fire and emergency services safety & survival · fire and emergency services safety &...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ford, Fire and Emergency Services Safety & Survival
© 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
FIRE AND EMERGENCY
SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL
Risk Management
Chapter 3
![Page 2: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Risk Management Defined
• Illustrate concepts of risk management
as applied to the fire service
• Identify attributes of effective risk
management
![Page 3: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Risk Management Defined
• Provide methodology of assessing and
mitigating risk – Ultimate goal of helping organization
• Improve safety
• Reduce LODD
![Page 4: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
FIGURE 3.7 Risk to firefighters should be limited to situations in which the
potential to save lives is a real possibility.
Courtesy of Barry Byers
![Page 5: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Risk Management Defined
• Integrate risk management
• Make decisions at appropriate level in
chain of command
• Accept no unnecessary risk
![Page 6: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Risk Management Defined
• Risk – Faced with numerous risks daily
– Risks carry consequences • Consequences vary for risks
• No single solution for managing risks
• Determining how to manage risk is decision
made by every department.
![Page 7: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Risk Management Defined
• Many definitions – NFPA 1500
• A measure of the probability and severity of
adverse effects
• The adverse effects result from an exposure to
some type of hazard.
![Page 8: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
FIGURE 3.1 Risk management matrix.
![Page 9: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Risk Management Defined
• This chapter – Defined as potential negative impact of the
exercise of vulnerability.
– Risk can be individual – the firefighter
– Risk can be departmental – the crew
![Page 10: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Frequency/Severity Model
• Risk combines two concepts – The frequency of an event
• How often
– The severity of an event • Potential loss
![Page 11: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
FIGURE 3.2 Regardless of frequency, fires involving truss roof
construction have a high severity of associated risk.
Courtesy of Martin Grube
![Page 12: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Frequency/Severity Model
• High frequency/high severity incidents
are priorities for risk management.
• Using frequency/severity model can
help establish safety priorities.
![Page 13: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Frequency/Severity Model
• Some incidents are so severe that they
should be avoided regardless of
frequency.
• Challenge is to identify exposure and
take proper action.
![Page 14: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Risk Management
• Risk management – Goal to improve performance of their
organization and to reduce risks
![Page 15: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Management
• Act or art or manner of managing or
handling, controlling, directing. – Suggests an organized and directed
approach that implements evaluated
techniques to control systems, events and
people.
– A system for treating pure risk;
identification analyses of exposure,
selection of appropriate risk management
techniques to handle exposure.
![Page 16: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
FIGURE 3.5 The risk management plan may be used to limit, reduce, or
eliminate the probability of an undesirable event.
Courtesy of Wayne Haley
![Page 17: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Process of Identifying
Risk • Assessing risk
• Taking steps to reduce risk
• Manage threats that could severely
impact.
• Generally involves review of department
operations – Address most likely threats
![Page 18: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Process of Identifying
Risk • Is a structured approach to manage
uncertainty reacted to a threat. – A sequence of human activities
– Risk assessment
– Strategic considerations to manage risk
– Mitigation of the risk using managerial
resources
![Page 19: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Process of Identifying
Risk • May refer to threats caused by
environment, technology, human
organization and politics
• Implements a proactive approach to
reduce risk
• A systematic effort to identify evaluate
and control risk.
![Page 20: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• Conservation and preservation of
resources – Assets
– Evaluating and controlling risk
• Activities within a department should
minimize inadvertent losses.
![Page 21: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• Risk management does not: – Replace sound tactical decisions
– Inhibit flexibility, initiative or accountability
– Remove all risks
– Sanction illegal behavior
– Remove the need for training
![Page 22: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• U.S. Army five step risk assessment
process – Developed during World War II
– Influenced contemporary management
![Page 23: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• Five Step U.S. Army Process – Identification of hazards
– Assessment of those hazards
– Development of controls to aid with
decision making
– Implementation of controls
– Supervision and evaluation of safe
execution
![Page 24: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• U.S. Army five step risk assessment
process – IC makes tactical decisions and strategic
plans based on known and reasonably
expected risks.
– Conditions must be continually evaluated.
– Evaluation of the emergency scene should
be a continual process to determine of
control measures are effective.
