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First

S A M U E L

A King Unlike the Nations

First

A King Unlike the Nations

s a m u e l

Written by Aina Carruth, Jenni Hamm,

Kelsey Hency, Jamin Roller and Jen Wilkin

edited by Collin Huber, Jenna Lusk,

Jen Wilkin and Elizabeth Woodson

designed by Laura Johns

© 2018 The Village Church

2101 Justin Road, Flower Mound, Texas.

All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations are from The esV® Bible

(The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®),

© 2001 by Crossway, a publishing

ministry of Good News Publishers.

Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Select definitions of the attributes of

God were informed by The ABCs of God,

© 2011 Children Desiring God.

Week 1 8 Introduction to the Book of 1 Samuel

Week 2 10 Opposing the Proud, Exalting the Humble | Ch. 1–3

Week 3 26 The Philistines and the Ark | Ch. 4:1–7:2

Week 4 42 A King Like the Nations | Ch. 7:3–10:27

Week 5 60 Saul’s Victory and Unfaithfulness | Ch. 11–13

Week 6 76 Saul’s Downfall | Ch. 14–15

Week 7 92 A New King | Ch. 16–19

Week 8 108 David’s First Flight | Ch. 20–24

Week 9 124 David’s Second and Third Flights | Ch. 25–28

Week 10 142 David, the Philistines and the Amalekites | Ch. 29–31

Week 11 160 Wrap-Up

Appendix A: Map of Israel at the Time of 1 Samuel

Appendix b: Attributes of God

tA ble of contents

O U R P U R P O S E

This study is designed to help you grow in Bible

literacy. In doing so, it has two goals: First, it

seeks to teach you a book of the Bible in a way

that will enable you to retain what you learn.

Second, it seeks to train you to ask better ques-

tions of any biblical text on your own. Many

of us come to our study of the Bible eager to

pull from it wisdom that will help us to live

differently. And we should. But before we can

move from awareness of what we don’t know

of the text to awareness of what we should do

in response to the text, we must move through

the learning process. This study is designed

to help you learn and employ that process.

It is a simple formula of approaching the text

first for comprehension, next for interpretation

and finally for application. Each stage of this

learning process asks a critical question:

Comprehension asks, “What does it say?”

Interpretation asks, “What does it mean?”

Application asks, “How should it change me?”

If we rush too quickly to application, we

short-circuit the learning process and limit our

ability to retain what we have learned. Not only

that, but application that is not built on careful

comprehension and interpretation is unlikely

to be faithful to the text. All three steps matter.

But they require patience on our part.

Reading the Bible can be confusing. Because

nobody likes to feel lost or confused, most of

us rush to a commentary as quickly as possible

to resolve our discomfort. That is actually the

first sign that learning is about to occur, the

first step in gaining and holding on to under-

standing. We need to learn to welcome the

discomfort as a sign that our minds are being

prepared for receiving instruction.

Because of this, for the purpose of our study

here, please do not reference commentaries

until comprehension, interpretation and

application have been earnestly attempted

on your own. In other words, wait to read

commentaries until after you have completed

the homework, attended small group time and

listened to the teaching. And then consult

commentaries you can trust. We recommend

the following commentaries:

1 Samuel, 2 Samuel by Dale Ralph Davis;

Focus on the Bible, 2000, 2002

1 & 2 Samuel by Bill T. Arnold; niV

Application Commentary, 2003

1 & 2 Samuel by Joyce Baldwin; Tyndale

Old Testament Commentaries, 1988

prefAce

5

Remember that commentaries are not just

books written about 1 Samuel. Sources of com-

mentary include study Bible notes, sermons,

podcasts, blog posts and articles. These are all

great helps when used responsibly, but if used

before we have studied on our own, they can

keep us from developing the mental muscles

that accompany a mature faith.

Each week, you will be asked to complete

homework that will help train you in how to

comprehend, interpret and apply Scripture.

We will utilize the specific tools below to help

develop our study skills.

C O M P R E H E N S I O N

What does it say?

⊲ Read the passage repetitively.

⊲ Read the passage in multiple

translations.

⊲ Look up key words in the dictionary.

⊲ Write a main idea or draw a picture

in the margin next to the section it

describes.

⊲ Note any literary techniques that

the author is using. Pay attention

to genre rules.

⊲ Look for repeated ideas, connected

ideas or progressions of thought and

mark them.

⊲ Look for what the passage teaches

is true about God (attributes).

One of the most important skills we can

develop as students of the Scriptures is learn-

ing to look for what is true about God as we

read. At the end of each week’s homework,

you will be challenged to meditate on what

you have learned about God in that week’s

portion of the text. To aid you in this, a list

of the attributes of God can be found on the

last two pages of the workbook.

I N T E R P R E T A T I O N

What does it mean?

⊲ Explore why the author would have

used a particular word or phrase,

or why he would have made

a particular point the way he

made it. Keep in mind the textual,

historical and cultural context.

⊲ Make connections to other parts

of the book or other parts of the

Bible (cross-references).

⊲ Paraphrase or summarize part

or all of the passage.

6

H O W T O U S E T H I S S T U DY

This workbook is designed to be used in a spe-

cific way. The homework in the workbook will

start you down the process of comprehension,

interpretation and application. However, it

is intended to dovetail with small group dis-

cussion time and the audio/video teachings.

You can use the workbook by itself, but you

are likely to find yourself with some unre-

solved questions. The audio/video teaching

is intended to resolve most, if not all, of your

unanswered questions from the homework

and discussion time. With this in mind, con-

sider using the materials as follows:

• If you are going through the study on your own, first work through the homework and

then listen to the corresponding audio for

that week.

• If you are going through the study in a group,

first do your homework, then discuss the

questions your group decides to cover, and

then listen to the teaching. Some groups

listen to the teaching before they meet,

which can also work if that format fits best

for everyone.

A P P L I C A T I O N

How should it change me?

⊲ Consider how what the passage

teaches about God should change

the way you think, speak or act.

⊲ Make meaningful connections to

your own life: • Is there a sin to confess? • Is there cause for thanksgiving

or praise to God? • Is there a promise or truth to trust in? • Is there an attitude to change

or a motive to examine? • Is there a command to obey

or an example to imitate? • Is there an error to confront

or avoid?

7

8

Imagine yourself receiving a letter in the mail. The envelope is handwritten, but you don’t glance at the return address. Instead you tear open the envelope, flip to the second page, read two paragraphs near the bottom, and set the letter aside. Knowing that if someone bothered to send it to you, you should act on its contents in some way, you spend a few minutes trying to figure out how to respond to what the section you just read had to say. What are the odds you will be successful? No one would read a letter this way. But this is precisely the way many of us read our Bibles. We skip past reading the “envelope”—Who wrote this? To whom is it written? When was it written? Where was it written?—and then try to determine the purpose of its contents from a portion of the whole. What if we took time to read the envelope? What if, after determining the context for its writing, we started at the beginning and read to the end? Wouldn’t that make infinitely more sense? In our study, we will take this approach to Scripture. We will begin by placing our text in its historical and cultural context. We will “read the envelope.”

Introduction

1 Samuel

1

W E E K O N E Introduction to the Book of 1 Samuel 9

1. Who wrote the book of 1 Samuel?

2. To whom was it written?

3. When was it written?

4. In what style was it written?

5. What are the central themes of the book?

The story of Samuel the prophet begins much like other stories of God’s faithfulness: in conflict, corruption and barrenness. The word of the Lord has suffered neglect, the priests of the Lord exploit the faithful, and a woman named Hannah cannot bear a child. Infertility was the greatest stigma known to women of Hannah’s time and culture. But though her womb may be barren, her faith is rooted deep. God grants her prayer, and she shows herself to be a woman of her word. As the sons of Eli fatten themselves in the day of slaughter, this daughter of lack brings to the house of God a precious and pleasing sacrifice: a son with an ear attuned to the voice of the Lord.

Opposing the Proud, Exalting the Humble

1 Samuel 1–3

2

10

W E E K T W O Opposing the Proud, Exalting the Humble 11

1. Summarize what happens in each chapter in 2–3 sentences.

Chapter 1:

Chapter 2:

Chapter 3:

2. Match each major character introduced in these chapters to the description that fits them: Elkanah Priest, father of faithless sons Hannah Child dedicated to service to God Peninnah Favored wife, mother of Samuel Eli Wicked priests Hophni/Phinehas Cruel rival wife Samuel Husband of two wives

Next to each character’s name, note a +, - or N depending on whether you think the author wants you to view that character in a positive, negative or neutral light.

⊲ R E A D

1 Samuel 1–3 from startto finish.

12 W E E K T W O Opposing the Proud, Exalting the Humble

3. In 1:1, we learn Elkanah’s pedigree and hometown. Though he comes from the hill country of Ephraim, he does not belong to the tribe of Ephraim. Look up 1 Chronicles 6:16–30. In which verses do you find the names of Elkanah and Samuel?

From which tribe are Elkanah and Samuel descended? Why does this make sense, in light of the whole story of Samuel?

4. The men of Israel were commanded to attend feasts at the central place of worship three times a year (Deut. 16:1–17). Where was the central location of the Tabernacle during Elkanah’s time (1:3)? Did Elkanah attend the feasts alone?

5. Describe the dynamic between Elkanah and his two wives (1:4–8). In what ways does Peninnah create trouble? In what ways does Elkanah add to the strain?

