first aid cpr. what would you do? baby crying pregnant woman crying choking heart attack stroke hand...
TRANSCRIPT
First Aid CPR
What would you do?
Baby crying
Pregnant woman crying
Choking
Heart attack
Stroke
Hand on head talking on a cellphone
Face in puddle
Flew 40 ft off of motorcycle
Face in steering wheel
Deadly wound/severe bleeding
Emergency Scene Management
$$$$$
3 C’s
ABCD’s
Or 3 H’s
3 Checks (3 C’s)
CHECK 1: Area – Scene Safety WHY?• Is the area safe? Use your senses to find potential hazards for
yourself (i.e. gas leak, broken glass, live wire, etc.)
CHECK 2: Responsiveness – “Tap and Shout” WHY? • Try to wake up the individual by tapping his face or slapping the
ground beside her ear. Also, try shouting to get his attention (ex. “Are you okay?!”)
CHECK 3: EMS – Unresponsiveness• Call 9-1-1 and get the AED • *Do not leave the victim alone, try to ask a bystander to do
these for you
Unconscious: ABCD
Assessment and Intervention
A – AIRWAY:• Use two fingers to tilt victim’s head back to open the airway. • Use other hand to gently guide the head and check for any obstructions in airway
B – BREATHING:• Tilt head to see victim’s chest and place ear near the victim’s mouth (MAKE
SURE AIRWAY REMAINS OPEN)• You are listening for breathing, looking for the rise and fall of the chest, and
feeling for breaths for 10secs
C – CIRCULATION• Check pulse
D –Defibrillation • Use a defibrillator if available, it gives through step-by-step instructions
Deadly Bleeding • Find source of bleeding, cover wound, apply pressure and proceed with CPR –
MINIMIZE blood loss
Conscious: 3 H’s
HAPPENED?• Find out the mechanism of injury
HURTS?• What is the main complaint?
HISTORY?• What is the medical history of the victim?
On-Going Care1. Continue to treat the underlying problem
2. Treat for shock
Signs and symptoms of shock:• Shallow and rapid breathing• Poor/weak circulation, rapid
pulse• Pale, cool skin• Restlessness, weakness, fear,
anxiety, confusion, disorientation
• Nausea, vomiting
How to treat for shock:• WARTS• Warmth• ABCs (vital signs)• Rest & Reassurance• Treatment of underlying cause• Semi-Prone (Recovery Position)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
No signs of breathing or circulation CPR• Do 30 compressions – PUSH HARD, PUSH FAST• Give 2 breaths – pinch the nose and seal lips over mouth,
breath should last about a second• Repeat cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until the
ambulance arrives
Angina + Heart Attack
Signs• Greyish complexion• Clammy skin• Cyanotic (blue) lips• Change in breathing rate
Symptoms• Pain in chest, radiating down
left and possibly right arm• Possible pain in jaw, or
shoulder blade(s)• Shortness of breath• Gastric reflux• Nausea• Denial
Angina + Heart Attack
How to help:
1. 3 Checks (Area, Responsiveness, EMS)
2. 3 H’s (Happened? Hurt? Medical History?)
3. Place person in comfortable position
4. Assist person to take prescribed medication
5. Treat for shock (WARTS)
Stroke: Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
SIGNS• Possible slurred speech• One-sided paralysis• Loss of bladder/bowel control• Seizures
A stroke results from a blockage of a blood vessel in the brain.
SYMPTOMS• Possible disorientation and
confusion• Possible blurred vision• Severe headache
TREATMENT
1. 3 Checks (Area, Responsiveness, EMS)
2. 3 H’s (Happened? Hurt? Medical History?)
3. Monitor level of consciousness
4. Monitor ABCD’s
5. Keep casualty calm, loosen tight clothing. Place in a comfortable position (semi-sitting). If conscious with loss of sensation: place in recovery position
6. Treat for SHOCK (WARTS)
Stroke: Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Choking: The Conscious Casualty
TREATMENT
1. 3 C’s:• Check 1 (area)• Check 2 (responsiveness)• Check 3 (EMS)
2. Take charge and let the individual know you’re assisting
3. Stabilize & position casualty, having the casualty lean forward. Make sure you stabilize yourself as well.
4. Deliver 5 backblows• Using heel of rescuer’s hand• Deliver between shoulder blades
Choking: The Conscious Casualty
5. Landmark for abdominal thrustsa. Stand behind casualty
b. Place hands slightly above belly button
c. Make fist with 1 hand, thumb tucked in
d. Support thrusting fist with other hand
6. Deliver 5 abdominal thrustsa. Deliver with force and intention of removing obstruction on
1st thrust
b. Use quick inward and upward thrusts
Repeat from 4 below unit airway cleared or casualty unresponsive
Choking casualty becomes unconscious. Follow these steps:
1. Protect head and neck from injury during their collapse
2. Call 9-1-1 and retrieve AED
3. 30 Chest compressions (check pulse before providing compressions)• Landmark in centre of chest - PUSH HARD + FAST!
4. Inspect mouth and open airway using head tilt, chin lift
5. Give 2 breaths – air enters lungs, check breathing• If breathing, seek medical attention• If NOT breathing perform CPR
- Air does not enter lungs reposition airway and attempt second breath
6. Treat for shock
Choking: The Unconscious Casualty
ConvulsionsA seizure is caused by a chaotic burst of disorganized electrical activity in the brain.
Absence seizure
Signs• The casualty will stare into space and be temporarily
unresponsive
Symptoms• Pre-seizure Aura Poss.• Visual disturbances• Auditory disturbances
ConvulsionsPartial Seizure
Signs• Periods of automatic behaviour• Altered consciousness• Purposeful look, repetitive
behaviour
Symptoms• Pre-seizure Aura Poss.• Visual disturbances• Auditory disturbances
Generalized Seizure
Signs• Falling to the floor• Unconsciousness• Frothing from the mouth• Clenched, grinding teeth• Involuntary movements
Symptoms• Pre-seizure Aura Poss.• Visual disturbances• Auditory disturbances
ConvulsionsPre-Seizure/during seizure care:• 3 Checks (Area, Responsiveness, EMS)• 3 H’s (Happened? Hurt? History?• Assist person to safe position• Provide protection (for head, if available)• Clear the area• Put nothing in mouth• Protect (do not restrain) the head or body
After the seizure:• Normal for casualty to want to sleep• Treat for Shock (WARTS)• Perform on-going care while waiting for 911
AllergiesMINOR REACTION
Signs• Watery eyes• Hives• Sneezing, runny nose• Localized swelling (minor
allergic reaction)• Vomiting, diarrhea
Symptoms• Itchy eyes• Breathing difficulty• Nausea
ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION
Signs• Change in breathing (wheezing,
coughing)• Change in pulse rate (weak,
rapid pulse)• Hives, redness
Symptoms• Itchy skin• Agitation, then confusion• Weakness• Dizziness, lethargy
Allergies
How to Help
Cbeck the area, responsiveness, and EMS. If you are able to communicate with the person, ask them what happened, how the person got hurt and their medical history. It is also good to make the casualty calm and maybe you can assist them with any medications, if available. After this step, you can treat for shock (WARTS), activate EMS immediately (if not done already), and lastly, monitor casualty.