fire escape route

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SERVICES : FIRE FIGHTING

FIRE ESCAPE ROUTES

NITESH SASIDHARAN

PRAJEET P.



Planning escape routes

When escape routes are being planned the type of person likelyto be involved must be considered. Occupants of flats will be

familiar with the layout of the premises whereas customers in ashop may be completely unfamiliar with their surroundings.

In schools the fundamental principle is the provision of analternative means of escape and in hospital the main concern iswith the adequacy of the means escape from all parts of thebuilding.

The provision of a safe escape route should however, allow atthe same time an easy access for the fire brigade using thesame routes, and since these routes are protected the risk offire spread is minimised.



Basic principles embodied in Act 1971with regards to means of escape in case

of fire

(1). Limitation of travel distances. (2). Escape route considered in 3 stages: -Travel distance within rooms; -Travel distances from rooms to a stairway or final

exit. -Travel within stairways and to final exit.

(3). Provision of a protected route which is definedas a route for persons escaping from fire which isseparated from the remainder of the building by fire-resisting doors (escape door to lavatories), fireresistant walls, partitions and floors.



ESCAPE STAIRS FOR A RESIDENTIAL

BUILDING.

An escape stair must be within a protected zone which encloses no other room , except an external

escape stair which has a total rise of not more than6 m and leads directly to a place of safety . A protected zone enclosing an escape stair must be

provided with an unobstructed clear wheelchairspace measuring not lessthan 700 mm x 1200 mmon every escape stair landingto which there is access froma storey ,



TRAVEL DISTANCE

Travel distance from a flat or a communalroom , or a plant room is the distance,

measured along the shortest route of escapefrom the main entrance door to the nearestprotected door or place of safety , and mustcomply with the table to this standard.



basic means of escape requirements for

flats in a residential building

Every flat should have a protected entrance hall ofhalf hour fire resistance.

Every living room should have an exit into theprotected entrance hall.

Bedrooms should be nearer to the entrance doorthan the living rooms or kitchen.

Maximum travel distance from any bedroom exit toentrance door to be 7.500m; if exceeded analternative route is to be provided



ESCAPE ROUTE FOR HORIZONTAL

SPREAD BUILDINGS:

An escape route must give access to a place of

safety or to another compartment.-

a. directly; or

b. by way of a protected zone or unprotected zone ; or

c. by way of an unprotected zone to a protected zone ;or

d. by way of an access deck , or

e. by way of an exit to an external escape stair.



Travel distance for horizontal spread

buildings.

The maximum travel distances for a building or part of a building related to available directions oftravel, measured in accordance, are given in the table to this standard



Doors across escape routes



ESCAPE ROUTES:

WIDTH OF ESCAPE ROUTES

The aggregate unobstructed width in mm of all escape routes

from a room , or storey must be at least 5.3 x the occupancy capacity of the room or storey ,

Except in an enclosed shopping centre with a mall on not morethan 2 storeys.

HEIGHT OF ESCAPE ROUTES

An escape route or circulation area must have a clearheadroom of at least 2 m,

except - in a doorway it may be reduced to not less than 1.9 m.



ESCAPE ROUTE FOR VERTICAL

SPREAD BUILDINGS

Every escape stair must give access directly to -a. a place of safety ; orb. an escape route across a flat roof (see E5.9g); or

c. an access deck ; ord. a hospital street ; ore. in the case of an enclosed shopping centre provided with appropriate

smoke and heat exhaust ventilation system,the mall, provided alternative escape notvia the mall is also provided from each

shop or other unit having a frontage tothe mall.



ESCAPE ROUTES

WIDTH OF ESCAPE STAIRS The width of an escape stair must be at least the width required for any

escape route giving access

to it, except -a. where the number of people

using the escape route is notmore than 225, it may bereduced to not less than1100 mm; and

b. where the number of peopleusing the escape route is notmore than 100, it may bereduced to not lessthan 1000 mm.



Special requirements for means ofescape for enclosed shopping centres

with malls.

DIRECTION OF TRAVEL

An enclosed shopping centre with a mall must be

designed so that from every part of the mall andfrom every mall-level shop there must be at least 2directions of travel leading to a place of safety without passing through any space in singleoccupation,

except - a kiosk not more than 25 m2 and in whicheither the public are not admitted, or the depth fromthe mall is not greater than 5 m.