⊲ E X P L O R E

Now shift your focus to 1 Samuel 1:1–20.


6. Why do you think the text paints such a strained picture of Elkanah’s household dynamic? Look up Genesis 2:24 to help with your answer.

7. What vow does Hannah make to the Lord (1:11)? Summarize it in your own words.

8. Why does Hannah vow that no razor will touch the head of her child? Look up Numbers 6:1–21 and skim this chapter to see what you can learn about this particular vow.

What was it called?

What was its purpose?

Was it typically lifelong?

What other men can you think of in the Bible who lived under this vow?


9. What does Eli mistakenly believe about Hannah when he sees her praying (1:12–14)? Based on your knowledge of chapter 2, why do you think he draws this conclusion?

10. Note Hannah’s response to Eli’s benediction (1:18). What does it reveal about her character?

▼ A P P LY

Based on human

logic, Hannah faced

a hopeless situation.

When has the Lord

allowed you to face a

seemingly hopeless

situation in order to

prove Himself faithful?

What should we

believe about the role

of prayer during our

times of hopelessness?


11. According to the law, Elkanah could have nullified Hannah’s vow to the Lord (Num. 30:10–12). Instead, how does he treat his wife and her vow (1:21–23)?

12. It would have been common knowledge to the original audience that a child was weaned around the age of 3. Why do you think the author includes the final, brief description in 1:24?

13. Compare 1:28 in the esV and the net. How does the net expand your understanding of the verse?

14. Having fulfilled her vow to the Lord in great faithfulness, Hannah prays to the Lord. How does her prayer in 2:1–11 contrast to her earlier prayers in 1:1–16? Describe each “prayer session” in one phrase or sentence:

1:1–16

2:1–11

⊲ E X P L O R E

Now look at 1 Samuel 1:21–2:11.


☐ At the end of this week’s homework, you will find the text of Hannah’s prayer. Note as many attributes of God as you can find. Underline the words or phrases associated with each attribute. Use your list of attributes on the last two pages of your workbook to help you with your marking.

▼ A P P LY

How should Hannah’s

prayers, both in grief

and in rejoicing,

instruct the way

you pray? Which

elements of her

prayers do you most

need to incorporate

into your own?


15. When communicating the moral character of its subjects, typically, historical narrative “shows” but does not “tell.” It simply describes a person’s actions without commenting on his or her morality, or lack thereof. Here, we find a rare example of both telling and showing the character of Eli’s sons, Hophni and Phinehas. In the chart, note everything this section of the text tells and shows about them:

16. What tender care does Hannah continue to show to her son (2:19)?

What other article of clothing does Samuel wear (2:18)?

Look up Exodus 39:1–7 for a description of this garment. For whom was this garment reserved?

⊲ E X P L O R E

Now look at 1 Samuel 2:12–36.

W H A T T H E T E X T T E L L S W H A T T H E T E X T S H O W S


17. In 2:18–21, we glimpse both what Hannah has lost and what she has gained as a result of her sacrifice. In your own words, describe both.

Lost:

Gained:

18. In 2:22–25, what does Eli do to address the sins of his sons? What does he fail to do?

19. In 2:27–36, Eli receives a message from a “man of God.” What are the first words the man speaks?

“Thus the ...”

Based on how this phrase is used elsewhere in the Bible, what do these words tell us about the identity of the man of God?

☐ He is a priest. ☐ He is a prophet. ☐ He is an angel.


20. Summarize the man of God’s message in 2–3 sentences:

21. Though the narrative has focused on the wicked actions of Eli’s sons, who does the man’s message accuse?

22. In the teaching time, we will look at the immediate fulfillment of the faithful priest prophesied in 2:35. For now, look up Hebrews 7:26–28 and note what you learn about the ultimate fulfillment of this prophecy:

▼ A P P LY

What lesson should

we learn from the

story of Eli? What

comfort can we

take from it?


23. How does the information in 3:1–3 provide needed context for what happens in the rest of the chapter?

24. In 2–3 sentences, summarize what happens in 3:4–14:

25. Based on the context of the passage, what do you think 3:7 means? Rewrite it in your own words.

26. Why do you think the story repeats so much before getting to the point? Why not just cut out verses 4–9? What do they add to our understanding?

27. Summarize God’s message to Samuel in 3:10–14:

⊲ E X P L O R E



28. What uncomfortable situation do God’s words create for Samuel (3:15–18)? How might having to tell the prophecy to Eli be good training for future situations Samuel would encounter?

29. Compare 3:19 in the esV and the net. How does the net add to your understanding?

Compare 3:21 in the esV and the niV. How does the niV add to your understanding?

▼ A P P LY

The first three chapters

of 1 Samuel show us

that “God opposes

the proud but gives

grace to the humble”

(James 4:6). How

have you witnessed

this principle in

your own life, both in

your pride and your

humility? Give an

example of each.


What aspect of God’s character has this week’s passage of 1 Samuel shown you more clearly?

What one step can you take this week

to better live in light of this truth?

▲ W R A P - U P

See the list of attributes on the last two pages of this workbook for help answering this question.

f

f

Knowing that God is

shows me that I am

.

F I L L I N T H E F O L L O W I N G S TAT E M E N T:

1 Samuel 2:1–10

H A nnA H’s pr Ay er

1 And Hannah prayed and said,

“My heart exults in the Lord; my horn is exalted

in the Lord.

My mouth derides my enemies,

because I rejoice in your salvation.

2 “There is none holy like the Lord:

for there is none besides you;

there is no rock like our God.

3 Talk no more so very proudly,

let not arrogance come from your mouth;

for the Lord is a God of knowledge,

and by him actions are weighed.

4 The bows of the mighty are broken,

but the feeble bind on strength.

5 Those who were full have hired themselves out for bread,

but those who were hungry have ceased to hunger.

The barren has borne seven, but she who has many

children is forlorn.

6 The Lord kills and brings to life;

he brings down to Sheol and raises up.

7 The Lord makes poor and makes rich;

he brings low and he exalts.

8 He raises up the poor from the dust;

he lifts the needy from the ash heap

to make them sit with princes and inherit a seat

of honor.

For the pillars of the earth are the Lord’s,

and on them he has set the world.

9 “He will guard the feet of his faithful ones,

but the wicked shall be cut off in darkness,

for not by might shall a man prevail.

10 The adversaries of the Lord shall be broken to pieces;

against them he will thunder in heaven.

The Lord will judge the ends of the earth;

he will give strength to his king

and exalt the horn of his anointed.”


N O T E S

Last week, we saw the faithful longing of Hannah graciously answered by God in the birth of Samuel. The sons of Eli walked in prideful disobedience, while Samuel was set apart and called to the work of the Lord. This week, we will see the fruit of sin lead to death as the nation of Israel foolishly goes to war with the Philistines, where they suffer heavy casualties and lose the ark of the covenant. Amidst their reckless behavior and its consequences, God remains faithful even while allowing their defeat. Though the enemy holds the ark of the covenant, the God of Israel is not restrained. He stands ready to demonstrate His holiness both to the Philistines and His covenant people.

The Philistines and the Ark

1 Samuel 4:1–7:2

3

26

W E E K T H R E E The Philistines and the Ark 27


Chapter 4:

Chapter 5:

Chapter 6:

2. The ark of the covenant was the centerpiece of the Israelite worship located in the inner sanctuary of the tabernacle. It was a chest crafted according to God’s specifications, symbolizing His power and presence. Underline each use of “ark of the covenant” (ark of the Lord, ark of the God of Israel, ark of God). How many times does it appear in 4:1–7:2?

Why do you think it is mentioned so frequently?

⊲ R E A D

1 Samuel 4:1–7:2 from startto finish.

28 W E E K T H R E E The Philistines and the Ark

3. Place the following events in chronological order:

The ark is captured by the Philistines in battle.

The Israelites decide to bring the ark of the covenant from Shiloh to help them win the battle against the Philistines.

The Philistines defeat the Israelites in battle.

Panic of the “gods” of Israel drives the Philistines to fight with more courage.

The Philistines defeat Israel in battle for the second time in a severe slaughter.

The Israelites raise a shout so loud that the ground shakes.

4. What accounts for Israel’s defeat in 4:2? Look up Deuteronomy 28:15, 25 to help you with your answer. How does their loss make sense based on what we learned in 2:27–30?

5. The Philistines believed that deities actually dwelt within idols. Describe their response to the knowledge that “a god” had entered the camp of Israel. On what past event do they base their feelings (4:6–9)?

⊲ E X P L O R E



Do you think their feelings changed after their victory? Why or why not?

6. Compare the devastation of the first battle with the Philistines with the second battle:

Israelite men were killed in the first battle (4:3). Israelite men were killed in the second battle (4:10).

Why do you think Israel suffered more severe losses in the second battle?

7. What do you think the Israelites hoped to accomplish by bringing the ark of the covenant with them to war? What was the faulty logic behind their decision?

8. Does it surprise you that God would allow His people to be catastrophically defeated in battle? Why or why not?


9. Word of Israel’s defeat comes quickly to Eli at Shiloh. Why is Shiloh a significant place? Look back at 1:3 and 4:3 to help you with your answer.

▼ A P P LY

In what ways do

modern-day believers

follow the example

of Israel, expecting

God’s favor on

their own terms?