![Page 25: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• Components and tools in risk
management – Routine evaluation of risk
– Well-defined strategic options
– SOPs/SOGs
![Page 26: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• Components and tools in risk
management – Effective training
– Personal protective ensemble
– Effective incident management
communications
![Page 27: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• Components and tools in risk
management – Safety polices, procedures, and guidelines
– Rapid intervention
– Adequate resources
![Page 28: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• Components and tools in risk
management – Rest and rehabilitation
– Regular re-evaluation of conditions
– Pessimistic evaluation of changing
conditions
– Experience based on previous incidents
and critiques
![Page 29: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• START Information Box – Stop, Think, Act, Review
– Basic yet effective decision making risk
management tool
![Page 30: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• Stop – Briefly pause before performing a task to
enhance the mental focus on specific task
![Page 31: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• Think – Understand what is to be done before
acting
– Question the situation
– Do not proceed in the face of uncertainty
![Page 32: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• Act – Gather the necessary tools identified
during the previous phase
– Be sure all protection schemes are in place
– Perform intended action
![Page 33: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Purpose, Principles, and
Tools of Risk Management
• Review – Verify that the actual response is the
expected response
– If an unexpected response is obtained,
take action as previously
anticipated/determined.
– Ensure all actions are conservative.
![Page 34: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Process of Risk
Management • Process of identifying, evaluating,
prioritizing, and controlling risk
• Incorporates a full range of control
measures
![Page 35: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Process of Risk
Management • Five Step Risk Management Process
– Risk Identification • Identify the worst case scenario
• Can be done by reviewing both emergency and
nonemergency risk
![Page 36: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Process of Risk
Management • Five Step Risk Management Process
– Risk Evaluation • Evaluate for frequency and severity
![Page 37: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Process of Risk
Management • Five Step Risk Management Process
– Risk Prioritization • Those of high severity/high frequency should
be addressed first
![Page 38: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Process of Risk
Management • Five Step Risk Management Process
– Risk Control Measures • Finding the proper solution for the identified risk
![Page 39: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Process of Risk
Management • Five Step Risk Management Process
– Risk Monitoring • Evaluate the effectiveness of the controls
implemented should periodically reviewed and
required modifications made to the plan.
![Page 40: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Process of Risk
Management • Strategies and Techniques of Risk
Management – General Strategies
• Avoid the risk
• Controlling the negative effect of the risk
• Accept some or all of the consequence of a
particular risk
![Page 41: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Process of Risk
Management • Incident Command System as a Risk
Management Strategy – NFPA 1561, Standard on Emergency
Services Incident Management System
– Provides structure and coordination to the
management of emergency incident
operations
![Page 42: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Process of Risk
Management • Incident Command System as a Risk
Management Strategy – Recommended that departments develop a
qualification process for individuals who
will act in this capacity.
– Firefighters should have a periodic
refresher course to review policies and
procedures.
![Page 43: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Process of Risk
Management • Incident Command System as a Risk
Management Strategy – Departments should develop and establish
an incident management system. • Well coordinated approach to an emergency
• Accountability
• Overall safety of all firefighters on the scene
![Page 44: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
NFPA Standards Related to Risk
Management and Safety
• NFPA 1250, Recommended Practice in
Emergency Service Organization Risk
Management – Minimum criteria to develop, implement, or
evaluate a fire department risk
management program for effect risk
identification, control, and financing. • Risk management as a function of
management
• Identifying and analyzing risk exposure
![Page 45: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
NFPA Standards Related to Risk
Management and Safety
• NFPA 1250, Recommended Practice in
Emergency Service Organization Risk
Management – Minimum criteria to develop, implement, or
evaluate a fire department risk
management program for effect risk
identification, control, and financing. • Formulating risk management alternatives
• Select risk management alternatives
• Implement risk management alternatives
• Monitor the risk management program
![Page 46: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
NFPA Standards Related to Risk
Management and Safety
• NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire
Department Occupational Safety and
Health Program – Consensus standard to directly address
many issues that are related to the
avoidance of fatalities, injuries and
occupational illnesses of firefighters.
![Page 47: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
NFPA Standards Related to Risk
Management and Safety
• NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire
Department Occupational Safety and
Health Program – Plan focuses on following areas
• Administrative
• Facilities
• Training
![Page 48: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
NFPA Standards Related to Risk
Management and Safety
• NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire
Department Occupational Safety and
Health Program – Plan focuses on the following areas
• Vehicle operations
• Personal Protective Ensemble (PPE)
• Operations at emergency incidents
• Other related activities
![Page 49: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
NFPA Standards Related to Risk
Management and Safety
• The following risk management
principles shall be utilized by the
incident commander – Situations where the members are at
serious risk, shall be limited to where there
is a potential to save lives
– Activities that are employed to protect
property shall be recognized as inherent
risks, and actions shall be taken to reduce
or avoid these risks.
