fiscal policy office tax incentives: thailand’s experience imf tax policy seminar for asian and...
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Fiscal Policy Office
TAX INCENTIVES: Thailand’s experienceTAX INCENTIVES: Thailand’s experience
IMF Tax Policy Seminar for Asian and Pacific Countries on Tax incentives
Tokyo, Tokyo, June June 9th, 9th, 20092009
Financed by JSAFinanced by JSA
Lawan PuwanDirector of Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office, Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
• Thai Tax SystemThai Tax System
• Tax Incentives in ThailandTax Incentives in Thailand
• Thailand’s Recent Economic SituationThailand’s Recent Economic Situation
• Economic Stimulus Measures & Economic Stimulus Measures & ImpactsImpacts
• ConclusionConclusion
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
2
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Thai Tax SystemThai Tax SystemThai Tax SystemThai Tax System
3
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Development of Thai Tax systemDevelopment of Thai Tax system
Various types of taxes, tax bases and tax Various types of taxes, tax bases and tax rates.rates.
Rely on indirect taxes.Rely on indirect taxes. Direct taxes becomes more important.Direct taxes becomes more important. Declining trend of import duties.Declining trend of import duties. Emphasize more on domestic taxes.Emphasize more on domestic taxes.
4
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Tax StructureTax Structure Taxes collected by National AuthoritiesTaxes collected by National Authorities
Income Taxes & Value Added Tax (VAT) & Income Taxes & Value Added Tax (VAT) & Specific business taxes collected by Revenue Specific business taxes collected by Revenue DepartmentDepartment
Excise Tax collected by Excise DepartmentExcise Tax collected by Excise Department Custom duties collected by Customs DepartmentCustom duties collected by Customs Department
Taxes collected by Local AuthoritiesTaxes collected by Local Authorities Land and Housing TaxLand and Housing Tax, , Land Development TaxLand Development Tax
Signboard Tax, Slaughter Tax, Signboard Tax, Slaughter Tax, Swallow Bird’s nest Swallow Bird’s nest DutyDuty, , Petrol Stations Tax, Hotel Tax Petrol Stations Tax, Hotel Tax and and Retail Retail Tobacco TaxTobacco Tax
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Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Personal Income Tax : PITPersonal Income Tax : PIT Tax BaseTax Base : net income earned during 1 yr. after deduction of : net income earned during 1 yr. after deduction of
expenses and allowances. expenses and allowances. Tax rateTax rate : Progressive Rate from 10 to 37 % : Progressive Rate from 10 to 37 %
Corporate Income Tax : CITCorporate Income Tax : CIT Tax base and Tax rateTax base and Tax rate
Tax BaseTax Base Tax RateTax Rate
Net Profit after deductible Net Profit after deductible expensesexpenses
30% *30% *
Income before expenseIncome before expense 3 - 10%3 - 10%(depend on income type)(depend on income type)
Profit disposed out of ThailandProfit disposed out of Thailand 10%10%
• Income TaxIncome Tax
6
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
• Value Added Tax (VAT)Value Added Tax (VAT) VAT in Thailand was introduced in Jan. 1, 1992VAT in Thailand was introduced in Jan. 1, 1992 Tax base and Tax rateTax base and Tax rate
A consumption type with full tax credit and invoice baseA consumption type with full tax credit and invoice base
TypeType Rate Rate (%)(%)
- General goods and servicesGeneral goods and services 10 10 **
- Exported goods and servicesExported goods and services 00
- Small entrepreneurs with annual sale amount Small entrepreneurs with annual sale amount less than 1.8 mil. Bahtless than 1.8 mil. Baht
- Some goods and services i.e. Some goods and services i.e. Unprocessed Unprocessed agricultural products, Domestic transportation andagricultural products, Domestic transportation and Amateur sports etc.Amateur sports etc.