Consider your own

life. What are some

ways you are tempted

to pursue your own

plans, expecting that

God will grant you

favor? What is a better

approach to follow?

⊲ E X P L O R E



10. Circle the word(s) that best describes Eli’s mental state while Israel was at war:

embArrAssed Anxious sAd Hopeful WAtcHful feArful

What do you think was the underlying cause of his state of mind?

11. How does the city respond to the news of Israel’s defeat? Do you think they were surprised? Why or why not (4:13b–14)?

12. Fill in the chart below, describing how Eli and his family members are affected by the capture of the ark (4:12–17):

H O P H N I A N D P H I N E A S

E L I

E L I ’ S D A U G H T E R -

I N - L A W

I C H A B O D


13. Look back at 2:30–34. How was the word of the Lord fulfilled through what happened in 4:12–17?

☐ On the map in Appendix A, note the movement of the ark in 5:1–6:13 through enemy territory.

14. The Philistines moved the captive ark from the battlefield into the temple of Dagon, their principle god of fertility and agriculture. What happens that shows the supremacy of the God of Israel over Dagon (5:3–5)?

Eli’s failure as high

priest ultimately

led to the capture

of the ark. How is

this story a warning

to the Church? To

you personally?

▼ A P P LY

⊲ E X P L O R E



C I T Y A F F L I C T I O N R E S P O N S E O F T H E P E O P L E

A S H D O D

G A T H

E K R O N

How do you think the Philistines felt seeing what happened to the statue of their god?

15. Holding the ark captive came with consequences. Fill in the table, noting the specific events that take place in each location (5:6–12):

16. What key event do the Philistines recognize as being similar to their current plight (6:6)?


Note any parallels you see between that story and this one:

17. How long do the Philistines suffer affliction at the hands of the God of Israel (6:1)?

Summarize the creative plan suggested by the priests and diviners of the Philistines for returning the ark (6:2–9).

1 S A M U E L 6 : 5–6E X O D U S

P H A R A O H

T H E C A P T I V E I S R A E L I T E S

T H E P L A G U E S

T H E R E S U LT O F T H E P L A G U E S


What does the

account of the ark of

the Lord in enemy

territory teach

about God’s power

and authority?

How does this

teaching encourage

you in your current

circumstances?

▼ A P P LY

⊲ E X P L O R E


18. How does their test prove that God had sovereignly directed the ark’s return to Israel (6:10–12)?

☐ On the map in Appendix A, mark the movement of the ark in 6:13–7:2.


19. Beth-shemesh was a town of Judah in Israel near the Philistine border. Describe how the Israelites felt about having the ark back in their possession:

6:13–15

6:20–21

20. Compare 1 Samuel 6:19 in the esV and the niV. Why does God strike the men of Beth-shemesh? Read Numbers 4:18–20 to help with your answer.

21. What does the action of “looking upon” or inspecting the ark reveal about what these men truly believed concerning God’s commands?


22. Fill in the blanks of the climactic question in 6:20:

“Who is able to stand before , this ?”

How would you answer this question?

Read Psalm 24,

paying special

attention to verses

3–6. Who does this

psalm describe?

How does the answer

you wrote help you

serve God rightly,

with both a reverent

awe for His holiness

and a perfect

assurance regarding

His love for you?

▼ A P P LY





▲ W R A P - U P


f

f

Knowing that God is

shows me that I am

.



N O T E S

Last week, we saw God’s holiness and justice on display as both His enemies and His covenant people attempted to use Him for their own means. The Israelites entered into a familiar cycle of disobedience, affliction, repentance and rescue. Amidst their losses, God graciously preserved his prophet Samuel, the last judge of Israel. This week, we will see what happens in the hearts of those who return to the Lord and the victory found through trusting Him. Yet, for Israel, even miraculous victories against their enemies cannot overcome their forgetfulness. Israel rejects God as King and looks for an earthly monarch to take His place, so they may be like the nations.

A King Like the Nations

1 Samuel 7:3–10:27

4

42

W E E K F O U R A King Like the Nations 43


Chapter 7:

Chapter 8:

Chapter 9:

Chapter 10:

2. Match each of the following characters from this week’s reading with the most fitting description:

Samuel Anointed king of Israel Kish Asks for a king like other nations have Joel/Abijah Father of Saul, a Benjaminite Saul Wicked priests, sons of Samuel People of Israel Judge of Israel who leads the nation in repentance and a time of peace

Next to each character’s name, note a +, - or N depending on whether you think the author wants you to view that character in a positive, negative or neutral light.

⊲ R E A D

1 Samuel 7:3–10:27 from startto finish.

44 W E E K F O U R A King Like the Nations

3. Twenty years have passed since the ark was taken to Kiriath-jearim under the care of Eleazar. The nation of Israel has spent those years in lament after the Lord (7:1–2). Samuel presents them with an “if/then” statement. Fill in the blanks from 7:3:

“If you are to the with , then...”

List every action Samuel calls the people of Israel to take in 7:3–5:

4. Baal and Ashtoreth were Canaanite deities believed to hold authority over crops, fertility and military strength. Why do you think God’s covenant people kept foreign gods among them?

Why was it critical that the Israelites rid themselves of foreign gods in order to return to the Lord (7:4)?

⊲ E X P L O R E



5. In the chart, contrast Israel’s battles with the Philistines in 4:1–11 and 7:3–14.

6. How does Israel’s choice to rely on prayer as their weapon against the Philistines demonstrate a true heart change (7:8)?

B A T T L E 1 B A T T L E 2

summArize isrAel’s

belief About tHeir rigHt

to god’s diVine Aid.

4:3 7:3, 7:8

4:3–5 7:8

4:10 7:13

4:11 7:14

WHAt WeApon does isrAel

employ?

WHo is defeAted?

WHAt is tHeend result?


7. Who do you think is responsible for Israel’s victory against the Philistines? Give evidence from the text to support your answer.

8. The stone that Samuel arranged at Mizpah held an important purpose and significance (7:12).

What was the name of the stone?

What does the name mean?

“Till now has .”

What was the stone’s purpose? Compare Joshua 4:1–9 to help with your answer.

9. What is the main idea in 7:13–17? Based on these verses, list several adjectives you would use to describe:

God

Samuel

Israel


What circumstance or

sin pattern challenges

your belief in God’s

faithfulness today?

How do your

“Ebenezers” spur you

toward perseverance?

List two specific ways.

The fruit of victory

meant restoration,

deliverance and peace

for the people of God.

Read the lyrics to

“Come Thou Fount

of Every Blessing.”

What are the

“Ebenezers” in

your own life that

remind you of God’s

past faithfulness?

Note them here.

▼ A P P LY

Come, Thou Fount of every blessing

Tune my heart to sing Thy grace

Streams of mercy, never ceasing

Call for songs of loudest praise

Teach me some melodious sonnet

Sung by flaming tongues above

Praise the mount, I’m fixed upon it

Mount of Thy redeeming love

Here I raise my Ebenezer

Here by Thy great help I’ve come

And I hope, by Thy good pleasure

Safely to arrive at home

Jesus sought me when a stranger

Wandering from the fold of God

He, to rescue me from danger

Interposed His precious blood

come tHou fou nt


10. What action does Samuel take in 8:1?

What is the outcome (8:3)?

Look at Judges 2:16. How were Israel’s judges appointed in the past? Did Samuel follow this precedent?

11. What reasons do the elders of Israel give to Samuel to explain their desire for a king (8:4–5)?

How does Samuel respond (8:6)?

Paraphrase how God responds in 8:7–9 in one sentence:

12. Do you think it was wrong for Israel to request a king? Why or why not? Compare God’s response with Deuteronomy 17:14–20 to help you with your answer.

⊲ E X P L O R E



13. A monarchy would undoubtedly mean change for the lives of the Israelites. Fill in the chart, noting all that Israel stood to gain and lose by having an earthly king (8:10–18).

14. What is the desire revealed in 8:20 underlying Israel’s request for an earthly king?

“... that we also may be like the , and that our king may judge us and go out before us and fight our battles.”

G A I N L O S E


How does this response follow the pattern of their earlier thinking in 4:3–5?

15. Why do you think God allows Israel to have an earthly king despite the suffering it will bring (8:21–22)?

Look up Leviticus

20:26 and write it

here. Despite being

a nation called and

set apart for God,

Israel wanted to be

like other nations.

Think about your

relationship to things

like money, property,

entertainment, family

members, peers,

activities and so on.

In what ways are you

guilty of trying to be

like the world around

you rather than set

apart for God? In

what practical ways

could you live so as

to demonstrate your

citizenship in heaven?

▼ A P P LY


16. How does the text describe Saul in 9:1–2? Why do you think the author emphasizes these particular familial connections and characteristics?

17. Fill in the chart below, giving a brief description to each of the three specific events that led Saul to meet Samuel:

18. Scan 9:15–17. What are the two purposes God says Saul will accomplish?

9:16

9:17 (compare in the niV)

⊲ E X P L O R E


9:3–4

9:5–10

9:11–14


19. Look up the word “seer” in a dictionary. In your own words, write a definition below that best fits the way it’s used in the text.

How is “seer” an appropriate synonym for “prophet”?

