first language acquisition
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Theories of first language
acquisition
Issues in first
language acquisition
FIRST LANGUAGE ADCQUISITION
![Page 2: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Language Acquisition
Children acquire language through a subconscious process. They are are unaware of grammatical rules.
To acquire language, the learner needs a source of natural communication. The emphasis is on the text of the communication and not on the form or structure.
![Page 3: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Language Learning
Research has shown that knowing grammar rules does not necessarily result in good speaking or writing: Usage versus use.
A student who has memorized the rules of the language might succeed on a standardized test of English language (competence), but may not be able to speak or write correctly (performance)
![Page 4: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
THEORIES OF FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
![Page 5: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BEHAVIORISTICAPPROACH
Behaviorists consider effective language behavior to be the production of correct responses to stimuli. The need to use language is stimulated and language is uttered in response to stimuli.
B.F. Skinner is the best known behaviorist who speculated that children are conditioned by their environment to respond to certain stimuli with language.
![Page 6: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
THE NATIVIST APPROACH
Noam Chomsky, the father of most nativist theories of language acquisition, claims that children are born with a hard-wired Language Acquisition Device (LAD) in their brains.
Universal grammar says that all languages have the same basic structure, and that specific languages have rules that transform these structures into the specific patterns found in given languages.
All Homo sapiens are born with a LAD
Only Homo sapiens have a LAD
![Page 7: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
FUNTIONAL APPROACHES
Cognition and Language
Development
Social Interaction and Language Development
![Page 8: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cognition and Language
Development
Piaget described whole development as a result of children’s interaction with their environment. There is a complementary interaction between their developing perceptual cognitive capacities and their linguistic experience.
![Page 9: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Social Interaction and Language Development
This theory is an approach to language acquisition that stresses the environment and the context in which the language is being learned.
This approach to language acquisition is based on culture and environment. Vocabulary is bound by context to the culture.
![Page 10: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ISSUES IN FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
![Page 11: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
COMPETENCE AND
PERFORMANCE
Competence refers to one’s underlying of a system, event, or fact; non observable ability to do something.
Performance is the overtly observable and concrete manifestation or realization of competence. It is the actual doing of something.
![Page 12: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
COMPREHENSION AND
PRODUCTION
They both can be aspects of performance and competence. It is thought that comprehension (listening and reading) can be associated with competence, while production (speaking, writing) are associated with performance.
![Page 13: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
NATURE OR NURTURE
Nativists contend that a child is born with an innate knowledge of a language, and that this innate property is universal.
However, it hasn’t been proven that there are “language genes” in our genetic information.
Environmental
factors cannot be ignored.
![Page 14: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT
The issue at stake is to determine how thought affects language, how language affects thought, and how linguists can best describe and explain the interaction of the two.
There have been some positions on this such as that of Piaget, who claimed that cognitive development is at the center of human organisms and that language depends on cognitive development.
![Page 15: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
IMITATION
Research has shown that echoing is a particularly salient strategy in early language learning and an important aspect of early phonological acquisition.
Children imitate the surface structure of the language.
![Page 16: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
PRACTICE
Children like to play with language.
Practicing a language involves speaking and comprehension practice.
![Page 17: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
INPUT
The speech that young children hear is primarily the speech heard in home.
Also, children acquire the language from overhearing the conversations of others, from listening to the radio, watching TV or work with some objects.
![Page 18: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
DISCOURSE
The child will learn how to initiate a conversation and give responses.
The child will identify whether he is being requested for information, for an action, or for help.
![Page 19: First language acquisition](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062614/54796a59b4af9fd2568b475f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)