A PROJECT REPORT ON

SOLAR STREET LIGHT

SOLAR STREET LIGHTGUIDED BY: - PREPARED BY:-

MR.Y.N KANWAR 1) DIWAN SAIEDSA YASINSA - 116220309540

2) PATEL AKIB HAFIZ IBRAHIM - 116220309512

3) MULLA MAHIR ABDULKADAR - 116220309511

4) PATEL MONARK KANUBHAI - 116220309520

The ProjectEntitled

“SOLAR STREET LIGHT”SUBMITTED IN

PARTIAL FULLFILMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

DIPLOMA ENGINEERINGIN

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.INDA

MAY-2014

GOVT.POLYTECHNIC, CHHOTAUDEPURDEPARTMENT OF DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL

CERTIFICATEThis is Certified that the following Student of Diploma in Electrical Engineering6th

Semester at this institute has satisfactorily carried out their project work in the subject of entitled “SOLAR STREET LIGHT” Under our guidance & Supervision for the term MAY-JUNE 2014.

Name:- EN. No. 1) DIWAN SAIEDSA YASINSA - 1162203095402) PATEL AKIB HAFIZ IBRAHIM - 1162203095123) MULLA MAHIR ABDULKADAR - 1162203095114) PATEL MONARK KANUBHAI - 116220309520

Signature of Guide Head of Department

INDEX

SR.NO Name

1. INDEX

2. LIST OF MATERIAL

3. WORKING

4. COST OF MATERIAL

5. HOW TO SELECT

6. CONCLUSION

7. BIBILOGRAPHY

Solar photovoltaic system is the use of solar photovoltaic effect of semiconductor materials, the solar radiation directly into a new electricity generating system. Photovoltaic power generation system is to convert solar energy into electrical energy generation system, the use of the photovoltaic effect. The main components of PV systems are solar cells, batteries, controller and inverter.

Second, the classification of photovoltaic power generation system solar photovoltaic power generation system is divided into separate grid photovoltaic systems and solar photovoltaic systems.

Independent solar photovoltaic solar lighting generation is not connected with the grid power generation, typical night in need of batteries to store electricity for energy. Independent of solar photovoltaic power generation is mainly used within the civilian remote villages, such as home systems, village-level solar photovoltaic power plant; mainly used within the industry of telecommunications.

ABSTRACT

satellite broadcasting TV, solar water pumps, the availability of wind power and small hydropower The region also could form hybrid power systems, such as wind power / solar power complementary systems.

Grid solar PV solar PV power is connected to the national power grid in the way of a supplementary network, is not typical of the battery. Section 2 Composition of photovoltaic power generation system

Solar power system consists of solar batteries, solar controller, battery (group). If the output power AC 220V or 110V, also need to configure inverter.

SOLAR STREET LIGHT system is a affordable costing project it

project for not required heavy engineering workshop. Raw materials are

easily available in local market. It projects for more information also

available in website and books so this project for we discuss with our

group, friend circle, and our professors and after all conveyance regards

this project and after granted this project to our collage. We got

permission for this project after we started construction and assembly of

this project.

HOW TO SELECT

Solar street light sunlight for energy# Beijing Tianzhu sun during the day to the battery charging solar panels, battery to the load power use at night. Let's us see solar street light of the related introduction. Solar street light to make practical use of the solar-generated energy, the electricity is most often fed into the electricity grid using inverters (grid-connected photovoltaic systems); in stand-alone systems, batteries are used to store the energy that is not needed immedi

INTRODUCTION

LIST OF MATERIAL

We started our project for we survey some types of using materials for our project. Before we make project collect air required listing as under material.

Sr. No

Name of parts

Size in mm Qty.N

OS.Cost Rs.

Remarks

1. Clamp 01

A. MANUFACTURING PARTS

Sr. No

Name of parts Size in mm

Qty.NOS.

Cost Rs.

Remarks

1. PVC Pipe 01 2502. Solar Plate 12 Volt 01 4500

3. Recharge ble Battery 12 Volt

1200

4. LDR Sensor 30

5. CFL Tube 806. Inverter Choke 1050

7. Rectifier Circuit 200

8. On/Off Switch 10

B. PURCHASE PARTS

WORKINGWorking of Solar Street LightsThe solar street lights use solar energy, a form of the renewable energy. These days it is common to see the solar street lamps along the sides of roads. The solar street lights comprise of the photovoltaic cells, which absorb the solar energy during daytime. The photovoltaic cells convert solar energy into electrical energy, which is stored in the battery. At the nighttime the lamp starts automatically and it consumes the electricity already stored in the battery. During the day time the battery gets recharged and the process keeps on repeating every day.