20. What message does Samuel the seer reveal to Saul? How does Saul respond (9:19–21)?

21. Samuel arranges a significant meal for Saul (9:22–24). Look up Leviticus 7:32–33 and note what it adds to your understanding of the menu:

seer (noun):


22. Samuel privately anoints Saul as king over Israel and then prophesies over him. What are the three events he says will take place?

10:1–2

10:3–4

10:5–7

⊲ E X P L O R E


God orchestrates a

series of “ordinary”

events that lead

Saul to Samuel, who

charges him with

his critical role in

Israel’s future. Look

up Proverbs 16:9

and write it here.

How have you seen

the providence of God

unfold in your own

story? What are some

examples of ways

He has orchestrated

events to move you

into the good work

He prepared for you?

▼ A P P LY


23. Compare 10:9 in the esV, net and niV. Write the verse in your own words:

24. What happens to Saul in 10:9 that highlights the change he experiences?

How do the people respond (10:10–12)? To understand the sense of their words, compare Mark 6:1–4.

How does your answer above help explain why Saul withholds specific information from his uncle (10:14–16)?

25. Note the contrast between the personal pronouns in 10:18 and 10:19. What is being communicated?


If God is appointing Saul as king, why do you think He begins the formal process on such a negative note?

26. If God had already confirmed Saul as His choice, why do you think Samuel walked Israel through the process of casting lots (10:20–24)?

27. In 10:26–27, what principle do the contrasting responses of the two groups of men illustrate? Compare Romans 13:1–2 to help with your answer.

28. Compare Saul’s behavior in 9:21, 10:16 and 10:21.

Place a ✓ by the word(s) that describe Saul’s response to the Lord’s divine call on his life:

☐ Humility ☐ Self-pity ☐ Fear ☐ Embarrassment


Saul was chosen by

God for a specific

purpose, yet he lacked

confidence in his

calling. In what sphere

of your life do you

doubt God’s ability to

use you? How would

walking in a greater

confidence in God

affect your ability

to minister in each

of the areas noted?

▼ A P P LY At home?

In the church?

In your community?





▲ W R A P - U P


f

f

Knowing that God is

shows me that I am

.



N O T E S

Last week, we saw Israel’s demand for a king despite the warning of God’s righteous servant, Samuel. God granted their request and gave them Saul, a man who met all the exterior qualifications of a king. But what kind of king will he be? Will he represent the character and heart of God to the people? Will the people follow him? These next few chapters begin to answer these questions as we get our first glimpse of King Saul. We will see him lead a mighty deliverance but also witness early signs of the consequences that come with being a man after man’s own heart.

Saul’s Victory and Unfaithfulness

1 Samuel 11–13

5

60

W E E K F I V E Saul’s Victory and Unfaithfulness 61


Chapter 11:

Chapter 12:

Chapter 13:

2. This week, the picture of Saul as Israel’s first king continues to develop. As you read through each chapter, list words or phrases used to describe Saul and his actions.

3. Chapter 11 opens with a neighboring nation easily defeating a group of Israelites. What does this scene indicate about the plight of Israel at the time Saul became king?

⊲ R E A D

1 Samuel 11–13from startto finish.

⊲ E X P L O R E


62 W E E K F I V E Saul’s Victory and Unfaithfulness

4. What do the men of Jabesh request of Nahash (11:1)?

What treaty condition does Nahash require? Why do you think it would bring disgrace on all of Israel (11:2)?

What does Nahash allow the men of Jabesh to do in 11:3? Having already defeated them, what do you think motivates him to make such an allowance?

5. What happens to Saul immediately after he hears the news about the men of Jabesh (11:6)? Why do you think the author mentions this detail?

6. In five words or less, restate the command Saul gives to the people of Israel in 11:7.


7. Compare 11:13 and 11:2. How are the men in these verses similar? How are they different?

8. Gilgal was the site where Joshua and the people erected the 12 stones of remembrance after crossing the Jordan River and entering the Promised Land for the first time (Josh. 4:1–24). Why would Samuel choose this site as the place to make Saul king and “renew the kingdom” (11:14–15)?

9. How has the demeanor of the people changed from 11:4 to 11:15? Compare them and note what you find.

S I M I L A R I T I E S D I F F E R E N C E S


10. List the potential charges Samuel poses against himself to the people in 12:1–3.

1. 2.

3.

4.

5.

In this short chapter,

the people move from

weeping to rejoicing

because of God’s

deliverance. Read

Psalm 30:11–12. In

what ways has God

brought you from

sorrow to celebration?

Now read Revelation

21:4. In what ways

are you still longing

for God to make

things right?

▼ A P P LY

⊲ E X P L O R E



Is Samuel guilty of any of these charges? How are they similar to Samuel’s first speech in 8:10–18?

11. Fill out the chart below, listing the righteous deeds Samuel says God has done for Israel and their fathers, along with their respective responses (12:6–7).

12. Compare Israel’s behavior to the behavior of their fathers. How is it similar? How is it different?

G O D ’ S R I G H T E O U S D E E D S T H E P E O P L E ’ S R E S P O N S E

isrAel’s fAtHers

12:8 12:9

12:11 12:12

isrAel


13. Put a ✓ next to the sentence below that best summarizes the overall message of Samuel’s speech:

☐ The people asked for a king because Samuel had failed to lead them and represent them to God.

☐ The people asked for a king because God failed to keep His promises to them as His chosen people.

☐ The people asked for a king because, like their fathers before them, they did not trust God and believed a human king would succeed where they believed God had failed.

14. What conditional blessing and corresponding curse does Samuel present to the people in 12:14–15? Summarize it below:

15. The wheat harvest began a few months after the rainy season ended, making thunderstorms extremely rare. What reason does Samuel give for asking God to send the storm? How would this sign have supported Samuel’s message (12:17–18)?

I F . . . T H E N . . .

blessing12:14

curse12:15


16. In 12:19, what do the people confess and what do they ask Samuel to do for them?

17. Fill in the chart below with the instructions Samuel gives the people (12:20–21):

The Israelites are

unfaithful to God

partly because they

forget all the “righteous

deeds” He has done

for them. How does

remembering what

God has done for you

help protect you from

sin? What “righteous

deeds” has God done

for you recently?

▼ A P P LY

⊲ E X P L O R E


W H AT T H E P E O P L E S H O U L D D O W H AT T H E P E O P L E S H O U L D N O T D O


18. In 12:14, Samuel tells the people to “fear the Lord,” but in 12:20 he says, “Do not be afraid.” Do you think these commands conflict? Why or why not?

19. What does Samuel point to as motivation for the people’s obedience?

12:22

12:24

What “empty things”

most attract you and

distract you from

following the Lord?

List three examples.

God responds to Israel

with astounding grace

and love. Is it hard

for you to believe God

responds to you with

the same grace when

you “turn aside after

empty things”? How

does God’s treatment of

Israel give you greater

confidence of His

love and faithfulness

in your own life?

▼ A P P LY

1.

2.

3.


20. What causes the Philistines to go to war against Israel (13:1–4)?

21. How are the Philistines described (13:5)?

And the Philistines mustered to fight with Israel, chariots and

horsemen and troops like the on the in multitude.

After seeing them, how does Israel respond (13:6–7)?

22. Look at 13:8–15. Summarize what happens in you own words:

23. What do you think motivated Saul to speed up the offering instead of waiting on Samuel?

⊲ E X P L O R E



24. Circle the word(s) that best describe(s) Saul’s response to Samuel:

repentAnce self-justificAtion blAme-sHifting Humility

25. What are the consequences of Saul’s sin? Why do you think they are so severe (13:13–14)?

26. Compare 13:2 with 13:15b. What change has happened to Saul’s army?

27. What alarming comparisons are we given between Saul’s army and the Philistine army in 13:15b–23?

S A U L’ S A R M Y P H I L I S T I N E A R M Y

size13:15b 13:5

13:16 13:16–18

13:19–22 13:5

locAtion(s) occupied

WeApons


28. What changes do you see in Saul from chapter 11 to 13?

Saul allowed fear of

his circumstances to

dictate his behavior

instead of fear of the

Lord. In what ways are

you tempted to allow

your circumstances

to outweigh the

voice of God?

▼ A P P LY





▲ W R A P - U P


f

f

Knowing that God is

shows me that I am

.



N O T E S

Last week, we began to see the flaws in Israel’s new king, as well as the consequences they would bring. Israel’s army is diminished and disarmed before the mighty Philistine forces. Will Saul return to the trust and virtue he displayed when first commissioned by Samuel? Can he still be a king after God’s heart to rightly lead the people? In these next few chapters, Saul’s rash behavior and misplaced confidence answer these questions in decisive fashion.

Saul’s Downfall

1 Samuel 14–15

6

76

W E E K S I X Saul’s Downfall 77


Chapter 14:

Chapter 15:

2. This week, the picture of Saul as Israel’s first king continues to develop. As you read through each chapter, list words or phrases that describe Saul and his actions:

3. How does this portion of the narrative connect logically to what happened in the previous chapter?

4. In 14:3, who is listed with Saul? Look back at 4:12–22 to refresh your memory on this person’s family connections. Why do you think the author includes these details?

⊲ R E A D


⊲ E X P L O R E


78 W E E K S I X Saul’s Downfall

5. In 14:6, what mission does Jonathan propose? Fill in the blanks:

“It may be that the will work for us, for nothing can hinder the from saving by many or by few.”

What does Jonathan’s statement indicate about his view of God?

