First FiveFirst Five

What did Thales believe all things were made of?

What did Anixemenes think all things were made of?

What do you call philosophers who think the world is made of one substance?

What did Thales believe all things were made of?

What did Anixemenes think all things were made of?

What do you call philosophers who think the world is made of one substance?

Introduction to PhilosophyIntroduction to Philosophy

Part IIPart II

Remember the MonistsRemember the Monists

Early philosophers attempted to find order in the worldRejected the idea that the gods ran

thingsTried to find out what we were

made ofWater, air, the infinite, etc.

The “Pre Socratics”

Early philosophers attempted to find order in the worldRejected the idea that the gods ran

thingsTried to find out what we were

made ofWater, air, the infinite, etc.

The “Pre Socratics”

Three Branches of Philosophy

Three Branches of Philosophy

Metaphysics:What is real, how did everything come

into being, is everything orderly or chaotic?

Epistemology:Theories about knowledge and truth

Axiology:Theories about values (right and wrong)

Metaphysics:What is real, how did everything come

into being, is everything orderly or chaotic?

Epistemology:Theories about knowledge and truth

Axiology:Theories about values (right and wrong)

Ancient EuropeAncient Europe

Ancient GreeceAncient Greece

The SophistsThe Sophists

Sophia: Greek word meaning “wisdom”

Sophists: The wise ones

Sophists are revolutionariesIndividualistic, arrogant, argumentativeTeach only for payWilling to take any side of any argument

Sophia: Greek word meaning “wisdom”

Sophists: The wise ones

Sophists are revolutionariesIndividualistic, arrogant, argumentativeTeach only for payWilling to take any side of any argument

SophistsSophists

Sophists travel from city to cityLearn about different culturesRealize not every culture thinks the

same, or has the same beliefs about how to do things

There may not be ONE right way to do things

Sophists travel from city to cityLearn about different culturesRealize not every culture thinks the

same, or has the same beliefs about how to do things

There may not be ONE right way to do things

Sophists—The Original Hippies

Sophists—The Original Hippies

RelativismRelativismThere is no ONE way to do things

We can’t say something is ALWAYS right or ALWAYS wrong.

Everything happens in contextDifferent situations merit different

beliefs

“Everything is relative”

There is no ONE way to do things

We can’t say something is ALWAYS right or ALWAYS wrong.

Everything happens in contextDifferent situations merit different

beliefs

“Everything is relative”

The Classical EraThe Classical Era

Three philosophers usher in a golden era of thought and ideas in Ancient Greece

They provided the classic formula of Western Philosophy

Focused on knowledge, truth, and values

Three philosophers usher in a golden era of thought and ideas in Ancient Greece

They provided the classic formula of Western Philosophy

Focused on knowledge, truth, and values

SocratesSocrates

PlatoPlato

AristotleAristotle

Raphael- School of AthensRaphael- School of Athens

Plato and AristotlePlato and Aristotle

SocratesSocrates

Discussion: You’re a Sophist

Discussion: You’re a Sophist

Come up with five reasons why the Death Penalty should be allowed

Five reasons why the Death Penalty should not be allowed

Be ready to argue either side

Come up with five reasons why the Death Penalty should be allowed

Five reasons why the Death Penalty should not be allowed

Be ready to argue either side

Discussion: You’re a Sophist

Discussion: You’re a Sophist

Come up with five reasons why high school students should have to wear uniforms.

Come up with five reasons why high school students should NOT have to wear uniforms.

Be ready to argue either position

Come up with five reasons why high school students should have to wear uniforms.

Come up with five reasons why high school students should NOT have to wear uniforms.

Be ready to argue either position