Solar power system consists of solar batteries, solar controller, battery (group). If the output power AC 220V or 110V, also need to configure inverter. The role of each part as follows:

Solar panels: solar panel solar lighting system is a core part of thesolar system is part of the highest value. Its role is to convert the sun'sradiation to electrical energy, stored in batteries or sent to, or promotes thework load. Solar panels will directly determine the quality and cost of qualityand cost of the entire system.Solar Controller: Solar controller's role is to control the entire systemstate, and played a battery charge protection, over discharge protection. Inthe large temperature difference, the controller should have qualifiedtemperature compensation function. Other additional features such as light-control switch, control switch when the controller should be optional.

Battery: lead-acid batteries generally, small micro-systems, can also

be used nickel metal hydride batteries, nickel cadmium batteries or

lithium batteries. Its role is when there is light emitted by solar energy

stored up, and then released when needed.

Inverter: In many occasions, will need to provide 220VAC, 110VAC

AC power source. As a direct output of solar lighting energy are

generally 12VDC, 24VDC, 48VDC. In order to provide the 220VAC

electrical power, solar power system needs to be issued by the DC

energy into AC power, so need to use the DC-AC inverter. In some cases,

you need to use a variety of voltage, load, also used DC-DC inverter,

such as the electrical energy

1.1 Solar power system

Solar cell and battery components of the system power supply unit, so the system directly affects the battery performance

(1) Battery Unit

As technology and material reasons, a single cell generating capacity is very limited, practical solar cells in a single cell by series and parallel to form a battery system, called the battery components (arrays). Single cell is a silicon diode, according to the electronic characteristic of semiconductor materials, when the sun light shines from the P-type and N-type conductivity of two different types of homogenous composition of semiconductor materials when the PN junction, under certain conditions, solar radiation absorbed by the semiconductor material in the conduction band and valence band of non-equilibrium carrier generation is electron and hole. Barrier at the PN junction with the existence of strong built-in area electrostatic field, which can be formed in the light of the current density J, short-circuit current Isc, open circuit voltage Uoc. If the sides of the built-in electric field leads to the electrode and connected to the load, by the PN junction theory, the connection circuit and the load form the loop, there is "photo-current" flows through the solar modules to achieve the power of the load P output. Theoretical studies have shown that the peak power of solar modules Pk, by the local solar radiation intensity and the end of the average electricity load (electricity demand) decisions.

(2) Electrical energy storage unit:Solar cells produce direct current into the battery before storage, the

battery characteristics of the system's efficiency and features. Battery technology is very mature, but its capacity to take power by the end of the sunshine time (generation time) effects. Watt-hour battery capacity and therefore the amount of the intended consecutive An Shirring no sunshine decision.

1.2 ControllerController's main function is to make solar power system is always in

the vicinity of the maximum power generation in order to obtain maximum efficiency. The charges control usually the PWM pulse width modulation control, so that the whole system is always running at maximum power point Pm near the area. Discharge control mainly refers to when the battery power shortage, system failures, such as open or reversed when the battery cut off switch. Currently both Hitachi developed a tracking control point Pm, and can track the sun moving parameter of the "sunflower" type of controller, the efficiency of the fixed battery components increased by 50% Or so.

1.3 DC-AC inverter

Inverter by incentives can be divided into self-excited oscillation inverter and his excited oscillation inverter. Main function is to reverse the battery's DC into AC. Through the full bridge circuit, generally modulated SPWM processor, filter, boost, etc., are with the lighting load frequency f, the rated voltage matches the sinusoidal alternating current UN and other end users for the system.

PARTS DETAILSOLAR PLATE

Whether on a solar-powered calculator or an international space station, solar panels generate electricity using the same principles of electronics as chemical batteries or standard electrical outlets. With solar panels, it's all about the free flow of electrons through a circuit.

To understand how solar panels generate electrical power, it might help to take a quick trip back to high school chemistry class. The basic element of solar panels is the same element that helped create the computer revolution pure silicon. When silicon is stripped of all impurities, it makes a ideal neutral platform for the transmission of electrons.