6. Before he attacks the Philistines, Jonathan waits for a sign from God. In your own words, describe the sign (14:8–10).

7. What is the outcome of Jonathan’s mission (14:11–15)?

8. In 14:18, Saul asks Ahijah to bring the ark so he can discern

if the Lord wants him to join Jonathan’s attack against the Philistines. Put a ✓ by the phrase(s) below that best describe(s) the reason for his change of mind in 14:19.

☐ He was being impatient. ☐ He was being strategic. ☐ He was being anxious. ☐ He was being self-reliant. ☐ He was trusting in God.


Where in Scripture have we seen this kind of behavior from Saul before?

9. What interesting detail do we learn in 14:21 about some of those who had sided with the Philistines? What insight does this give you into the state of Israel’s health?

10. Who receives credit for Israel’s victory (14:23)? How do you reconcile this statement with Saul’s actions in 14:16–20?

In what areas of your

life are you prone to

impatience with God

and acting on your

own wisdom? What

is one change you can

make this week to live

more like Jonathan

and less like Saul,

patiently waiting on

the Lord as He leads

you by His voice?

▼ A P P LY


11. Compare 14:24 in both the esV and niV. Why are the men “hard pressed”?

What does the people’s unquestioning obedience to Saul’s command indicate about their regard for his authority (14:24–26)?

12. What is Jonathan’s assessment of his father’s vow (14:29–30)? How does it show wisdom?

13. After defeating the Philistines, what does Israel’s hunger drive the soldiers to do (14:32)?

Why does Saul respond by building an altar (see Lev. 3:17; 7:26–27)?

⊲ E X P L O R E



14. What causes Saul to believe the people had sinned (14:36–37)?

15. The Urim and Thummim were part of the high priest’s ephod (linen garment). They were two stones used for casting lots to determine the will of God. Saul uses them in 14:40–42. Considering his sinful sacrifice and makeshift high priest in chapter 13 and his vow and his trial of Jonathan in chapter 14, how would you describe Saul’s ability to discern God’s will?

16. What reason do the people give to ransom Jonathan (14:45)?

17. The closing verses of chapter 14 tell us a number of specific details for very specific reasons. In the chart below, summarize each detail and give your best answer as to why it is included for our benefit:

W H A T I S D E T A I L E D W H Y W E N E E D T O K N O W I T

14:47–48

14:49–51

14:52


18. What people does God command Saul to devote to destruction in 15:1–3?

These people were well-known figures in Israel’s history, hated for being the first enemy to oppose Israel in battle and capitalizing on their weakness as they fled from Egypt (Ex. 17:8–16). Read Deuteronomy 25:17–19. What did Moses emphasize to Israel just before they entered the Promised Land?

How does this background information shape your understanding of 15:1–3?

Saul’s fear and pride

result in rash words

and actions that harm

his people and almost

cause the death of his

own son. What fears

are most likely to cloud

your judgment in key

decisions? How has

pride led you to speak

or act rashly?

What lesson can

you take away from

Saul’s example?

⊲ E X P L O R E


▼ A P P LY


19. Skim back through 15:1–35. How many times does the phrase “devote to destruction” appear?

List everything God commanded Saul to destroy when he attacked the Amalekites (15:3).

and

and

and

and

Welcome to one of the most difficult themes of the Old Testament. It is difficult to reconcile a loving God with a command like this one. We will discuss the “why” of the command further during the teaching time, but for now, look up Deuteronomy 20:16–18 and note what you learn.


20. Though our eyes are drawn toward the drama of the command itself, the text focuses on obedience. Using the list from question 19, note the commands that Saul and the people fulfill in verses 15:7–9. How do their actions compare with God’s original command in 15:3?

21. Why do you think Saul and the people spare Agag and the best of the animals (15:9)?

S I M I L A R I T I E S D I F F E R E N C E S


22. What does God say in response to Saul’s actions (15:11)?

“I that I have made Saul ...”

We will discuss this in the teaching, but for now, if God never changes, what do you think it means for God to “regret”? Give your best answer.

23. List below a few words that describe Saul’s initial response to Samuel in 15:13. What do you think Saul believes about his actions? Give evidence from the text to support your answer.

⊲ E X P L O R E


God gives Saul very

specific instructions,

which Saul responds

to with partial

obedience. Why is

partial obedience

such an offense

against God?

In what area of your

life are you prone to

listen selectively to

the words of God?

▼ A P P LY


24. In the space below, rewrite the dialogue between Samuel and Saul in 15:14–21 in your own words. Try to capture what you believe to be the tone of the dialogue in your paraphrase.

Samuel (15:14)

Saul (15:15)

Samuel (15:16–19)

Saul (15:20–21)

25. Fill in the blanks from 15:22:

“Behold, to is better than ...”

How do you think Saul’s actions would have differed if he had believed this truth?

26. In 15:24–31, do you think Saul responds with repentance? Why or why not?


27. Why do you think Samuel kills Agag? Why with such violence versus a quick and clean death (15:32–33)?

28. In 15:34, we are told the destinations of both Samuel and Saul. Who goes where?

Locate these two towns on the map in Appendix A. How far apart are they? How does this geographical detail shape your reading of 15:35?

When confronted

about his sin, Saul

does not repent.

He fails to take

responsibility for his

actions. How do you

respond to loving

confrontation? Who

in your life have

you invited to hold

you accountable to

walk in holiness?

▼ A P P LY





▲ W R A P - U P


f

f

Knowing that God is

shows me that I am

.



N O T E S

Despite the disobedience we saw from Saul in last week’s lesson, Samuel rightly grieves the king’s downfall. He understands the stakes. Still, God immediately commissions the prophet to anoint the next king of Israel, this time one of His own choosing. In these chapters, we will see simultaneously Saul’s demise and David’s rise to the throne.

A New King

1 Samuel 16–19

7

92

W E E K S E V E N A New King 93


Chapter 16:

Chapter 17:

Chapter 18:

Chapter 19:

2. Deliverance is a major theme in these chapters. Write below the definition for God as “Deliverer” from Appendix b in the back of your workbook.

⊲ R E A D


94 W E E K S E V E N A New King

3. Why does God send Samuel to Jesse the Bethlehemite (16:1)?

4. What would motivate Saul to kill Samuel if he heard about him going to meet Jesse? How does God respond to Samuel’s concerns (16:2–3)?

5. Why do you think the elders are afraid of Samuel when he arrives (16:4)?

6. Look back at 9:2 and 10:23–24 and note the similarities between Eliab and Saul (16:7).

Why does the Lord reject Eliab? Fill in the wording below:

“For the Lord sees not as sees: man looks on the , but the Lord looks on the .”

⊲ E X P L O R E



What statement does the Lord repeat as Jesse’s first seven sons pass before Him? Why not just say, “Not him”?

7. What happens to David immediately after he is anointed (16:13)? How is this significant?

▼ A P P LY

Read 1 Corinthians

1:26–29. Describe

a time when you

judged a person based

on their external

appearance only to

find out later they

were not as they

seemed. What did

you learn from that

experience? What

biblical advice would

you give to yourself

in hindsight?


8. Look at 16:13–14. Draw a line connecting each name with the word that describes the Holy Spirit’s activity in his life.

David Spirit departed Saul Spirit rushed upon

9. Which of the following do you think best describes the “harmful spirit” that tormented Saul? Give your best answer.

☐ A demon doing Satan’s will ☐ The Holy Spirit directly tormenting Saul ☐ A spirit, perhaps demonic, allowed by God’s permission

10. What do Saul’s servants suggest as a solution to his issue (16:16)?

11. List the characteristics used to describe David in 16:18. Put an “�” next to the ones that most set apart David from Saul.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

⊲ E X P L O R E



12. How does Saul feel about David? Give evidence from the text for your response.

13. God uses the newly anointed king to bring comfort to the newly rejected king (16:23). Why do you think He does this?

God places David

into a position of

trust and affection

with a man who will

soon become his most

dangerous adversary.

David will dwell for

only a brief time in

the house of Saul.

Reflect on the familiar

words of David in

Psalm 23:5–6. How

have you experienced

the Lord work in

similar ways through

a relationship that

started in friendship

and ended in enmity?

How do David’s

words from Psalm

23 offer comfort?

▼ A P P LY


14. What details do we learn about Goliath’s appearance and armor? List them below (17:4–7).

In 17:8–11, what message does Goliath shout out to Israel? Summarize it in your own words.


“For who is this Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the God?”

What do you think David wants to communicate by using these two adjectives? Note the tone of his statement.

16. Why is David confident in God’s ability to deliver him from Goliath (17:34–37)?

⊲ E X P L O R E

Now look at 1 Samuel 17.


17. In 17:45–47, David delivers a powerful message to Goliath. Read it out loud and then fill in the blanks below:

Goliath ridicules the God of Israel, but it is God who defeats him using only a slingshot and a stone. What principle does this story emphasize? Look at 2 Corinthians 12:9–10 to help with your answer.

18. Since Saul first met David in 16:19–23, why do you think Saul asks him about his father in 17:58? We will discuss this in the teaching, but give your best answer.

Who will deliver Goliath into the hand of David?

Who doesn’t “save with sword or spear”?

Whose battle is it?

In whose name does David come?


