Presented by : Umaiya Farooq

M.Sc (Final)15ZYM20

Fish By-products

Section of Fishery SciencesDepartment of Zoology

A.M.U., Aligarh

introduction• Fish is one of the protein rich foods of humans since ancient

times.

• Also known as poor man’s diet.

• Fish is also the world’s best source of omega-3 fatty acids,

which are incredibly important for our body and brain.

• About 1/3rd of world catch of fish is not used for direct human

consumption but for production of fish byproducts.

Fish byproducts

• A byproduct is a secondary product derived from a

manufacturing process or chemical reaction .

• Due to unavailability of ready market and non nearness of

market, fish is preserved as food yet other utilizations of fish

in which protein , fat and other useful contents are processed

into a number of valuable byproducts.

Fish by-products include:

Fish Oil

Fish Meal

Fish Silage

Fish Glue

Fish Fertilizer

Tatami Iwashi

Isin Glass

Fish Skin

Fish oil

Fish meal

Fish oil is derived from the tissues of oily fish or from the fat

of cold water fish such as Anchovies, Mackerel and

Sardine.

Fish oil approximately has 25% saturated and

75%unsaturated fatty acids.

Omega 3 essential fatty acids (EFAs) are key ingredients of

fish oil. These EFAs are:

docosahexaenoicacid (DHA) and

eicosapentaenoicacid (EPA)

Fish oil

Fish Liver Oil Liver is chopped into small pieces and is boiled into sufficient

water.

The oil is skimmed off from the surface of water.

Composition :Fat 55- 75%Protein 5-10%Water 20-36%Vitamin A and D

It has high levels of the omega 3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic

acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Sources of liver oil are Cod, Haddock and Shark.

Benefits of Fish Liver Oil

Cod liver oil can cure both ‘rickets’ and ‘exophthalmia’.

The fish oil is helpful in the growth of teeth and bones.

DHA is the most vital component in the development of the

fat in the brain of the fetus.

DHA also benefits the nervous system and the eyes.

EPA strengthens the cardiovascular system, reduces the risk

of heart disease and strokes, and lowers triglycerides.

EPA work to ease the pain and discomfort of arthritis.

Fish Body Oil• Oil is extracted from either whole fish or fish

fat

• It varies in colour i.e. pale yellow to light

brown to brown.

Composition :

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly

omega-3-PUFA .

• Sources :

Sardine, Pilchard, Herring

Benefits of fish Body Oil• It is used in the manufacture of soaps and candles.

• It is used in oiling the bottom of the boats to protect them

against sea-rot.

• It is used in manufacture of paints and varnishes that are

more resistant to heat.

• A good quality oil is clear pale yellow to brown in color ,

while dark colored oil is of inferior quality.

• Fish Meal is a dry powder prepared from whole fish or from

fish filleting wastes which are unacceptable for human

consumption.

• It is used as a high-protein supplement in aquaculture feed.

Composition:

•  High-quality fishmeal normally contains between 60% and

72% crude protein by weight.

Fish meal

Benefits of fish meal• Increases feed efficiency through better food palatability, and

enhances nutrient uptake, digestion, and absorption.

• The balanced amino acid composition of fishmeal promote fast

growth and reduce feeding costs.

• The nutrients aid in disease resistance by boosting and helping to

maintain a healthy functional immune system.

• Helps to reduce pollution from the wastewater effluent by providing

greater nutrient digestibility.

• Mukene fish powder contain high levels of Ca, Zn, Fe, P and Se

(FAO).

FAO Report 2015 Globally 795 million people are malnourished.

1.2 billion people are iron deficient .

WHO estimate that every second pregnant women & 40%

infants are anemic.

10 gms of Mukene powder provide 10 % of daily needs of

iron intake among children.

10 gms of Tuna backbone powder provides 3.6 mg of iron or

40% recommended daily iron needs.

Fish Silage• It is a liquid product made from whole fish or parts of fish

that are liquefied by the action of enzymes in the presence of

an added acid.

• It can be made from spoiled fish, sub-utilized species and

commercial fish waste.

• The proteins present in the fish silage can also be hydrolyzed

to free amino acids, making the silage the most available

source of amino acids for protein biosynthesis.

• Fish glue is made by boiling the skin, bones

and swim bladders of fish.

Applications:

• Used to repair animal-based sheets called

parchments, which are used for writing.

• Used in painting materials by some artists in China..

• Act as a binder, glazing agent, or protective coating

for paintings.

• Used for building and repairing wooden antiques, as

well as building new products.

Fish glue

Fish Fertilizer

• It is an awesome product for promoting

plant growth.

• The waste obtained during the preparation

of fish meal is widely used as manure for

coffee, tea & tobacco plantation.

Types of fish fertilizer• Dry Fish Manure: It is obtained from destroyed fishes. Whole fish is dried in sunlight and used as manure. It contains 5-7 % N, 4-6% P and 4-6% Ca.

• Pit Manure: It is obtained by burning the fish wastes into the pits prepared in the soil & left

for 35-60 days & allowed to dry in sunlight after fermentation. It contains 3-5% N, 3-6% P & 1-5%Ca.

• Fish Guano: The refuse of cooked fish body obtained after proper pressing during the

extraction of oil is fish guano. It contains Nitrogen 8-10%, Phosphoric acid & disintegrates easily in the soil.

Tatami iwashi• It is a Japanese processed food product made from

baby Sardines laid out and dried while entwined in a single

layer to form a large mat-like sheet.

• It can then be cut to various sizes and used in different ways.

• Common serving styles include use as an ingredient in soup

or cut into small pieces for use as a snack or accompaniment

to sake or beer drinking.

Isin Glass• It is a substance obtained from the swim bladders of fish sturgeon.

Uses:

• Used in confectionery and desserts such as fruit jelly .

• Isinglass finings are widely used for clarification, of beer

particularly in the production of cask-conditioned beers, known

as real ale.

• Isinglass was used as a preservative for fresh eggs which were

submerged in it.

• Isinglass is also used to help repair parchment.

• Act as an emulsifier.

Fish SkinUses:

Gelatin

Food ingredient

Feed binding agent

Collagen

Leathers

Peizoelectric harvester

Fish Protein hydrolysates

• It is produced by the use of enzymes to break down fish

proteins into amino acids (proteolysis).

• The resultant product is highly functional, contributing

whipping, gelling and texturing properties when used as an

ingredient in food products.

Fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) present

• Excellent amino acid balance

• Good digestibility.

• Rapid uptake.

Biological activities of FPH

• Antioxidant activity

• Anti cancerous activity

• Antimicrobial activity

THANK YOU!!