Scientist Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~vaillanc/FDU04_Syllabus

What controls the marine environment?

• Temp ranges in ocean between -2 to ca. 40 C.

• More than 90% of ocean is <5 C.

• Temperature can control distribution, degree of activity, and reproduction of an organism.

• Temperature controls the rate of chemical reactions within organisms, thus their rate of growth and activity.

– Most organisms in the ocean are ‘cold-blooded’ or ectothermic.– 10oC rise in temperature, doubles the activity

Credit: Robert D. Vaillancourt   Doherty Associate Research Scientist Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~vaillanc/FDU04_Syllabus

A few facts about the ocean

Difficulty in sampling organisms Reaching and studying the deep sea

◦ Ocean Observatories Initiative: http://www.oceanleadership.org/programs-and-partnerships/ocean-observing/ooi/ \

◦ http://www.ooi.washington.edu/portal/Observatories Oceanography from space The ocean as a carbon sink: “The world’s oceans contain

approximately 50 times the amount of carbon stored in the atmosphere and nearly 10 times the amount stored in plants and soils.”

Ocean acidification: ”…studies indicate that as more CO2 enters the ocean from the atmosphere, the surface waters are becoming more acidic.” http://www.eoearth.org/article/Carbon_capture_and_storage

Issues/developments in Oceanography

Ecosystem approach Fishery time-series Characterization of habitats Environmental features and effect on

marine resources

Research Trends in Fisheries

Sustainability in fisheries and aquaculture Introduced species Climate change Habitat destruction Restoring biodiversity Salmon and dams in the Pacific Northwest Hypoxia Stock depletion

Fisheries Controversies and Issues

Coastal Management Marine Chemistry

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Nature

Limnology and Oceanography Science

Marine Biology Deep-Sea Research

Marine Ecology Progress Series Aquaculture

North American Journal of Fisheries Management

Marine Geology

Marine and Freshwater Research Journal of Fish Diseases

Fisheries Oceanography Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

Hydrobiologia Freshwater Biology

Marine Pollution Bulletin Journal of Marine Systems

Lake & Reservoir Management Aquaculture

Estuaries and Coasts Transactions of the American Fisheries Society

Fishery Bulletin ICES Journal of Marine Science

UW Researchers Publish in these Journals

Society journals less expensive Federal and state governments documents

are born digital; Web searching to find them Conference proceedings are born digital Journal prices increases continue For a discussion, see Fisheries, 34(12) December 2009

Maintaining the Competitiveness of the American Fisheries Society Journals: An Assessment Based on Influence and Cost-Effectiveness. The Publications Overview Committee reviews the AFS journals with respect to their influence and value, and provides recommendations for improving them. David A. Hewitt, Jason S. Link, David H. Wahl, Steven J. Cooke, and Martha E Mather

Publishing Trends

American Fisheries Society American Geophysical Union (Journal of

Geophysical Research, Section C. Oceans) American Society of Limnology and

Oceanography Blackwell Elsevier Fisheries and Oceans Canada Island Press NOAA University Presses

Key Publishers

1. The Sea | The Sea, ideas and observations on progress in the study of the seas (full series title)

2. OCSEAP | Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program

3. AFS | American Fisheries Society4. PSAMP | Puget Sound Ambient Monitoring Program5. FRI-UW | University of Washington Fisheries Research

Institute.6. MIT-WHOI | Joint MIT-Woods Hole program in Oceanography,

Technical Report Series. See https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/community-list

7. GEBCO | General bathymetric chart of the oceans 8. WDFW | Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife9. US Fish Commission (Try United States Fish Commission as

author)

Acronyms, etc.

FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, www.fao.org. Worldwide statistics. Many publications. Aquaculture and fisheries. UW has many print publications.