19. List the items that Jonathan gives to David in 18:4. What do you think Jonathan’s gift symbolizes?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

20. Saul tries and fails to kill David on two separate occasions. What does he do next to try and bring about his death? Why? (18:13; see also 18:17b)

Is there a situation in

your life where God’s

honor is at stake?

What are you willing

to risk to defend it?

▼ A P P LY

⊲ E X P L O R E

Now look at 1 Samuel 18–19.


21. What happens to David in his new role? Fill in the blanks from 18:14:

And David had in all his undertakings, for the

.

Skim 18:1–27. What repeated emotion does Saul experience at hearing of David’s success?

22. Summarize all that David is required to do before he can marry Saul’s second daughter, Michal (18:20–27). Why did Saul make the process so difficult?

23. In 19:4–5, Jonathan boldly calls out his father’s sinful actions. What is ironic about his statement? Read these two verses again, substituting Jonathan’s name in place of David’s to help with your answer. Then compare 14:45.


24. In 19:1–24, Saul tries to kill David four times, and each time David escapes. Fill in the chart by summarizing the main points of each nearly fatal encounter:

25. What does Michal mean by her response to Saul’s question in 19:17? Read this verse in the net to help with your answer.

26. We will discuss this during the teaching time, but what do you think it means when the author describes Saul and his messengers “prophesying” in 19:20–24? Give your best answer.

H O W D O E S S A U L T R Y T O K I L L D A V I D ?

H O W D O E S D A V I D E S C A P E ?

19:1–7

19:8–10

19:11–17

19:18–24


27. What does Saul remove in 19:24? Why is this significant? Look at 15:27 and 18:4 to help you with your answer.

If you are a child

of God, He is with

you just like He was

with David. Do you

think people in your

life know this to be

true about you? Are

you living in a way

that acknowledges

God’s work in

your life? What

are some concrete

examples people

could point to?

▼ A P P LY





▲ W R A P - U P


f

f

Knowing that God is

shows me that I am

.



N O T E S

The relationship between Jonathan and David is as much about covenant as it is about friendship. Jonathan demonstrates sacrificial commitment because of his faith in the Lord. He knows David will be king and he wants to play a part in what God is doing. Similar to David, Jonathan also gives us a picture of Christ. In contrast, Saul gives us a picture of rebellion against God’s grace. He is all that we were and would continue to be apart from redemption. Saul continues to pursue David, but the Lord governs every movement.

David’s First Flight

1 Samuel 20–24

8

108

W E E K E I G H T David’s First Flight 109

1. Summarize what happens in each chapter in 2–3 sentences. note: Because so much transpires, it may be helpful to ask yourself, “What do I see God doing in this section of Scripture?”

Chapter 20:

Chapter 21:

Chapter 22:

Chapter 23:

Chapter 24:

⊲ R E A D


110 W E E K E I G H T David’s First Flight

2. Immediately following Saul’s attack, who does David seek out and why (20:1)?

3. What do David and Jonathan agree to do to determine whether or not Saul desires harm (20:5–17)?

4. Fill out the chart by listing the two key phrases Jonathan says he will use to confirm David’s safety, as well as their meaning:


“For as long as the son of lives on the earth, neither nor kingdom shall be .”

⊲ E X P L O R E

Now shift your focus to 1 Samuel 20.

K E Y P H R A S E M E A N I N G

20:21

20:22


Why do you think Saul makes this statement? Does he mean it as a threat or a statement of fact?

6. Jonathan confirms that Saul desperately wants David dead. At their parting, why do you think the author tells us that David wept the most (20:41)?

7. In 20:42, Jonathan tells David to “go in peace,” yet David is heading to exile in the wilderness. What kind of peace do you think David will have there?

Read John 16:33

and note what Jesus

teaches about peace

in times of turmoil.

Think about a time

when God gave

you peace during

what felt like exile

in the wilderness.

How did He sustain

you? How did He

calm your fears?

▼ A P P LY


8. “Provider” is one of God’s attributes listed in Appendix b. List what God provides for David in each of the following sections:

9. Why do you think Ahimelech is afraid when David arrives alone on his doorstep (21:1)?

10. Why do you think David lies about his reason for coming? How might his lie have served to protect Ahimelech (21:2)?

⊲ E X P L O R E

Now look at 1 Samuel 21–22.

21:1–6

22:1–2

21:10–15

22:5

21:7–9

22:3–4

W H A T G O D P R O V I D E S F O R D A V I D


11. Eating the consecrated bread meant that David could be condemned as a lawbreaker. Compare Matthew 12:1–8. How does Jesus interpret David’s actions?

12. In 21:10, David goes to Achish, the king of Gath. Look back to 17:4. Who else lived in Gath?

Why do you think David acts like a madman in the presence of Achish and his servants (21:13)?

13. Who joins David at the cave of Adullam (22:1–2)? List the three groups:

1.

2.

3.

14. Why does David feel as if he could ask a favor of the king of Moab (22:3–4)? Read Ruth 1:22 and 4:17 to help with your answer.


15. Who reveals David’s location to Saul (22:9)?

the

Describe the resulting conversation Saul and Ahimelech have in 22:13–14. What does Saul ask? How does Ahimelech respond?

How does Saul respond to the servants’ refusal to kill the prophets (22:17–18)? Look back at 2:30–33. How does it shape your understanding of this scene?

16. Why does David offer Abiathar protection in 22:23?

“...for he who my your .”

What does this reveal about David’s character?


17. In 23:1–10, what behavior does David repeat before taking any action?

In a variety of rather

unusual ways, God

provides David

with daily bread,

escape, provision

for his family and a

priest to offer divine

direction. Do you feel

like you’re able to

see God’s provision

in your life? Write

a recent example of

God’s provision for

you and share it with

your small group.

▼ A P P LY

⊲ E X P L O R E


23:2

23:10

23:4

B E H A V I O R O F D A V I D B E F O R E T A K I N G A C T I O N


18. When Abiathar flees to David, what does he bring with him (23:6)?

Why do you think the author mentions this detail? Remember our discussion of the Urim and Thummim and this item during the teaching time in week 6. You can also look at Exodus 28:1–14 to help with your answer.

19. How big is David’s army now (23:13)?

20. According to 23:16, why does Jonathan visit David?

“To his hand .”

Specifically, how did Jonathan do this (23:17–18)?


21. While David consults the Lord, who does Saul consult in 23:19–24?

22. Why was David’s hiding place called the “Rock of Escape”? How was he delivered from Saul and the Ziphites (23:24–29)?

23. What advantage does Saul inadvertently present to David (24:1–3)?

Like David, we rely

upon God, our Rock

of Escape in times

of trouble. Read

Psalm 54, noting

the heading at the

top. What “rocks

of escape” has God

provided in your life?

▼ A P P LY

⊲ E X P L O R E



What do David’s men urge him to do (24:4a)?

24. How does David respond (24:4b)?

Then David arose and cut off a of Saul’s .

Why is this significant? Look back at 15:27–28 to help you with your answer.

25. What reason does David give for why he is not trying to harm Saul? How does Saul respond? Summarize their exchange:

D A V I D24:8–15

S A U L24:16–21


26. In 24:21, Saul asks David to make him a promise. But to whom has David already made the same promise? Look back at 20:42 for help.

27. Note the pronouns Saul uses in 24:21 while pleading with David:

“Swear to therefore by the Lord that you will not cut off offspring after , and that you will not destroy name out of father’s house.”

What do you think motivates him to request this of David?

Like Saul, we too can

be guilty of striving

to preserve our name

instead of God’s. In

what area of your

life are you tempted

to make a name for

yourself instead of

seeking to exalt God?

What does that look

like practically?

▼ A P P LY





▲ W R A P - U P


f

f

Knowing that God is

shows me that I am

.



N O T E S

Last week, we saw David exercise tremendous restraint in his dealings with the king of Israel. This week, we find him in need of restraint in his dealings with a local Israelite. God’s chosen king proves he isn’t perfect, but unlike Saul, who seeks his own power apart from the Lord, David is attuned to the Word of the Lord and is quick to submit to its authority. As David wanders and eventually settles within foreign territory, God is crafting him for kingship. Just as David’s character matures, Saul’s disintegrates, despite entering the story with great stature and strength.

David’s Second and Third Flights

1 Samuel 25–28

9

124

W E E K N I N E David’s Second and Third Flights 125


Chapter 25:

Chapter 26:

Chapter 27:

Chapter 28:

2. What significant event opens the chapter? Does it offer a sense of closure? Why or why not?

⊲ R E A D


⊲ E X P L O R E


126 W E E K N I N E David’s Second and Third Flights

3. In chapter 25, we are introduced to two new characters. Fill in the chart with the name and description of each character in 25:3.

4. What does David send his men to request from Nabal?

Why does David expect Nabal to fulfill his request (25:7–8, 14–16)?

5. Fill in the blanks from 25:11.

“Shall I take bread and water and meat that I have killed for shearers and

give it to men who come from I do not know where?”

N A M E D E S C R I P T I O N


What does Nabal’s answer to David’s request expose about Nabal’s character?

6. Read David’s response (25:12–13) and note the following:

Number of times the word “sword” appears Number of men David takes with him

What is David determined to do?

Contrast David’s intention with his words and actions in 17:47 and 24:8–13. Do you think that his decision to deal violently with Nabal is how God expects His chosen king to act?