Silicon also has some atomic-level properties which make it even more attractive for the creation of solar panels.SOLAR CELLS, How They Work The solar cell offers a limitless and environmentally friendly source of electricity. The solar cell, is able to create electricity directly from photons. A photon can be thought of as a packet of light and the amount of energy in a photon is proportional to the wavelength of light

Solar Cell Structure

A. Encapsulate - The encapsulate, made of glass or other clear material such clear plastic, seals the cell from the external environment.

B. Contact Grid- The contact grid is made of a good conductor, such as a metal, and it serves as a collector of electrons.

C. The Antireflective Coating (AR Coating)- Through a combination of a favorable refractive index, and thickness, this layer serves to guide light into the solar cell. Without this layer, much of the light would simply bounce off the surface.

D.N-Type Silicon - N-type silicon is created by doping (contaminating) the Si with compounds that contain one more valence electrons* than Si does, such as with either Phosphorus or Arsenic. Since only four electrons are required to bond with the four adjacent silicon atoms, the fifth valence electron is available for conduction.

E. P-Type Silicon- P-type silicon is created by doping with compounds containing one less valence electrons* than Si does, such as with Boron. When silicon (four valence electrons) is doped with atoms that have one less valence electrons (three valence electrons), only three electrons are available for bonding with four adjacent silicon atoms, therefore an incomplete bond (hole) exists which can attract an electron from a nearby atom. Filling one hole creates another hole in a different Si atom. This movement of holes is available for conduction.

A photon's path through the solar cell.After a photon makes its way through the encapsulate it

encounters the antireflective layer. The antireflective layer channels the photon into the lower layers of the solar cell. Click on the following link if you would like to learn about SPECMAT's novel room temperature wet chemical growth antireflective layer (RTWCG - AR).

Once the photon passes the antireflective layer, it will either hit the silicon surface of the solar cell or the contact grid metallization. The metallization, being opaque, lowers the number of photons reaching the Si surface. The contact grid must be large enough to collect electrons yet cover as little of the solar cell's surface, allowing more photons to penetrate.

F. Back Contact - The back contact, made out of a metal, covers the entire back surface of the solar cell and acts as a conductor.[

A valence electron is an electron found in the outermost electron shell. An element containing more valence electrons will try to donate valence electrons to an element containing fewer valence electrons.

A light-dependent resistor alternatively called an LDR, photo resistor, photoconductor, or photocell, is a variable resistor whose value decreases with increasing incident light intensity.

An LDR is made of a high-resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance.

LDR:

A photoelectric device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. In intrinsic devices, the only available electrons are in the valence band, and hence the photon must have enough energy to excite the electron across the entire band gap, Extrinsic devices have impurities added, which have a ground state energy closer to the conduction band - since the electrons don't have as far to jump, lower energy photons (ie, longer wavelengths and lower frequencies) are sufficient to trigger the device.

Two of its earliest applications were as part of smoke and fire detection systems and camera light meters. Because cadmium sulfide cells are inexpensive and widely available, LDRs are stiD used in electronic devices that need light detection capability, such as security alarms, street lamps, and clock radiosAlso known as a photoconductive cell or light dependent resistor. (LDR) A device whose resistance decreases with exposure to light.

•Solar Street Lights are immensely useful as standalone source of light on streets and in premises, gardens and industrial complexes.•It is a packaged solar powered outdoor lighting system which provides Easy and quick way of tapping the solar power.•The system is very easy to install needing no special skills, tools or Expertise.•It provides a steady source of light in areas where conventionalSources of mains utility are erratic, unreliable or unobtainable.•It is independent and self-contained and hence needs no extra wiring or cables.•It saves on costly transmission losses.•As the Earth's resources become increasingly scarce, increasingly based on investment costs of energy rising, and a variety of safety and Pollution problems can be said to be everywhere. Solar energy as a "Inexhaustible" security, environmental protection and new energy Sources more and more attention. Thus, solar water heaters with solar Lighting products came into being after the popular, where the solar Street lamps and light effects in using the circuit for practical Comparison.

ADVANTAGE

Green energy and sustainable development issues facing humanity

this century is a major issue, the development of new energy, full of

rational use of existing energy has been great attention of Governments.

Solar power as an inexhaustible supply of clean green energy will be an

unprecedented development. With the solar energy industry and

technology development process of the deepening of its efficiency, cost

will be increased, which includes all areas, including BIPV will be

widely used, it will greatly promote China's "Green Lights" fast

Development

CONCLUSION