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO: http://www.ioc-unesco.org/ . See especially UN Atlas of the Oceans: http://www.oceansatlas.org/index.jsp

IUCN, International Union for the Conservation of Nature: http://www.iucn.org/.◦ See IUCN Red List: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ . Blue Whale at

http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/2477/0 and Staghorn Coral at http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/133381/0

◦ Search Assessment, then select for example Critically Endangered. 3,325 species are critically endangered.

CITES, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora: http://www.cites.org/

European Union. See http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/04/world/europe/04tuna.html

International Organizations

United States, NOAA: www.noaa.gov ◦ Indispensable! ◦ NOAA Fisheries Glossary, 2006 at

www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st4/documents/FishGlossary.pdf Fisheries and Oceans Canada,

http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/index-eng.htm Mexico Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development,

Fisheries and Food, http://www.sagarpa.gob.mx/English/Pages/Introduction.aspx

Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, http://www.daff.gov.au/

Japan Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, http://www.maff.go.jp/e/index.html

See this FDA list for more: http://www.fda.gov/InternationalPrograms/Agreements/ucm131179.htm

National

PICES, North Pacific Marine Science Organization: www.pices.int◦ Marine Ecosystems of the North Pacific:

http://www.pices.int/publications/special_publications/NPESR/2005/npesr_2005.aspx

ICES, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. http://www.ices.dk/indexfla.asp

Helsinki Commission, Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commissionhttp://www.helcom.fi/home/en_GB/welcome/. See Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings

Regional Organizations

International Halibut Commission, http://www.iphc.washington.edu/halcom/ (Canada and the United States)

Pacific Salmon Commission, http://www.psc.org/

United States and Canada

http://www.fisherycouncils.org/ Stakeholders develop management plans

for regional fisheries North Pacific Fishery Management Council

covers Alaska Pacific Fishery Management Council covers

Washington, Oregon and California. Based inPortland. ◦ http://www.pcouncil.org◦ Online publications like Pacific Council News have

statistics and limits information.

US Regional Fishery Councils

Washington State Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, http://wdfw.wa.gov/

Washington State Department of Ecology British Columbia, Ocean and Marine Fisheries Branch,

http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/omfd/ ◦ Statistics on landings (Landings:

1. The number or poundage of fish unloaded bycommercial fishermen or brought to shore byrecreational fishermen for personal use, and other reports).

Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, www.dfw.state.or.us/ Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, www.nwifc.org Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, http://www.psmfc.org/

(California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Alaska)

Pacific Northwest Organizations

MBL/WHOI: http://mblwhoilibrary.mbl.edu/

Scripps Institution of Oceanography: http://cassi.cas.org/search.jsp

NOAA Central Library: http://www.lib.noaa.gov/

Great Marine Libraries

Avano: http://www.ifremer.fr/avano/ ◦ 203,660 electronic resources about the marine and

aquatic sciences◦ Search for eelgrass: Yields 131, including

http://www.ifremer.fr/avano/simple.jsp?pos=4&display=notice

◦ And “university of washington”, 939 results including the senior theses of the Ocean 444 class.

Scripps Repository: http://escholarship.org/uc/sio

Fish Bulletin, California Fish and Game: http://ceo.ucsd.edu/fishbull/

Repositories

FishBase: http://fishbase.org/ Catalog of Fishes (California Academy of

Sciences): http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp *

Northeast Pacific Ichthyoplankton Information System (NOAA): http://access.afsc.noaa.gov/ichthyo/index.cfm

*William Eschmeyer, author. 1998 print edition in three volumes available at

 Suzzallo/Allen Stacks  QL618 .C38  

Fish Questions?

Finding Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus) Information Chinook

salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) a.k.a. king salmon

chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) a.k.a. dog salmon

coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) a.k.a. silver salmon,

pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) a.k.a. humpback salmon

sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) a.k.a. red salmon.

The steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss *) is a rainbow trout that has spent a part of its life in the sea.

Coastal Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchusclarki clarki

Search UW-only catalog for (puget sound) and (marine or fish or fisheries or aquatic) in Keywords. 1,079 results.