7. In 25:18–31, Abigail implements a plan to stop David from killing Nabal and all the men in Nabal’s household. Identify the three main parts of her plan:

pArt one – What does Abigail bring David (25:18, 27)?

pArt tWo – What does Abigail warn David against (25:26)?

pArt tHree – What does Abigail remind David of (25:28–31)?


8. Fill in the chart according to the verses listed:

9. By the end of chapter 25, how many wives does David have?

Is this cause for concern or no big deal? Look at Deuteronomy 17:16–17 to help with your answer.

W H O R E S T R A I N E D D A V I D ? W H A T W A S D A V I D R E S T R A I N E D F R O M ?

25:26

25:33

25:34

25:39


10. Once again, David is pursued by Saul. But a new helper enters the scene, Abishai the son of Zeruiah. When David and Abishai arrive at Saul’s camp, they both develop a plan of action. Summarize each man’s plan (26:7–11):

Abishai

David

11. In 26:10, what are the three different scenarios David imagines for Saul’s death?

God’s intervention

saved David from

acting in sinful

vengeance. Like

David, are you quick

to praise God for

restraining you from

doing wrong? What

are some of the ways

God has intervened

in your life to keep

you from sin?

▼ A P P LY

⊲ E X P L O R E



What lesson has David learned from the outcome of his run-in with Nabal (25:36–39)?

12. David takes Saul’s spear as proof that he was in his

pursuer’s camp. The spear is also a symbol of something else. Look up 18:10–11, 20:33 and 22:6 and give your best guess as to what Saul’s spear symbolizes.

13. This story should feel very familiar. Match the major elements of the first time David spares Saul’s life in chapters 23–24 to the correct reference in chapter 26’s account:

The Ziphites tip off Saul to David’s location (23:19–20)

Saul is vulnerable (24:3)

David’s men urge him to strike (24:4)

David acquires a symbolic object (24:4b)

David refuses to harm Saul, the Lord’s anointed (24:5–6)

David pleads his case to Saul (24:8–15)

Saul inquires, “Is this your voice my son David?” (24:16)

Saul is penitent (24:17–18)

David responds (24:21–22)

Saul speaks a blessing over David (24:19–20)

David and Saul part ways (24:22)

Why do you think both stories are included in the narrative, instead of just one?

26:18–20

26:1

26:22–24

26:8

26:11

26:9–11

26:17

26:25b

26:25

26:21

26:7


14. Considering Saul’s previous confession in chapter 24, does David have a reason to trust Saul to keep to his word this time around?

Who does David choose to trust instead (26:23–24)?

David was only given

a small picture of how

God would deal with

Saul and bring about

his own kingship. He

did not know how

God would fulfill

His promises but he

did know he was not

supposed to kill Saul

himself. In what areas

of your life is God

asking you to exercise

trust in His unknown

ways and also to

exercise obedience

to His explicit

commands? Write

a prayer for the

Spirit’s help in both

trusting God with

what you don’t know

and obeying Him

in what you do.

▼ A P P LY



Then David in , “Now I shall perish one day by the hand of Saul. There is

for me than that I should escape to the land of the Philistines. Then Saul will despair of seeking me any longer within the borders of Israel, and I shall escape out of his hand.”

Now look up Psalm 42:5 and contrast it with David’s words in 27:1. Which approach to processing the legitimate concerns of life is worthy of emulation?

16. While David is in Philistia, he conducts raids in the surrounding areas. Fill in the chart below with the three areas David actually raids and then fill in the three he reports to Achish that he raids (27:8–10):

⊲ E X P L O R E


A C T U A L R A I D S

of isrAel

R E P O R T E D R A I D S

of isrAel


☐ Look up Exodus 17:8–16. Having read about the Amalekites, are the people that David actually raids historically friends of Israel or enemies of Israel? Write your answer in the blank on the chart.

☐ Look up 1 Samuel 18:16. Having read about Judah, are the people that David deceptively reports to Achish that he has raided friends of Israel or enemies of Israel? Write your answer in the blank on the chart.

17. This isn’t the first time we have seen Achish, the king of Gath. From his previous interactions, David has reason to believe he can successfully dupe Achish (21:10–15). What is it that David wants Achish to believe?

Is David right in his assessment of King Achish (27:12)?

18. David’s ruse may have been too convincing. What predicament does David find himself in after having won Achish’s trust (28:1–2)?


19. In one sentence, summarize the event that triggers Saul’s state of terror and his first attempt at finding help (28:4–6):

What is Saul’s alternate plan (28:7–11)?

The story we tell

ourselves influences our

behavior and choices.

Are you in the habit

of the psalmist who

reminded himself to

“hope in God” in the

face of worry, anxiety

and uncertainty? Or

are you more like David

in this chapter, prone

to reminding yourself

of your fears instead

of God’s faithfulness?

What is one specific

area where you are

speaking things to your

heart that undermine

your confidence in

God? How might you

change the mantras

of your mind to

remind yourself of

God’s faithfulness?

▼ A P P LY

⊲ E X P L O R E



20. When Samuel appears, how does the woman react (28:12)?

Is her reaction surprising? How might you have expected an experienced medium to react? What reason might she have for reacting the way she does?

21. Fill in the blanks from 28:15–16:

Then Samuel said to Saul, “Why have you disturbed me by bringing me up?” Saul answered, “I am in great distress, for the Philistines are warring against me, and

has turned and answers me no more, either by prophets or

by dreams. Therefore I have summoned you to tell me what I shall do.” And Samuel said, “Why then do you ask me, since the has turned from you and your ?”

Think back to where we left David in 28:1–2. Who is in a worse predicament, Saul or David? Explain your answer.


22. Samuel’s response to Saul reiterates the declaration he already made in 15:26–29. In comparing the two accounts, what new detail does Samuel reveal in 28:17?

What new information does Samuel give Saul about the impending battle with the Philistines (28:19)?

23. How does Saul handle all of Samuel’s news? Contrast the picture of Saul in 28:20–24 with the first description of him in 9:2.

24. Look back over chapters 25–28. In the chart below, note

the ways you see God proving that, regardless of who rules, ultimately He is the sovereign King over Israel:

E X A M P L E S O F G O D ’ S S O V E R E I G N R U L E

Chapter 25

Chapter 26

Chapter 27

Chapter 28


Saul’s desire for

authority and power

defined his kingship

and kept him from

submitting to the

ultimate authority

of God. How do you

react to the idea of

submitting to the

ultimate authority

of God? What keeps

you from recognizing

God’s authority

as something to be

enjoyed and embraced

versus something to be

resented and resisted?

▼ A P P LY





▲ W R A P - U P


f

f

Knowing that God is

shows me that I am

.



N O T E S

The closing chapters of 1 Samuel reveal a final contrast between Saul and David. Saul has been spiraling down to his own demise, displaying a life marked by self-sufficiency and a refusal to accept God as the ultimate King over Israel. Now David, while not perfect, demonstrates again his reliance on and acceptance of God as the source of his royal authority and direction. David tastes the sweetness of victory over his enemies and Saul the bitterness of death. As we watch Israel’s first monarch fall to his enemies, just as God promised he would, we aren’t left without hope. God has promised that He brings low but also exalts, and all eyes turn to the one God has named to rule over Israel.

David, the Philistines and the Amalekites

1 Samuel 29–31

10

142

W E E K T E N David, the Philistines and the Amalekites 143


Chapter 29:

Chapter 30:

Chapter 31:

2. In these chapters, how does God work quietly behind the scenes to bring about His purposes?

Why do you think God sometimes cloaks His sovereign hand in the mundane and unexpected instead of the obvious and exciting?

⊲ R E A D


144 W E E K T E N David, the Philistines and the Amalekites

3. When we last saw him in the narrative, David had been commissioned by Achish to be a part of his army, even his own bodyguard, against David’s own people (28:1–2). In the opening lines of chapter 29, what do we find David doing (29:1–2)? At this point, is there a clear way out of his predicament?

Imagine yourself in David’s position, among the ranks of the Philistines on the way to battle with Israel. What might he be feeling and thinking?

4. Who notices David and his men among the Philistine ranks (29:3)? What tone do you think the author intends for you to hear in their question?

⊲ E X P L O R E



5. Below is a list of descriptions given for David in 29:3–9. Based on your understanding of the story thus far, mark each one True or False:

the servant of Saul a deserter to Achish faultless in his loyalty to Achish worships a God who demands the defeat of the Philistines on the side of Israel sung of as mighty in war against the Philistines honest with Achish on the side of the Philistines blameless as an angel of God before Achish

Do you think it is easy or difficult to determine a clear verdict on David’s motives and loyalties in chapter 29?

6. What emotion do you think David feels when Achish tells him he cannot fight alongside the Philistine army?

What risk would he have run by agreeing to follow Achish’s directions too quickly?


7. In your opinion, should David have formed an alliance with the Philistines? Why or why not?

8. How long had David and his men been traveling when they returned home to Ziklag (30:1)?

Imagine how those men felt and what they were looking forward to upon arriving home. Contrast that with what they find when they arrive (30:1–3):

⊲ E X P L O R E


David is freed from

a terrible moral

dilemma (of his own

creation) through

the intervention

of the Philistine

commanders and the

gullibility of Achish.

Describe a time when

you saw God work

invisibly through

the words or actions

of His adversaries

for the good of His

children, whether

or not His children

deserved such favor.