ExemptExempt
reduce from 10% reduce from 10% to 7% until Sept to 7% until Sept 30, 200730, 2007
reduce from 10% reduce from 10% to 7% until Sept to 7% until Sept 30, 200730, 2007
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Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
• Specific Business Tax (SBT)Specific Business Tax (SBT)
Basic ConceptBasic Concept Imposed on various commodities and services; Imposed on various commodities and services;
Banking /similar business, finance, credit Banking /similar business, finance, credit fancier, securities business, insurance, pawn fancier, securities business, insurance, pawn brokerage, real estate business and sale of brokerage, real estate business and sale of securities in the SETsecurities in the SET
Impose at flat rate from 2.5%-3.0% excluding Impose at flat rate from 2.5%-3.0% excluding 10% local tax on top 10% local tax on top
Excluded from the VAT systemExcluded from the VAT system
8
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Excise TaxExcise Tax A selective / single stage sales taxA selective / single stage sales tax
Roles of excise: In line with conventional objectives Roles of excise: In line with conventional objectives of the exciseof the excise
20 categories of goods and services are subject to tax20 categories of goods and services are subject to tax
Petroleum, Automobile, Tobacco, and Alcohol Petroleum, Automobile, Tobacco, and Alcohol generating > 75% of excise tax revenuegenerating > 75% of excise tax revenue
Tax base : ex-factory price (domestic products) and Tax base : ex-factory price (domestic products) and CIF + Import duties (Imported products) CIF + Import duties (Imported products)
Tax rate: specific or ad-valorem rateTax rate: specific or ad-valorem rate
9
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Customs DutiesCustoms Duties An indirect tax levied on both imported and
selected exports Classification of imports based on the harmonized
commodity description and coding system Duties are levied on a specific or an ad-valorem basis, whichever is higher Tax Base : the CIF Value Customs tariffs at present ranged between
0% - 80%, the highest rate being for passenger cars
10
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Incentives in ThailandTax Incentives in ThailandTax Incentives in ThailandTax Incentives in Thailand
11
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Incentives in Thailand
Tax incentives for investment
Tax incentives for export promotion
Tax incentives for social welfare
Tax incentives for promoting renewable
energy
etc.
12
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Incentives for investment promotion
Restructuring the import duties classified by value escalation:
Under the Investment Promotion Act of 1977, the Board of Investment
is authorized to grant incentives and privileges to qualified investments.
- Investment promotion zones used to support government goals.
- The BOI offer 2 kinds of incentives to promoted projects.
Tax incentives: exemption/reduction of import duties on machinery and
raw materials
: exemption of CIT (3-8 years)
Non-tax incentives : permission to bring in foreign workers
: own land and take or remit foreign currency abroad.
13
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
3 Zones1. Agriculture & agricultural
products
2. Direct involvement in tech & HR development
3. Public utilities, basic services and infrastructure
4. Environmental protection and conservation
5. Targeted industries
Types of the priority projects
14
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Incentives for export promotion
MeasuresMeasures Responsible Responsible
OrganizationOrganizationPrivilegesPrivileges
1. Duty Drawback 1. Duty Drawback under Section 19 bisunder Section 19 bis
Customs Customs
DepartmentDepartmentRefund of import dutiesRefund of import duties
2. Duty 2. Duty CompensationCompensation
Fiscal Policy OfficeFiscal Policy Office
& Customs & Customs DepartmentDepartment
Refund of import dutiesRefund of import duties
3. Manufacturing 3. Manufacturing Bonded WarehouseBonded Warehouse
Customs Customs DepartmentDepartment
Exempt import dutiesExempt import duties
4. Custom Free Zone4. Custom Free Zone Customs Customs DepartmentDepartment
Exempt import dutiesExempt import duties
15
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Incentives for export promotion
MeasuresMeasures Responsible Responsible
OrganizationOrganizationPrivilegesPrivileges
5. Industrial Free 5. Industrial Free Zone (IFZ)Zone (IFZ)
Industrial Estate Industrial Estate Authority Authority
Exempt import dutiesExempt import duties
6. Duty Exemption 6. Duty Exemption under Investment under Investment Promotion ActPromotion Act
Office of the Board Office of the Board of Investmentof Investment
Exempt import dutiesExempt import duties
16
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Export (No tax incentive) BOI Bonded Warehouse
Duty Compensation Duty Drawback > 1 incentives
32.65%
25.20%
1.78%
21.97%
6.49% 11.92%
EXPORT VALUE CLASSIFIED BY TAX INCENTIVES
Source: Information and Communications Technology Center, Ministry of Finance
: The Customs Department, Ministry of Finance17
2008
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Thailand’s Recent Economic SituationThailand’s Recent Economic SituationThailand’s Recent Economic SituationThailand’s Recent Economic Situation
18
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Global Crisis and Impacts to ThailandGlobal Crisis and Impacts to ThailandGlobal Crisis and Impacts to ThailandGlobal Crisis and Impacts to Thailand
GlobalGlobal
ThailandThailand
Financial InstitutionsFinancial Institutions Liquidity IssueLiquidity Issue Real SectorReal Sector
Declining asset value & writedown
Crisis of confidence led to credit crunch and insolvency threats
Lower income from contraction of global demand and production
Lower Consumption
Negative impact on our export-driven economy
Limited impact in terms of liquidity
Liquidity Problem & Lower Investment
Ample liquidity in banking Sector
Credit issues of corporates (particularly
SMEs)
Banks are reluctant to lend
Unlike financial crisis in 1997, Thai financial institutions and
corporates have stronger balance sheet
• Low leverage ratio• Sufficient capital base• Low NPL ratio
Capital & Liquidity to Support Recovery
31 2
Limited impact as Thai banks have only 0.4% related to CDOs
13 2
Note: (1) Thai banks have only 1.2% of total assets exposed to foreign assets (2) Export accounts for 72% of total GDP
• Contraction in export• Lower capacity utilization• Increase in unemployment• Dampened consumer confidence
Overclouded by political crisis
?