BIOSIS: 757 citations Zoological Record: 585 citations NTIS: 583 citations ASFA: 2572 citations; 842 peer-reviewed journals WoS, SCI only: 528 peer-reviewed journals CAB Abstracts: 154 citations GeoRef: 266 citations GEOBASE: 347 citations WorldCatLocal search all: 111 records

Puget Sound

Books:◦ Atlas of physical and chemical properties of Puget Sound and its approaches, by

Eugene E. Collias, Noel McGary, and Clifford A. Barnes Pub Info Seattle, Distributed by the University of Washington Press [1974]

◦ Downing, John, 1946- The coast of Puget Sound : its processes and development / John Downing Pub Info Seattle : Washington Sea Grant : Distributed by the University of Washington Press, 1983

◦ Burns, Robert, 1925- The shape & form of Puget Sound / Robert Burns Pub Info Seattle : Washington Sea Grant : Distributed by University of Washington Press, 1985

Puget Sound Partnership, http://www.psp.wa.gov/ ◦ http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2010975682_stateofth

esound04.html

People for Puget Sound, http://www.pugetsound.org/ Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Partnership,

http://www.pugetsoundnearshore.org/

Puget Sound, continued

1. Schlee, Susan The edge of an unfamiliar world; a history of oceanography Pub Info New York, Dutton, 1973

2. International Congress on the History of Oceanography (3rd : 1980) Woods Hole, Mass.) Title Oceanography, the past / edited by Mary Sears and D. Merriman Pub Info New York : Springer-Verlag, c1980

3. 50 years of ocean discovery : National Science Foundation, 1950-2000 / Ocean Studies Board, National Research Council Pub Info Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, c2000

4. International Congress on the History of Oceanography (5th : 1993 : La Jolla, San Diego, Calif) Title Oceanographic history : the Pacific and beyond / edited by Keith R. Benson and Philip F. Rehbock Pub Info Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2002

5. Ocean sciences bridging the millennia : a spectrum of historical accounts / editorial panel, Selim Morcos ... [et al.] Pub Info Paris, France : UNESCO, 2004

6. Baird's legacy : the history and accomplishments of NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service, 1871-1996 / W.L. Hobart, editor

History of Oceanography

Proquest owns Produced in a unique partnership of organizations (input centers)

worldwide, and coordinated by the FAO http://www4.fao.org/asfa/asfa.htm http://www.csa.com/factsheets/supplements/ASFAmap-Large.pdf Proquest Deep Indexing Over 1,415,515 records as of January 2010 Peer-reviewed literature plus all theses: bibliography book

monograph computer computer file conference dictionary dissertation drawing film journal article law or statute map numerical data patent report review sound recording standard summary training manual

ASFA

ASFA 1971 – and 1.4 million + records. ASFA is a component of the Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS), formed by four United Nations agency sponsors of ASFA and a network of international and national partners.

Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts

DN: Database Name P r o Q u e s t Deep Indexing: Aquatic Sciences TI: Title Ischemia Opens Neuronal Gap Junction Hemichannels AU: Author Thompson, Roger J; Z h o u , Ning; MacVicar, Brian A AF: Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia,

Vancouver, British Columbia V 6 T 2B5, Canada., [m a i l t o : b m a c v i c a @ i n t e r c h a n g e . u b c . c a ]

SO: Source Science (Washington) [Science (Wash.)]. Vol. 312, no. 5775, pp. 924-927. 12 May 2 0 0 6 .

SF: Subfile CSA Neurosciences Abstracts SL: Summary Language English UD: Update 2 0 0 6 1 2 AN: Accession Number 6 8 1 8 0 1 9

Why are some Proqest Deep Indexing records coded Aquatic Sciences?