▼ A P P LY


9. Who is responsible for the violence and destruction in Ziklag (30:1)? Why is this significant? Glance back at chapter 15 to help with your answer.

10. Compare the wartime actions of the Amalekites in Ziklag (30:2–3) with those of David (27:9). How does God work invisibly to protect David and his family?

11. How much strength do David and his men have left after mourning the capture of their wives and families (30:4)?

In addition to the great loss his people have suffered at the hands of the Amalekites, what personal reason does David have for being distressed (30:6)?

12. Where does David turn in his distress (30:6)?

But David himself in the his .


Look back at 27:1. Where did David turn the last time he was in despair?

How is his reaction to his current hardship an improvement?

13. David’s general statement about gathering strength from the Lord becomes specific, concrete action in 30:7–8. How does his resolve translate into “next steps”?

14. The Amalekites were nomadic raiders without a permanent settlement. They could have headed off in any direction at any time. Answer each question by checking “yes” or “no.”

☐ Yes ☐ No

☐ Yes ☐ No

☐ Yes ☐ No

In light of your answers, what “spiritual muscle” does David employ when he sets out to find the Amalekites (30:9)?

Is there any indication in verses 30:1–8 of where the Amalekites were going after they raided Ziklag?

Does God direct David to go find them (30:8)?

Does David obey God’s direction (30:9)?


15. How important to David’s mission is the slave that he and his men come upon in the open country (30:11–15)? How might David have treated him differently?

It is clear from the life of

David that our troubles

don’t cease when we

follow the Lord. While

we aren’t promised a

life without suffering,

we are promised

something else. Look

up Hebrews 4:14–16.

What does the author

of Hebrews tell us we

will find when we, like

David, use our access to

the presence of God and

seek Him in prayer?

When things get

rough, we can rely on

previously developed

spiritual habits to

help see us through.

List some specific ways

you can regularly

practice turning to

the Lord in His Word

and in prayer.

▼ A P P LY


16. When David and his men discover the Amalekites, what do they find them doing (30:16)? Were they expecting David and his men?

17. Fill in the blanks from 30:18–19:

David recovered that the Amalekites had taken, and David rescued his two wives.

, whether small or great, sons or daughters, spoil or anything that had been taken. David brought back .

Is there any room to argue that God did not make good on the promise He made to David when David sought Him in 30:8?

18. Another dispute breaks out when David and the 400 men who went with him to battle are reunited with the 200 men who stayed behind. What is the dispute and who brings it about (30:22)?

19. What reason does David give to dispute the claims the “wicked and worthless men” make to all the spoil they won from the Amalekites (30:23)?

⊲ E X P L O R E



Look up the following verses and note what mentality we should have about our possessions:

John 3:27

1 Corinthians 4:7

James 1:17

20. Look up Matthew 20:25–28 and note the similarities between the words of Jesus to His disciples and the words of David to his men in 30:23–25.

J E S U S T O H I S D I S C I P L E SmAttHeW 20:25–28

D A V I D T O H I S M E N1 sAmuel 30:23–25


21. The final chapter of 1 Samuel tells us the story of Saul’s death. Note how many times each word or idea occurs in 31:1–10.

“flee” or “fled” “fell” or “fallen” “thrust through” “strip” “die” or “died”

David acknowledges

God’s generous

dealings with him by

dealing generously

with others. In what

area of life are you

most prone to believe a

success or a possession

comes from your own

hand instead of God’s?

What generous act can

you perform this week?

▼ A P P LY

⊲ E X P L O R E



Circle the word that best describes what kind of event the author intends for us to see in the final destruction of Saul and his kingdom: celebrAtion trAgedy neutrAl

22. Of the names of the fallen, which one most signifies the wastefulness and loss of Saul’s reign as Israel’s king?

23. Answer the questions below to identify the irony in the circumstances of Saul’s death:

WHo WAs sAul meAnt to proVide Victory AgAinst (9:16)?

WHo did sAul focus on pursuing (24:1–2)?

WHo cAused sAul to tAke His oWn life (31:1)?


24. Saul rejected the Lord as sovereign Ruler over his life, choosing to recognize himself as the ultimate royal authority. Turn to Appendix b in your workbook and find the attribute “just.” Write the definition in the box.

What do you learn about God’s perfect justice in the demise of Saul?

25. The final act of 1 Samuel is one of kindness (31:8–13). Look back at 11:1–11 and note what reason the residents of Jabesh-gilead have for their brave mission to provide the fallen King Saul with some final dignity.

26. Turn again to Hannah’s prayer in 2:1–10. What hope does she profess (especially in vv. 6–8) that is demonstrated in Saul’s death in 31:1–13?

just:


How are the promises God made about David (16:11–13; 28:17) reflected in Hannah’s prayer?

What can we learn

from the life of Saul?

How does his story

both warn and

encourage us?

▼ A P P LY





▲ W R A P - U P


f

f

Knowing that God is

shows me that I am

.



N O T E S

For 11 weeks, you have had the rich blessing of following the lives of Samuel, Saul and David in the book of 1 Samuel. Take some time to reflect on what you will take away from this study. Set aside time this week to read your chapter summaries and skim through the entire book. Pay special attention to what stands out most in your mind about the reign and rule of God among His people from these 31 chapters.

Wrap-Up

1 Samuel

11

160

W E E K E L E V E N Wrap-Up 161

1. What attribute of God has emerged most clearly as you have studied 1 Samuel?

How does knowing this truth about God

change the way you see yourself?

How should knowing this truth change the way you live?

162 W E E K E L E V E N Wrap-Up

2. How has the Holy Spirit used 1 Samuel to convict you of sin? What thoughts, words or actions has He shown you that need to be redeemed? What do you need to stop doing?

3. How has the Holy Spirit used 1 Samuel to train you in

righteousness? What disciplines has He given you a desire to pursue? What do you need to start doing?


4. How has the Holy Spirit used 1 Samuel to encourage you? What cause to celebrate have these chapters imprinted on your heart?

5. What verse or passage from 1 Samuel stands out most

in your mind after 11 weeks of study? Why?

☐ Close by reading Psalm 5 aloud as a prayer.

164 W E E K E L E V E N Wrap-Up

N O T E S

A P P E N D I X A Map 167

MOABITES

AMMONITES

ARAMAEANS

AMALEKITES

PHILISTINES

EDOMITES

Dan

Hazor

Kedesh

Endor

DothanMahanaim

JabeshGilead

Succoth

Rabbath-Ammon

Shechem

Shiloh

Michmash

Gilgal

BethelMizpeh

RamahGibeah

JerusalemBethlehem

Mamre

Hebron

En-GediZiph

Beersheba

Ziklag

Gaza

Ekron

Joppa

KadeshBarnea

Ezeon-geber

Mt Gilboa

Lake ofGennesaret

Jabbok R.

Riv

er J

orda

n

Tyre

Acco

T H EGR E ATS E A

Kiriath Jearim

Beth Shemesh

Gath

Ashdod

Ebenezer

GILEAD

Jezreel

EPHRAIM

BENJAMIN

boundAry of edom

boundAry of kingdom of sAul

M A P O F I S R A E L AT T H E T I M E O F 1 S A M U E L

168 A P P E N D I X B Attributes of God

Attentive: God hears and responds to the needs of His children.

Compassionate: God cares for His children and acts on their behalf.

Creator: God made everything. He is uncreated.*

Deliverer: God rescues and saves His children.

Eternal: God is not limited by and exists outside of time.

Faithful: God always keeps His promises.

Generous: God gives what is best and beyond what is deserved.

Glorious: God displays His greatness and worth.*

Good: God is what is best and gives what is best. He is incapable of doing harm.

Holy: God is perfect, pure and without sin.*

Incomprehensible: God is beyond our understanding. We can comprehend Him in part but not in whole.

Infinite: God has no limits in His person or on His power.

Immutable/Unchanging: God never changes. He is the same yesterday, today and tomorrow.

Jealous: God will not share His glory with another. All glory rightfully belongs to Him.

Just: God is fair in all His actions and judgments. He cannot over-punish or under-punish.

Loving: God feels and displays infinite, unconditional affection toward His children. His love for them does not depend on their worth, response or merit.

Attributesof God

A P P E N D I X B Attributes of God 169

Merciful: God does not give His children the punishment they deserve.

Omnipotent/Almighty: God holds all power. Nothing is too hard for God. What He wills, He can accomplish.

Omnipresent: God is fully present everywhere.

Omniscient: God knows everything: past, present and future; all potential and real outcomes; all things micro and macro.

Patient/Long-Suffering: God is untiring and bears with His children.

Provider: God meets the needs of His children.

Refuge: God is a place of safety and protection for His children.*

Righteous: God is always good and right.

Self-Existent: God depends on nothing and no one to give Him life or existence.

Self-Sufficient: God is not vulnerable. He has no needs.

Sovereign: God does everything according to His plan and pleasure. He controls all things.

Transcendent: God is not like humans. He is infinitely higher in being and action.

Truthful: Whatever God speaks or does is truth and reality. Wrathful: God hates all unrighteousness.

Wise: God knows what is best and acts accordingly. He cannot choose wrongly.

Worthy: God deserves all glory and honor and praise.

*Definitions taken from or informed by The ABCs of God by Children Desiring God

first samue l...4. what does david send his men to request from nabal? why does david expect nabal...

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