First results from the study of the LHC cycle power consumption

FCC I&O meeting 24th June 2015

Davide BozziniWith the contribution of G. Burdet, B. Mouche, R. Ledru, R.Sterenberg, P. Sollander

EDMS 1520642

Updated version including corrections

and suggestions collected during the meeting

Outline

1. Terminology2. LHC – Electrical network topology3. LHC – Systems classification4. Daily average consumption @ 7 TeV and 13 TeV5. Consumption variation between 7 TeV and 13 TeV6. Comparison between consumption @ 7 TeV, 13 TeV and LHC

design values7. Active power profile during two runs @ 13 TeV8. Active power profile during a 13 TeV Ramp-down and a Ramp-up9. Summary of steady state and peak active powers10. Conclusion

Terminology

• Average power [Pavg]:• is the mean value of the power consumption during the interval of interest (in our case at least 24

hours, weekly, monthly)

• Steady state power [Psteady]:• Is the mean value of the power during an interval in which the system state variables are

considered to be constant (in our case the duration of the: injection, stable beam, TS, etc…)

• Peak power [ppeak]:• the maximum instantaneous power during an interval of interest (in our case: peak during

magnets ramp-up)

• Installed power [Pinst]:• the sum of the rated power of the supplied electrical equipment (example on CV)

• Power profile:• is the time evolution of the power acquired through the fastest achievable sampling rate

LHC - Electrical network topology

To Me

yrin M

EH

59

To Meyrin ME9

• Machine network• Radial supply from 66 kV

network

• 66 kV distribution to points LHC 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8

• Point LHC 5 feed from point LHC 6 at 18 kV level

• Tunnel loop (also known as LHC General Services loop)

• 18 kV network installed in the tunnel and coming to surface on all 8 LHC points

• Feed from point 1

• Operated in closed loop mode

• Included in the autotransfer system

• Admissible apparent power 30 MVA

LHC - Systems classification

• Classification given according to rules defined for EN-EL web energy application

• Systems• Cooling: pumping station, cooling towers, air conditioning, etc,..

• Ventilation: tunnel ventilation, chillers, air conditioning, etc…

• Cryogenics: Compressors and cooling stations

• Magnets and converters: Power converters supplying warm and superconducting magnets

• Radio Frequency: cavities in point 4, …

• Experiences: CMS, ATLAS, ALICE, LHCb

• General services:

• Loads not included in the other systems as : F1, F2, F3, F4 - 400V sockets distribution, UPS systems, 48 V systems, fire and ODH detection, elevators, cranes, …..

• Loads to be covered by auto transfer in case of internal of external power outage

Daily average consumption @ 7 TeV and 13 TeV

PAVG-14-days-june(2012) = 60.8 MW

PAVG-14-days-june(2015) = 67.8 MW = + 7 MW (+12%)

Note: 21 MW for the LHC experiences are not included

Daily average consumption @ 7 TeV and 13 TeV

• Notes:

• 1 Probable additional load on the LHC loop by EL operation (TBC)

• 2 Probable additional power request in SM18 (TBC)

• Analysis:

• Major contribution to daily power variation is done by magnets and power converters. Probably directly related to the number of ramp-up and ramp down of magnets and the number of hours of operation of the warm magnets

• Average daily power consumption during TS is between 48 and 52 MW

• RF + magnets and converters OFF

• Cryo decrease of consumption

• All other systems remains constant

TS TS1 2

Power consumption variation between 7 TeV and 13 TeV

• Comparison done on the first 14 days of June (2015 minus 2012)

• Comparison of the systems daily average power consumption variation:

• +15 to +20 % for the cryogenics

• +25 to +60 % for magnets and power converters

• +10 to +12 % for cooling

• -20 to +15 % for ventilation

• -15 to +5 % for radio frequency

• -10 to +30 % for general services

Comparison between average consumption @ 7 TeV, 13 TeV and LHC design values

Estimates / Survey Measurements

System

LHC design report - 2004

(table 7.1)

[MW]

EN-EL survey March 2011

(EDMS 1153902)

[MW]

LHC design14 TeV

(FCC meeting ,24 November 2014)

[MW]

Nov-20127 TeV

(FCC meeting, 24 November 2014)

[MW]

June 20127 TeV[MW]

June 201513 TeV[MW]

Duration of measurement

Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable One month 14 days 14 days

Data acquisition Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable

10 min average power

Stored only if +/- 10% variation compared to last point acquired

1min sampling rate

100 kW power variation

1min sampling rate

100 kW power variation

Magnets and power converters

18.8 17.4 20 3 3.1 4.7

Cryogenics 48.8 35.0 35 32 30.1 35.9

Cooling23.7

(32.8 winter)