![Page 50: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
NFPA Standards Related to Risk
Management and Safety
• The following risk management
principles shall be utilized by the
incident commander – No risk to member safety of no possibility
to save lives or property.
– Where risks are excessive limit to
defensive operations.
![Page 51: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
OSHA Plan States
• Twenty-three states and two territories
that have developed agreements with
the department of labor.
• Designated state agencies in OSHA
Plan States are required to enforce
federal regulations on public agencies.
![Page 52: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
OSHA Plan States
• OSHA regulations are a minimum
standard
• States determine if they will enforce
regulations over volunteer organizations
![Page 53: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
IAFC Rules on Engagement
as Risk Management Tools • IAFC team identified the need for two
separate sets of rules of engagement – Responders
– Incident commanders
![Page 54: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
After-Action Review As a
Risk Management Tool • Compares outcome of an event against
organizational policies, procedures and
guidelines for a task to be performed.
• Constant search for ways to improve
training/education
• Ability to perform safely and effectively
![Page 55: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
After-Action Review As a
Risk Management Tool • Critical to the AAR is an understanding
the information will be used to improve
the organization.
• Fundamental goal is the enhancement
of operational capabilities while
minimizing loss.
![Page 56: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
After-Action Review As a
Risk Management Tool • Answer four general questions
regarding a mission and potential for
improvement – What was the incident?
– What went well?
– What happened that could have been
improved?
– How can the lessons learned be
incorporated into future SOPs/SOGs and
training policies?
![Page 57: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Risk Management for
Wildland Operations • Four basic hazards
– Lightning
– Fire weakened timber
– Rolling rocks
– Entrapment by running fires
![Page 58: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Risk Management for
Wildland Operations • Firefighters must know LCES
– Lookouts • First assigned
• Responsible for overall safety of everyone at
scene
![Page 59: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
FIGURE 3.11 LCES should be established before any wildland
operation begins.
Photo by Miranda Simone
![Page 60: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Risk Management for
Wildland Operations • Firefighters must know LCES
– Communications • Effective communication is essential
• Must be properly established for everyone at
scene
![Page 61: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Risk Management for
Wildland Operations • Firefighters must know LCES
– Escape routes • Take into account to move people to safety if
events change
![Page 62: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Risk Management for
Wildland Operations • Firefighter must know LCES
– Safety zones • Areas large enough for personnel and
equipment to stay safe if conditions change
![Page 63: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Risk Management for
Wildland Operations • LCES is built on two basic guidelines:
– Before safety is threatened, each firefighter
has to know how the LCES will be used
– LCES must be reevaluated continuously.
![Page 64: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Chapter 3 Summary
• Few departments have taken the time to
develop a risk management program.
• Risk management encompasses three
processes: risk assessment, risk
mitigation, and evaluation and
assessment.
![Page 65: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Chapter 3 Summary
• Risk management is viewed by both
NFPA and FEMA at three separate and
distinct levels: – The community as a whole
– The emergency response organization
– Emergency response operations of
individuals
![Page 66: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Chapter 3 Summary
• A successful risk management program
will rely on: – Senior management’s commitment
– Support and participation of the
department leaders
– Awareness and cooperation of everybody
in the department
![Page 67: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Case Study
• THE SCENE: A call in regards to a structure fire was
received by the dispatcher. The first
company that arrived on the scene
encountered a ranch-style home with
heavy smoke showing from the opened
windows. A woman who was on the scene
told the Company Officer that her 9-year-
old boy was trapped in the basement.
![Page 68: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Case Study
• THE SCENE: The crew advanced a hand line to the
basement to search for the missing child.
Suddenly, the officer’s low-air alarm went
off, but he decided to continue the search.
When the officer ran out of air, he unsealed
his mask and took a total of two breaths at
floor level.
![Page 69: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Case Study • THE SCENE:
In the confusion that ensued, everyone
failed to check the surrounding areas and
the missing child was discovered to be on
his friend’s lawn across the street. A very
similar call less than two years earlier was
experienced by this same crew and officer.
They had followed the same procedures at
a basement fire previously and extensively
searched without locating a young girl who
was later found to be deceased in the
basement.
![Page 70: FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL · FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES SAFETY & SURVIVAL ... •No single solution for managing risks ... Case Study •THE SCENE: The crew advanced](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022020303/5b60f05d7f8b9a4f488bd0c7/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Things to Consider
1. Remember the risk versus benefit
during search and rescue operations.
2. Do not become a victim yourself.
3. Be aware of your air management.
Other Considerations?