fire safety by alicia civile and alexandra fernandez final case study
TRANSCRIPT
Fire SafetyBy Alicia Civile and Alexandra Fernandez
FINAL CASE STUDY
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FIRE SAFETY / TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 COVER PAGE
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
3 DESIGN AND SAFETY OBJECTIVES
4 PROVISIONS AND COMPONENTS
5 -10 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
11 RELATED SYSTEMS
12 SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS
13 -14 HYPOTHESIS
15 STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
16 REFERENCES
T A
B L
E O
F C
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T E
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FIRE SAFETY / OBJECTIVES
When a building is designed to resist the start and spread of a fire, designers protect the building itself, it’s contents, and more importantly the lives of people who occupy the building. To react safely to a fire emergency, a building occupant needs early warning, the means to extinguish a small fire, and at least two ways out of the building.
The design of a building may help, or may lead to a dead end, trapping its occupants.
In order or importance: •protection of life • protection of property• continuity of operation
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
SAFETY OBJECTIVES
Figure 1: fire safety objectives chart ( Rolf Jensen & Associates, Inc. (RJA), 2010)
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FIRE SAFETY / PROVISIONS & COMPONENTS
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
Should be identifiable and useful to all users in the Chapman building : • alarms• barriers• dampers• fire-rated doors• evacuation plan• extinguishing systems
FIRE SAFETY COMPONENTS
FIRE SAFETY PROVISIONS
• code provisions for evacuation, and escape routes• protecting the structure when a fire occurs• fire barriers/compartments• areas of refuge• horizontal exits• vertical openings• doors and windows• fire dampers and draft stops• occupant load• means of egress• exit access, signs, passageways• smoke barriers, dilution , exhaust systems• standard tests of building construction and materials
“THE FIRE TRIANGLE”
Figure 2-9: fire safety system component.(Jessup Manufacturing Company 2009)
Figure 10: fire triangle chart (East Coast Training Solutions, 2010)
Three things must be present at the same time in order to produce fire:1) enough oxygen to sustain combustion2) enough heat to raise the material to its ignition temperature3) some sort of fuel or combustible materialResult: the chemical reaction that is fire
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FIRE SAFETY / SYSTEM OVERVIEW
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
Figure 11 : fire system overview chart, (Siemens, 2010)
Cerebrus pro fire safety system
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FIRE SAFETY / SYSTEM OVERVIEW
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FIRE SAFETY / SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Figure 20
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FIRE SAFETY / SYSTEM OVERVIEW
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FIRE SAFETY / SYSTEM OVERVIEW
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FIRE SAFETY / SYSTEM OVERVIEW
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FIRE SAFETY / RELATED SYSTEMS
•Fire inhibiting structure•Ceiling height•Fire rated walls•Stairwells: area of refuge•Doors: width, fire rated•Egress
WATER SYSTEM
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
• Sprinkler system, water supply
“THE FIRE TRIANGLE”
Figure 38
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM •Emergency Lights•Audio: alarms
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Figure 34
Figure 36Figure 35
Figure 37
FIRE SAFETY / SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
•Fire inhibiting structure•Ceiling height•Fire rated walls•Stairwells: area of refuge•Doors: width, fire rated•Egress
FUTURE SOLUTIONS
EXISTING SOLUTIONS
• Materials that do not off-gas when ignited•Dry-walls•Paints with low VOC’s•Furniture•Textiles•Flooring materials
•Using alternatives to HALON 1301 •IG-541•HFC-227
Earthwise Fire Safety Solutions
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Figure 39: Fire rated wall section (Mcgraw hill, 2007)Figure 40
Figure 41 Figure 42 Figure 43
Figure 44
("Consumer reports magazine:," 2009)
FIRE SAFETY / HYPOTHESIS
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
USER: ADMINISTRATIVEH: Administrative staff members are not aware of how to escape the Chapman building in case of a fire.
Disproved: Most administrative members are confident in their escape route
H: Administrative members on the 2nd floor of the Commons Hall are satisfied with the amount of exit stairs in case of a fire.
Disproved: They were confident in the amount of exit stairs, just not with the amount time it takes to reach them.
H: Administrative members, on both floors, are worried that in the case of an emergency they only have access to escape on one side of the building.
Proved: Most members agreed there should be access on both sides of the building.
H: Maintenance staff members are concerned that they would be the last to know if there were a fire. They wonder if there are adequate alarm systems and if they will be notified as quickly as everyone else.
Disproved: Maintenance staff is confident that the fire safety systems will work in case of a fire.
USER: MAINTENANCE
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FIRE SAFETY / HYPOTHESIS
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
USER: STUDENTSH: Students feel that the auditoriums should have more exit routes.
Disproved: All students seemed content with the number of exits from the auditorium.
H: Students are troubled about the vestibule that they need to cross in order to escape outside.
Inconclusive: For this question the results varied; the students that agreed with the question, had a concern about the size of the doors, amount of doors which need to be passed, size of the space, and the number of students exiting.
H: Students feel there should be an additional exterior stairwell somewhere near the middle of the arcade.
Disproved. Most students were satisfied with the number of stairwells, but not the stairwell properties. Some said stairwells should be wider and that the slanted stairwell would be a problem in an emergency. Others answered that another one would decrease time taken to go downstairs, which would ultimately help in case of an emergency.
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FIRE SAFETY / STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
STRENGTHS •Availability of buildingAvailability of building drawings•Users present on a daily basis for interviews•Maintenance building tours•Interviews with staff and maintenance•Interviews with students
LIMITATIONS
The study illustrated the process required to make a conclusive case study. All the mandatory steps, preparations and setbacks were noted. The building and it fire safety systems were studied along with their affect on the user. The buildings composition of systems and their relevance to each other were also noted. Fire safety systems were analyzed and their components examined according to their effect on the user. The fire safety components are functioning appropriately, and if not only need minor modifications. It is evident that the designers of the Chapman building had fire safety in mind, and did a satisfactory job.
•Students seemed disinterested in interviews, and did not fully consider interview questions•Interview questions could have been revised •Lack of system specific tours
CONCLUSIONS
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Figure 45
FIRE SAFETY / REFERENCES
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
Figure 1: Fire middle east. Retrieved from http://www.firemiddleeastmagazine.com/pages/issue_4_feature1.aspxRolf Jensen & Associates, Inc. (RJA), Initials. (2010). Retrieved
Figure 2-9: Jessup Manufacturing Company, (2009). Jessup globrite. Retrieved from http://www.globritesystem.com/safety.php
Figure 10:East Coast Training Solutions, . (2010). Fire safety awareness course. Retrieved from http://www.ec-ts.ie/courses/fire_safety_awarness.html
Figure 11: Siemens, . (2010). Cerberus pro fire safety system – enjoy protecting . Retrieved from http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/bt/global/en/firesafety/fire-detection/cerberus-pro-fire-safety-system/syste,-overview/Pages/system-overview.aspx
Figure 12-38, 40: Alexandra Fernandez, Alicia Civile. 2010. Chapman Building
Figure 39: Mcgraw hill, . (2007). mcgraw hill construction continuing education. Retrieved from http://continuingeducation.construction.com/article_print.php?L=18&C=219
Figure 41-43 : Consumer reports magazine: march 2009. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/magazine-archive/march-2009/home-garden/interior-paints/green-certification-labels/interior-paints-green-labels.htm
Figure 44: Earthwise fire safety. (2010). Retrieved from http://earthwisefiresafety.com/
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