ESCAPE ROUTE WIDTH

The aggregate unobstructed width in mm of all escape routes from the mall in an enclosed shopping centre with a mall, mustbe at least 2.65 x the occupancy capacity of the entire shopping

centre, (i.e. the mall and all shops), The aggregate unobstructed exit width in mm from each shop in

an enclosed shopping centre with a mall, to the mall must be atleast 5.3 x the occupancy capacity of the shop.

The aggregate unobstructed exit width in mm from each shop inan enclosed shopping centre with a mall, to a route which does

not enter the mall must be at least 5.3 x the occupancy capacity of the shop. The unobstructed width of each individual exit from the mall in

an enclosed shopping centre with a mall must be at least 1.8 mwide.



STOREYS AT A HEIGHT OF MORE THAN 7.5 m In a hospital every storey at a height of more than 7.5 m containing

departments to which patients have access, must either:

a. comprise at least 4 compartments , each of which must have an area ofat least 500 m2; or

b. have a hospital street (see E8.9) and at least 3 other compartments .STOREYS AT A HEIGHT OF MORE THAN 18 m In a hospital every storey at a height of more than 18 m containing

departments to which patients have access, must either -

a. comprise at least 4 compartments , each of which must have an area ofat least 500 m2; orb. have a hospital street (see E8.9) and at least 3 other compartments

each of which must have an area of at least 500 m2.



Fire escapes or external stairs

All fire escapes above ground level shall be directly connected to theground and shall not lead to the basement floor;All entrances to a fire escape shall be separate and remote from the

internal staircase;The route to fire escape shall be free of obstruction at all times excepta door way leading to the fire escape which shall have the required fireresistance;Fire escapes shall be constructed of non-combustible materials. Stairsof fire escapes shall have straight flights not less than 75 cm. wide, 20cm. tread and with risers not more than 19 cm.

The number of risers shall be limited to 16 per flight. Handrails shall beof a height of not less than 100 cm.Spiral stairs (fire escape) - A spiral fire escape shall be not less than150 cmIn diameter and shall be designed to give adequate headroom.



Exit Requirements

Lifts and escalators shall not be consideredas exits

Fire- check doors for fire resistance of 1 hr.shall be provided at appropriate place alongthe escape routes to prevent spread of fireand smoke, and particularly at the entranceto lifts and stairs where a ‘ funnel or flueeffect ‘ may be created, inducing an upwardspread of fire.



Exits shall be so arranged that they may be reached withoutpassing through another occupied unit.

No exit door shall be less than 100 cm in width exceptassembly buildings where door width shall not be less than200cms. Doorways shall be not less than 200 cm in height

Exit door shall open outwards, that is, away from the room, butshall not obstruct the travel along the travel along any exit. Nodoor when open opened, shall reduce the required width of

stairway or landing or landing to less than 90cm; over head orsliding door shall not be installed

Mirrors shall not be placed in exit ways or exit doors to avoidconfusion regarding the direction of exit.



ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS

SR NO GROUP OF OCCUPANCY MAXIMUM TRA VELDISTANCE

(1) RESIDENTIAL 22.5

2) Educational 22.5

3) Institutional 22.5

4) Assembly 30

5) Business 30

6) Mercantile 30

7) Industrial 45

8) Storage 30

9) Hazardous 22.5



OCCUPANTS PER UNIT EXIT WIDTH

SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH TABLE

Rsno

Group of occupancy Number of occupants

stairways ramps doors

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

1) Residential 25 50 75

2) Educational 25 50 75

3) Institutional 25 50 75

4) Assembly 40 50 60

5) Business 50 60 75

6) Mercantile 50 60 75

7) Industrial 50 60 75

8) Storage 50 60 759) Hazardous 25 30 40

Occupants per unit exit width



Means of Escape

The escape route isfrom the seat, alongthe clearway andgangway, andthrough exit doorsimmediately, or

through an enclosedcorridor, to the placeof safety.



The means of Escape in case of fire are to

be considered are

Limitation of time

Escape Route considered in 3 stages – travel distance within the rooms;

– travel distance from room to stairway or final exit;

– travel within stairway and to final exits

Provision of a protected route which is defined as a

route for persons escaping from fire which isseparated from the remainder of the building by fire-resisting doors, fire resisting walls, partitions andfloors



THANK YOU!

fire escape route

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