19
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Real GDP (% yoy)6.3
5.3 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.4 5.1 5.7 6.0 5.33.9
-4.3-5-4-3-2-101234567
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2006 2007 2008
Real GDP QReal GDP Q42008/42008/ Contracted Contracted - %43 - %43 yoy yoy
2006 5.2% 200749. % 2008 2.6%
.
Source : National Economic and Social Development Board 20
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy OfficeFiscal Policy Office
Growth rate : %YOY(Share of GDP)
2007 2008
200820
09
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Dec Jan
Real private consumption 518( . %) 1.6 25. 27 25. 27 22. -Private consumption indicator
Real value added tax 36. 9 .111 .5
9.4 16.14
0 .1
-3.4
-162.
No. of passenger car sales-1 1 .3
32.7
3
9.1
24.8 22.34
7.5
9
8 .2
-100
Motorcycle sales -16.8 79. 1.5 6.2 16.2 8.0 14.1-216
Agricultural Price 1225.
1
18.2
3
8.2
35.5 9.1 5.0 02.
Import of consumer goods (value)24.6
26.7
3
7.7
3
7.4
35.8 1.4 -2.5-179
Import of consumer goods (volume)20.3
20.1 29.7 28.4 29.8 -2.5 -5.9
-204
Consumer confidence index71.0
70.7
7
2.5
7
1 .9
70.6 67.76
7.5
68.3
Thailand’s Economic Indicators : Private Consumption
Note: Real VAT (Feb 09): -24.2% YOY;
CCI (Feb 09): 67.2 Source : Compiled by FPO 21
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy OfficeFiscal Policy Office
Growth rate : %YOY(Share of GDP)
2007 2008
200820
09
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Dec Jan
Real private investment 166( . %) 0.6 3.26 .5
4 .3
35.-1.3
-
Private investment in machinery 128( . %) 1.6 4.28.3
5.2
5.4
-1 .4
-
Private investment in construction 37( . %) -2.7 -0.20.4
1 .3
-1 .9
-0.7
-
Private investment indicator
Import of capital goods (volume) -12 12.93
1 .3
9.8
13.1 0.6 -7.0-
29.8
Import of capital goods (volume) excluding special items*
1.1 11.4 20.0 16.5 12.5 4.5 3.0-19.9
Commercial car sales-6.0
-15.87.7
-5.6-
25.8-
32.7-
32.8-
39.5
Real estate tax collection* * 0.8 -1.1 -3.9
2
9.3
22.2 -4.1-
16.90.8
Domestic cement sales-5.0
-10.3 -5.9 -5.3-
16.5-
13.9-2.1
-11.9
Note: * Special items such as airplane, ship, train; ** Adjusted for temporary tax rate reduction to 0.1%
Real Estate Tax Collection (Feb 09): -13.2% YOY
Thailand’s Economic Indicators : Private Investment
Source : Compiled by FPO 22
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy OfficeFiscal Policy Office
Unit(billion Baht)
2007 2008
20082009
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Dec Jan Feb
Net revenue 1,470.4 1,495.8 308.8 499.0 412.9 272.8 76.2 88.6 82.4
%y-o-y 6.9 1.7 -0.8 15.5 3.1 -16.1 -16.5 -8.6 -29.1
- Income-based tax 588.1 665.8 110.2 227.7 227.1 100.9 26.4 36.8 31.8
%y-o-y 6.8 13.2 12.2 16.2 17.4 0.3 -6.5 6.3 -1.8
- Consumption-based tax 445.2 501.7 124.5 127.4 133.9 115.9 36.8 36.1 30.1
%y-o-y 4.9 12.7 15.7 15.8 21.8 -1.5 -6.9 -18.3 -25.2
Government expenditure12)
1,668.1 1,644.4 402.2 424.6 413.3 404.3 145.4 192.417
97.
%y-o-y 25.1 -0.3 -8.0 1.8 -1.6 2.8 31.2 21.55 3 .3
- Current expenditure 1,273.2 1,296.1 292.3 320.6 348.9 334.3 118.4 126.013
2 .6
%y-o-y 27.4 3.3 -8.3 1.9 3.6 10.3 34.2 34.135.4
- Capital expenditure 297.7 240.9 76.8 86.5 49.5 28.1 9.5 52.033.9
%y-o-y 37.7 -19.1 -12.3 -0.2 -28.0 -48.7 -2.0 -1.821
78
- Carry over 97.2 107.5 33.1 17.5 14.9 42.0 17.6 14.413.1
%y-o-y -17.0 10.7 6.7 8.4 2.1 18.8 35.1 25.530.8
Thailand’s Economic Indicators : Fiscal sector
Source : Compiled by FPO
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Growth rate : %YOY(Share of GDP)
20
07
20
08
2008200
9
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Dec Jan
Real export 568( . %) 6.76.0
7.5
9.8
1
2.6
-8.9
- -
Value $ term (Custom Dept.) 18
6
15
6
2
3.1
2
8.1
2
6.1
-10.6
-14.6 -265.