National: Fisheries of the United States (http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st1/publications.html)

Regional: SEAFDEC (http://www.seafdec.org/cms/)

International: FAO (http://www.fao.org/fishery/topic/2017/en)

Species: ◦ ICCAT International Commission for the Conservation

of Atlantic Tunas (http://www.iccat.int/en/) ◦ International Pacific Halibut Commission (

http://www.iphc.washington.edu/halcom/)

Fisheries Statistics

International Diatom Symposium:◦ 11th in the Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences◦ 13th as a separate monograph by Biopress◦ 15th as a separate monograph by Gantner Verlag

The proceedings of the conference were subsequently published in a special issue of Bioacoustics. (Hawkins, A., Popper, A. N., and Wahlberg, M. (eds.) (2008). International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. Bioacoustics, 17:1-350.)

Seventh International Conference on Artificial Reefs andRelated Aquatic Habitats in ICES Journal of Marine Science, 59: S1–S2. 2002

Chemistry and ecology of highly acidic environments Author: Brian A Whitton; P Albertano; Kenichi Satake Publisher: Dordrecht ;

Boston, MA : Kluwer Academic Publishers, ©2000. Series: Hydrobiologia, v. 433, nos. 1-3 Edition/Format: Book : English

Cladocera : proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Cladocera, [11-18 September 1999, in Plon, Germany]

Author: Maarten Boersma Publisher: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Academic Publ., 2000. Series: Hydrobiologia; Special issue

Proceedings

Nautical charts in the Map Library On the Web at

http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/mcd/OnLineViewer.html

LCSH: Oceanography -- Charts, diagrams, etc.

Charts and Maps

Selected references to literature on marine expeditions, 1700-1960. [An index in the] Fisheries-Oceanography Library, University of Washington Pub Info Boston, G. K. Hall, 1972

A union list of oceanographic expeditions, including results of some major cruise reports / compiled by Rita Estok and Rosemary E. Boykin Pub Info College Station : Texas A&M University Libraries, 1976. In Suzzallo Reference Stacks

Scientific reports of Soviet whaling expeditions in the North Pacific, 1955-1978 / translated by Y.V. Ivashchenko; edited by Y.V. Ivashchenko, P.J. Clapham, and R.L. Brownell Jr. See http://catalog.lib.washington.edu/record=b5870748~S6

Oceanographic Cruises or Expeditions

Communities at https://digital.lib.washington.edu/dspace/community-list◦ See Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, School of.

FRI-UW Series (500+)◦ See Undergraduate Student Papers, Oceanography, School

of, Ocean 444-Senior Theses (63) On to Patagonia! See

http://courses.washington.edu/ocean444/2010/ One of Ocean 444’s course goals is: 4) To create a final report,

separate from the initial project proposal, that is written wholly by the student. The final report is an opportunity for the student to explain how their research fits within the work of the larger oceanographic community. The final report will undergo both student and faculty review and will be made publicly available through the UW’s Digital Library (D-Space).

ResearchWorks

www.sciencedaily.com Baird's legacy : the history and accomplishments of NOAA's

National Marine Fisheries Service, 1871-1996 / W.L. Hobart, editor DART, Europe E-theses Portal at

http://www.dart-europe.eu/basic-search.php CASSI, the CAS Source Index: http://cassi.cas.org/search.jsp

Resources

The blue planet [videorecording] : seas of life / a BBC/Discovery Channel co-production ; series producer, Alastair Fothergill Pub Info [United States] : BBC Video : Warner Home Video [distributor], c2002

LOCATION CALL # STATUS  Media Browsing - Odegaard  DVD WHV081   pt.2    DUE 02-07-10  Media Browsing - Odegaard  DVD WHV 081  pt.4    DUE 02-07-10 Media Browsing - Odegaard  DVD WHV 081  pt.1   DUE 02-07-10  Media Browsing - Odegaard  DVD WHV 081  pt.3    DUE 02-07-10  Media Browsing - Odegaard  DVD WHV 081  pt.4    DUE 02-07-10  Media Browsing - Odegaard  DVD WHV 081  pt.3    AVAILABLE

Other Resources