33.2 20 6 6.2 6.8

Ventilation 14 4 3.8 3.6

Radio Frequency 17.9 7.2 18 7 6.6 6.3

General Services 13.6Included in other

systems20 13 11.0 10.5

Experiments 21.8 23.2 22 21 21 21

Other machine 1.92 Not identified 2.5 0 0 0

Total [MW] 155.6 116.0 151.5 86 81.8 88.8

Copy of data presented on 24th of November 2014

1

1

1 Power variations to be further investigated. Could be real or due to data processing mistakes

Active power profile during LHC run @ 13 TeV

• The period considered goes from the 13 June (16h30) to 14 June (17h16)

PAVG 68 MW(dotted line)

Ppeak = 83 MW

Psteady 450 GeV = 63 MW

Psteady 6.5 TeV = 70 MW

Active power profile during a Ramp-down and a Ramp-up

• Ramp-down and Ramp-up snapshot

PAVG = 68 MW(dotted line)

Ppeak = 82 MW

Psteady 450 GeV = 63 MW

Psteady 6.5 TeV = 70 MW

Physics

Dump

Ramp down

@ injection injection Ramp up

Tune squeeze adjust Physics

1

3

2

1 Beam energy ramp up. Power increase mainly due to power converters2 Power start to decrease before start of ramp-down.3 Transitory period during ramp-down.

Summary of steady state and peak active powers

Description NameJune 2012

7 TeV[MW]

June 201513 TeV[MW]

Steady state at 450 GeV (injection) Psteady 450 GeV Data not retrievable 63

Steady state at 13 TeV Psteady 6.5 TeV Data not retrievable 70

Steady state during TS Psteady TS 49 50

Peak active power during a LHC run Ppeak Data not retrievable 81

• 21 MW for the experiences are not counted and shall be added whenever applicable (i.e. not during TS)

• Deviation on measured data will be determined by additional measurements• Steady state and peak consumptions under nominal LHC operational conditions are

the key values for electrical network dimensioning, redoundancy layouts and optimization of network operation (i.e. systems outage in case of reduced power availability)

Conclusion

• DAQ system for LHC power consumption is now operational and tuned to acquire the maximum data points achievable

• Data for daily average consumption are sufficient to estimate LHC energy consumption and costs

• Dimensioning of the FCC network infrastructure require to study more in detail the steady states and peak power consumptions of LHC

• Definition of individual systems installed power vs. systems operational processes are necessary to define simultaneity factors and power profiles

Thank you for your attention

Annexes

Example: Cooling and ventilationComparison of power consumption @ 7 TeV, 13 TeV and announced values

SystemNov-20127 TeV

June 20127 TeV

June 201513 TeV

Cooling 6 6.2 6.8

Ventilation 4 3.8 3.6

Total [MW] 10 10.0 10.4

• Cooling and ventilation power needs are stable during LHC operation @ 13 TeV• Announced values diverge from measured values• Need to use a common terminology (average, peak, steady state, etc…)

Power consumption for LHC cooling and ventilation (MW)

G. Peon FCC I&O meeting 25.02.2015 17

Installed PowerSum of equipment rated powerCooling 23Ventilation 52Total 75

Required powerAccounting for back up

Cooling 18Ventilation 39Total 57

Average peak consumption over the

yearCooling 10Ventilation 20Total 30

Peak consumption (I)Running LHC in winter

conditionsCooling 12Ventilation 26Total 38

Peak consumption (II)LHC stopped in winter

conditionsCooling 9Ventilation 25Total 34

Peak consumption (III)Running LHC in summer

conditionsCooling 13Ventilation 18Total 31

Systems - Installed active power

System Installed active power [MW] Notes

Magnets and power converters 39.4 Max taken from LHC design report - 2004

Cryogenics 48.4 Max taken from LHC design report - 2004

Cooling 23 Provided by system owner

Ventilation 52 Provided by system owner

Radio Frequency 17.9 Max taken from LHC design report - 2004

General Services 13.6 Max taken from LHC design report - 2004

Experiments 21.8 Max taken from LHC design report - 2004

Other machine 1.92 Max taken from LHC design report - 2004

Total [MW] 218.0

Network - Available active powerSystem Installed active power [MW] Notes

LHC - 1 36 1 x 66 kV transformer rating – Meyrin load (20 MW)

LHC - 2 60.8 2 x 66 kV transformer rating

LHC - 4 30.4 1 x 66 kV transformer rating

LHC - 6 30.4 1 x 66 kV transformer rating

LHC - 8 30.4 1 x 66 kV transformer rating

LHC loop 21.8 Limited by loop ampacity

Total [MW] 209.8

Impact of TI2 and TI8 on LHC active power profile (1)

Impact of TI2 and TI8 on LHC active power profile (2)