fiona napier urban water technology centre
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AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VEGETATION HARVESTING AS A MEANS OF REMOVING NUTRIENTS AND METALS FROM PONDS. Fiona Napier Urban Water Technology Centre Dr Michael Barrett Center for Research in Water Resources Prof Chris Jefferies Urban Water Technology Centre. Why the study?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
VEGETATION HARVESTING AS A MEANS OF REMOVING
NUTRIENTS AND METALS FROM PONDS
Fiona Napier Urban Water Technology Centre
Dr Michael Barrett Center for Research in Water Resources
Prof Chris Jefferies Urban Water Technology Centre
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Why the study?AQUATIC PLANTS
HARVESTING
INCREASED MAINTENANCE COSTS
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Why the study?AQUATIC PLANTS
HARVESTING
INCREASED MAINTENANCE COSTS
POLLUTANT REMOVAL BENEFIT?
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Key questions to answer
• What mass of each selected constituent is removed from the system when vegetation is harvested?
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Key questions to answer
• What mass of each selected constituent is removed from the system when vegetation is harvested?
• How does this figure compare with mass of each constituent being removed by all processes within the system?
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Methodology
• Desk study
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Methodology
• Desk study
• Chemical mass balance for nutrients and metals in a pond treating urban/highway runoff, using data gathered from a number of published studies.
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Data requirements
• In-situ pond with established vegetation and receiving urban/highway runoff
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Data requirements
• In-situ pond with established vegetation and receiving urban/highway runoff
• Levels of selected constituents entering and leaving pond
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Data requirements
• In-situ pond with established vegetation and receiving urban/highway runoff
• Levels of selected constituents entering and leaving pond
• Known weight of harvested vegetation
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Data requirements
• In-situ pond with established vegetation and receiving urban/highway runoff
• Levels of selected constituents entering and leaving pond
• Known weight of harvested vegetation
• Chemical composition of removed plant material
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La Costa pond
• Retention pond on Interstate 5, California
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La Costa pond
• Retention pond on Interstate 5, California
• Recieves flow from 1.7ha catchment (48% impermeable cover), including northbound lanes of highway
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La Costa pond
• Retention pond on Interstate 5, California
• Recieves flow from 1.7ha catchment (48% impermeable cover), including northbound lanes of highway
• 3 year water quality monitoring program
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La Costa pond
• Retention pond on Interstate 5, California
• Recieves flow from 1.7ha catchment (48% impermeable cover), including northbound lanes of highway
• 3 year water quality monitoring program
• Established vegetation, including Typha
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La Costa pond
• Retention pond on Interstate 5, California
• Recieves flow from 1.7ha catchment (48% impermeable cover), including northbound lanes of highway
• 3 year water quality monitoring program
• Established vegetation, including Typha
• Annual programme of Typha harvesting
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La Costa Pond
Pre-harvest
Post-harvest
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La Costa pondData available for pond
• Flow data
• Input/output concentrations for N, P, Cu, Pb, Zn
• Known weight of harvested vegetation
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La Costa pondData available for pond
• Flow data
• Input/output concentrations for N, P, Cu, Pb, Zn
• Known weight of harvested vegetation
Data unavailable for pond
• Chemical composition of plant material
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Additional data sources
Criteria for inclusion in study:-
• Plant studied must be Typha
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Additional data sources
Criteria for inclusion in study:-
• Plant studied must be Typha
• Must be grown in environment containing levels of nutrients and metals similar to La Costa
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Additional data sources
Criteria for inclusion in study:-
• Plant studied must be Typha
• Must be grown in environment containing levels of nutrients and metals similar to La Costa
• Must be harvested at same point in growing season
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Results
% constituent removedN P Cu Pb Zn
All mechanisms
43.5 48.0 57.7 92.5 60.7
Harvested vegetation
5.0-7.0 2.9-8.5 0.3 0.2 1.8-2.0
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Cost effective ?
0.0
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Ave
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ual h
ours
Plant harvesting >70% total maintenance manhours = $14 000 (£7700)
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• Aesthetics/amenity
• Safety
• Habitat
• Vector/algae control
• Pollutant removal
Why include vegetation in ponds?
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Reducing costs?
Garver, E. G., Dubbe, D.R.. and Pratt, D.C.
Seasonal patterns in accumulation and partitioning of biomass and macronutrients in Typha spp
Aquatic Botany 32 pp115-127. 1988
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Reducing costs?
• Study carried out over 2 growing seasons
• Identified July of second growing season as time for removing maximum amount of nutrients in minimum amount of biomass
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Improving pollutant removal?
Fritioff, A. and Greger, M.
Aquatic and terrestrial plant species with potential to remove heavy metals from stormwater.
International Journal of Phytoremediation 5(3) pp 211-224 (2003)
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Improving pollutant removal?
• Typha metal accumulation:
sediments»roots/rhizome»leaves/shoots
• Study showed that some submersed and free-floating aquatic plants have higher metal accumulation capacity in their shoots than emergent species
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