finals animals – parts – naming terms behavior / restraint medical terminology veterinarian and...
TRANSCRIPT
Finals
• Animals– Parts– Naming terms
• Behavior / Restraint• Medical Terminology• Veterinarian and Vet Tech• Basic Anatomy
– Skeletal– Digestive– Muscular– Respiratory– Nervous
S K E L E T A L , M U S C U L A R , D I G E S T I V E , R E S P I R A T O R Y A N D N E R V O U S
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
SKELETAL SYSTEM
BONE PROBLEMS – PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
• Hip dysplasia• Invertebral disc disease
• Herniated disc• Ruptured disc• IVDD
• Osteochondrosis dissecans• OCD
• OsteoarthritisDegenerative Joint Disease / DJD
• Spondylosis• Luxation and Subluxation (complete vs partial)
IVD – INVERTEBRAL DISC DISEASE
• Can happen suddenly or slowly
• Can cause paralysis
• CT junction• TL junction• Breed
propensity• Treatment
SPONDYLOSIS
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS - OCD
LUXATING PATELLA
Normal hip joint
Hip Joint = Coxofemoral jointSubluxation = femoral head slips in and out of acetabulum
HIP DYSPLASIA
FHO –FEMORAL HEAD OSTECTOMY
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Ataxia-lack of voluntary control of muscle movement
• Atonic-lacking muscle control• Dystrophy-defective growth• Fibroma-tumor composed of fibrous
connective tissue• Hernia- protrusion of an organ or fascia
through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it
• Laxity-looseness• Myopathy-abnormal condition of
disease of muscle• Tetany – muscle spasms or twitching
Ataxia-lack of voluntary control of muscle movement “wobbliness”
Tetany-muscle spasms or twitiching
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Borborgymus• Trichobezoar• Cribbing• Colic• Gastric Dilation Volvulus (GDV)• Cleft palate• LDA
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
BORBORGYMUS
• Bowel sounds, “stomach” rumble, peristalic • Rumble, gurgle, growl
• produced by movement of the contents of the gastro-intestinal tract as they are propelled through the small intestine muscle contractions (peristalisis)
• can be loud enough to be heard with bare ears or may need a stethoscope to hear
• fluid and gas moves forward in the intestines (in the vicinity of but not actually within the stomach).
• The lack of bowel sounds is indicative of ileus, intestinal obstruction, or some other serious pathology.
• Also associated with hunger
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TRICHOBEZOAR • Mass of hair• Formed in the gastrointestinal
system• “hairball”• Can cause obstruction and have to be surgically removed
MEGAESOPHAGUS
• Food stays in the esophagus• Esophagus stays enlarged• Lack of peristalis• Food never enters stomach• Food is regurgitated• Food may be aspirated
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CLEFT PALATE
• Abnormal opening between nasal passages and mouth
• Interferes with eating• Respiratory difficulty
(aspiration pneumonia)
CRIBBING
• “windsucking”
• Also affects neck and back muscles due to the posture that is assumed when crbbing
• Boredom, endorphine release, possible ulcers
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COLIC
• Abdominal pain• Different causes
• Obstruction• Impaction• Inflammation
• Colitis, enteritis, peritonitis
• Twisted / ”strangulation”• Volvulus, torsion, intussusception
• Parasites
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GDV
• Gastric Dilatation Volvulus• Stomach fills with air, twists on it’s axis
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VG4fYmcNCdM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0JJnShl638I (good real life video!)
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DISPLACED ABOMASUM• Left Displaced Abomasum• Right Displaced Abomasum
• More room for complications (torsion)
LDA
• LDA• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLAj_rcqpPM
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Epistaxis• Nosebleed• Icepack on nose to constrict blood vessels• Causes
While there are many causes of epistaxis in dogs, the most common causes are trauma and infection.
•Rodenticide or rat poisoning•Von Willebrand's disease (vWD)•Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)•Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia •Ehrlichiosis - tick-borne disease•Rocky Mountain spotted fever - tick-borne disease•Hemangiosarcoma •Other cancers, especially of the nasal passages and skull•Fungal diseases (Aspergillis)•Horses: Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
TRACHEAL FOREIGN BODY
COLLAPSED TRACHEA
THORACENTESIS
• Hemothorax – blood• Pyothorax – pus• Pneumothorax - air• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3Rxult05Cg• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZK5dC6KxLKc
INFLAMMATION OF
• Rhinitis• Laryngitis• Pharyngitis • Bronchitis• Tracheitis• Tracheobronchitis
• Kennel Cough
FLUID OR INFLAMMATION
• Pulmonary edema• fluid accumulation in the air spaces and parenchymaof the lungs. It leads to impaired gas exchange and may cause respiratory failure.
• Pneumonia• an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the alveoli.
• Snuffles• Pasteurella
DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA
NERVOUS SYSTEM
PATHOLOGY
• Ataxia:• Damage, degeneration or
loss of nerve cells in the part of your brainthat controls muscle coordination(cerebellum), results in ataxia
• Without coordination• Stumbling
• CP Deficit• Conscious Proprioceptive
Deficit• Neurological defect in
which the animal appears not to know where its limbs are“knuckling”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JM-Wds_L7vI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06KO0q2ZZ5A
HORNER’S SYNDROME• Drooping eyelid• Affected eye constricts• Affected eye appears
sunken• The third eyelidmay
appear red• With cats
• Blunt force trauma• Tumor
Horner's Syndrome is a common neurological disorder of the eye and facial muscles, caused by dysfunction of the sympathetic nervous system.
VESTIBULAR DISEASE
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcX0-UWig1s
The vestibular system is responsible for maintaining normal balance. The vestibular system has central components located in the brain, and peripheral components located in the inner and middle ear.
PARAPLEGIA
• Paralysis of the hindlimbs
• Para (nervous system)
means hind or lower portion
POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA
• PEM• Abnormal softening
ofthe gray matter of the brain
EQUINE LARYNGEAL HEMIPLEGIA
• Called roaring• Noisy respiration/
narrowed larynxNerve fiber degeneration of a laryngeal nerve
PTOSIS OR -PTOSIS
• Prolapse or drooping
• Falling downward• Upper eyelid