Price $ term (Ministry of Commerce) 5.7
10
5
9.9
12.5
15.0
4.6
1.7 09.
Volume $ term (FPO) 12.24.4
12.0
13.9
9.7-14.6
-16.0 -271.
Main export goods (share of total export in 2008)
Electronic goods 175( . %) 14.90.7
10.0
12.6
6.2-218
-34.6 -404.
volume $ term 9.7-2.0
7.313.4
0.1-
24.3-36.8 -421.
Electrical appliances 101( . %) 15.66.1
14.2
14.3
16.1
-17.3
-20.7
-295.
volume $ term 13.5 1710.2
9.510.4
-20.6
-23.5
-307.
Vehicles 110( . %) 32.521
3
34.3
31.0
35.7
-10.4
-20.7
-345.
volume $ term 20.915
4
27.2
25.0
28.3
-14.2
-23.7
-371.
Agro industry sector 66( . %) 19.123
4
14.4
27.8
38.2
13
697. -75.
volume $ term 16.57.7
-1.9 7.419.1
6.2
80. -82.
Agricultural sector 113( . %) 15.532
8
39.9
56.7
57.5
-115
-27.9
-334.
volume $ term 5.70.2
14.3
7.5 3.4-19.2
-27.1 -345.
Fuel 68( . %) 8.961
0
87.9
96.6
95.1
-7.7
-15.3
-451.
volume $ term -2.323
4
32.6
30.1
27.2
1 1 .4
26.1 -191.
Thailand’s Economic Indicators : Export
Source : Compiled by FPO
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy OfficeFiscal Policy Office
Growth rate : %YOY(Share of GDP)
20
07
20
08
2008200
9
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 DecJan
Real import 456( . %) 22. 69.10.054.
12.501. - -
Value $ term (Custom Dept.)8.7
27.6 3
8.0
2
9.3
3
9.9
6.1 -6.5 -37.6
Price $ term (Ministry of Commerce) 5.3
12.6 15.6
17.7
16.0
2.1 -2.3 -35.
Volume $ term (FPO) 3.2
13.1 19.3
9.8 20.5
3.7 -4.3 -35.3
Main import goods (share of total import in 2008)
Raw materials 434( . %)14
8
29.3 29.4
30.1
48.3
9.4 -15.2 -41.9
volume $ term 8.1 16.7 17.4
15.7
31.2
2.6 -18.8 -43.4
Capital and machinery 242( . %)0.9
18.0 37.6
16.2
18.4
3.5 -4.9 -29.5
volume $ term -1.1 12.9 31.3
9.8 13.1
0.6 -7.0 -29.8
Consumer goods 83( . %)24
7
26.7 37.7
37.4
35.8
1.4 -2.5 -17.9
volume $ term 20
3
20.1 29.7
28.4
29.8
-2.5
-5.9 -20.4
Fuel 209( . %)2.2
43.9 68.4
50.2
60.4
5.9 4.0 -53.4
volume $ term -5.5
10.6 13.8
-1.7
10.3
20.9
45.0 -35.4
Thailand’s Economic Indicator : Import
Source : Compiled by FPO 25
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Economic Stimulus MeasuresEconomic Stimulus Measures
Objectives: 1. To increase welfare & support SMEs / enterprise community
2. To promote real estate sector
3. To promote tourism
4. To promote debt restructuring and M&A
Measures: Fiscal instruments:
Tax policies, government spending
Monetary instruments
26
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Tax incentives for social welfare
Allowances:
- Disable person
- Life insurance premium
- Long term saving
- Education
- Aging
etc.
27
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Tax incentives for renewable energy
Reduce the excise tax rate:
- Gasohol with ethanol content not less than 10%, 20%, and 85%
- Bio-diesel
- Passenger /public transport vehicles (< 10 seats):
- E20, E85, and NGV
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles
- Electric Powered Vehicles
- Fuel Cell Powered Vehicles
- Eco car
28
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Tax incentives for renewable energy (cont.)
Reduce import duties:
- NGV equipments and engines
- CKD Chassis with Engine and Chassis with Engine for transport cars
Deduct 125% of PIT and CIT for purchase of energy saving equipment
29
Ministry of Finance, Fiscal Policy Office
Tax Policy Bureau
Fiscal Policy Office
Conclusion