Fine particles: the views of the WG on Strategies and Review

Richard BallamanChairman of WGSR

Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape

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Tasks for the EG on PM Assess the degree of control provided by existing

protocols; Review current work on PM under CLRTAP, taking also

into account the forthcoming Thematic Strategy of EC; Review the characteristics of PM as transboundary

pollutant (i.a. contribution from different sources or scale, implication of choosing different particle size fractions);

Consider the scientific and technical requirements, as well as non-technical measures, needed for possible option on how to develop further measures to reduce PM.

Acidification

Eutrophication

Tropospheric ozone

Multi pollutants / multi effects approach with new pollutants and driving forces

SO2

NH3

NOx

NMVOC

Particulate matter

Population exposure

primaryPM

Heavy Metals

PAH

Health & environmental impact(RAINS_BL_CLE, August 2004, C. Agren)

Estimated loss in SLE in EU25 from anthropogenic PM2.5 (months)

0123456789

10

2000 2010 2020

Percentage forest area in EU25 with acid deposition exceeding critical loads

0

5

10

15

20

25

2000 2010 2020

Percentage ecosystem area in EU25 with nitrogen deposition exceeding critical loads

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2000 2010 2020

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PM2.5 emissions in Europe estimated by the RAINS model for BL scenario

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

in 1

000

tonn

es

Rem. Eur.

Ukraine

Rus. Fed.

EU10 new

EU15 old

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Source categories to further consider

Ships, diesel vehicles, off-road sector Industrial processes Small combustion (wood burning) Agriculture (animal housing, manure storage and

spreading) Retrofitting of existing sources

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Options to be considered by WGSR Secondary PM are already covered by the MP-

ME Gothenburg protocol and Primary PM could also be integrated in MP-ME.

Primary PM are already partially covered by protocols on HMs which may be further developped in a Protocol on mercury and PM (including HMs)

A specific protocol on primary PM.

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Expert views are welcomed on:

Which option looks more promising ? (advantages / disadvantages)

Are the necessary information on PM emission

inventories and projections accurate enough to allow emission ceilings?

Do we have sufficient data to define BAT and LV for primary PM?

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Challenges for the Convention LRTAP Increase life expectancy of European population

by decrease of the mean population exposure to PM2.5

Implementation of a legal instrument to abate PM emissions (ideally with commitments of 48 countries).