final year project me-hydraulic cutting machine.doc

8/16/2019 Final Year Project ME-Hydraulic Cutting Machine.doc

1/53

A

PROJECT REPORT ON

Hydraulic Cutting Machine

(2012-2016

!"#M$TTE% $N PART$A& '"&&'$&MENT O' THE

RE"$REMENT 'OR THE A)AR% O' THE %E*REE O'

#ACHE&OR O' TECHNO&O*+ $N

MECHAN$CA& EN*$NEER$N*

"N%ER THE *"$%ANCE O' Mr, !"#O%H #ARTH)A&

%EPARTMENT O' MECHAN$CA& EN*$NEER$N*

%$T !CHOO& O' EN*$NEER$N* *REATER NO$%A !u.itted #y -

JAINESH KUMAR

ARUN KUMAR KESHAV CHAUHAN

BASANT SANDILYA

ASHWANI KUMAR

0


2/53

CERT$'$CATE

This is to certify tht the B!Tech "ro#ect e$tit%e& 'Hy&r(%ic C(tti$) Mchi$e* hs +ee$

co,"%ete& +y the st(&e$ts of fi$% yer of Mech$ic% E$)i$eeri$) -DIT Schoo% .f

E$)i$eeri$) i$ stisfctory ,$$er for "rti% f(%fi%%,e$t of the re/(ire,e$t for the r&

of the &e)ree of Bche%or .f Tech$o%o)y i$ Mech$ic% E$)i$eeri$) &(ri$) the c&e,ic

yer 1023425 ($&er the s("er6isio$ of Mr! S(+o&h Brth%- &e"rt,e$t of Mech$ic%

E$)i$eeri$)- DIT Schoo% .f E$)i$eeri$)!

Mr! S(+o&h Brth%

De"rt,e$t .f Mech$ic% E$)i$eeri$)

DIT Schoo% .f E$)i$eeri$)

2


3/53

AC/NO)&E%EMENT

Wor&s c$$ot e7"ress o(r "rofo($& )rtit(&e to %% those ho h6e s(""orte& $&

)(i&e& (s i$ ,8i$) o(r &re, re%ity!

We s"eci%%y th$8 o(r 9(i&e $& He& of the De"rt,e$t of Mech$ic% E$)i$eeri$)

Mr! S(+o&h Brth% ho h& +ee$ so 8i$& s to e7te$& their ho%e herte&

s(""ort $& "recio(s )(i&$ce hich i$s"ire& (s to t8e (" this ch%%e$)e $& to

co,"%ete the "ro#ect s(ccessf(%%y!

We re %so th$8f(% to %% o(r &e"rt,e$ts $& frie$&s ho h6e si$cere%y shres

their 6%(+%e 8$o%e&)e ith (s!

1


4/53

PRE'ACE

I$ this "rtic(%r "ro#ect e h6e (se& ro+otic r,- hich is hy&r(%ic%%y o"erte& $&

co$tro%%e& +y syri$)es fi%%e& ith so,e f%(i&! At the e$& of this ro+otic r, ,otor is

fitte& o$ hich e c$ ,o($t c(tti$) +%&e to "erfor, the c(tti$) ctio$ t the &esire&

%octio$ !I$ this ,otor- i$ f(t(re e c$ %so (se so,e other 8i$& of too%s for 6rio(s

,ech$ic% o"ertio$s! It co$sists of 6rio(s "rts co$$ecte& to ech other i$ "re4

&esi)$e& ,$$er hich re )(i&e& i$ co$stri$e& y to o+ti$ re/(ire& o(t"(t! :%(i&

"oer hs +ee$ (se& to ,o6e the r, i$ &iffere$t &irectio$s to ,8e it rech t &esire&

%octio$! A%o$) ith hy&r(%ic "oer e h6e %so (se& DC +ttery to s(""%y "oer to

%% the fo(r ,otors (se& i$ this "ro#ect!

;


5/53

PROJECT TEAM

• JAINESH KUMAR(1229140039)

• KESHAV CHAUHAN(1229140043)

• BASANT SANDILYA (1229140029)

• ARUN KUMAR(1229140018)

• ASHWANI KUMAR(1229140023)

B.Tech

Mechanical Branch Final Year

Batch- 2012-2016


6/53

&$!T O' COMPONANT!

:i)(re No! Descri"tio$ =)e No!

2 Woo&e$ R," 17

1 DC )er ,otor 2>

; =oer S(""%y 2?

< DC 9er Motor 2>

3 Dio&e 1;

5 Syri$)es 1@

@ Bttery 2?

? Rotor 2>

> :%(i& Li$es 1?

3


7/53

CONTENT!

CERT$'$CATE 1

AC/NO)&E%*EMENT 2

PRE'ACE

PROJECT TEAM

&$!T O' COMPONENT!

1, $NTRO%"CT$ON 3

1,1 $NTRO%"CT$ON TO '&"$% PO)ER 4

1,2 A!!ET! O' "!$N* '&"$% PO)ER 5

1, #A!$C PR$NC$P&E 11 1, APP&$CAT$ON! O' PA!CA&7 &A) 12

1, A%%$T$ONA& A%8ANTA*E! 1

2, A%8ANTA*E! O' '&"$% PO)ER 1

, 'A#R$CAT$ON %ETA$&! 1

MA$N PART! AN% %ETA$&!,1 )OO%EN RAMP, 13

,2 PO)ER !"PP&+, 14

, %C *EAR MOTOR, 15

, %$O%E 2

, RECT$'$ER 2

,6 !+R$N*E! AN% P$PE! 23

, )OR/$N* PR$C$P&E 24

, #uilding the Card9ard R99tic Cutting .achine 25

,1The Card9ard R99tic Cutting .achine #a7e 25

,2The Card9ard R99tic Cutting .achine &i.7 0

, The Card9ard R99tic Cutting .achine J9int7 0

5


8/53


9/53

1- $NTRO%"CT$ON

1,1 $NTRO%"CT$ON TO '&"$% PO)ER

:%(i& "oer is ter, hich s crete& to i$c%(&e the )e$ertio$-

co$tro%-$& ""%ictio$ of s,ooth- effecti6e "oer of "(,"e& or co,"resse& f%(i&s eithe

r %i/(i&s or )ses he$ this "oer is s(it+%y (se& to "ro6i&e force $& ,otio$ to

,ech$is,s! This force $& ,otio$ ,y+e i$ the for, of "(shi$)- "(%%i$) - rotti$)-

re)(%ti$)- or &ri6i$)! :%(i& "oer i$c%(&es hy&r(%ics- hich i$6o%6es %i/(i&s!

Li/(i&s $& )ses re si,i%r i$ ,$y res"ects! The &iffere$ces re "oi$te& o(t i$

the ""ro"rite res of this ,$(%! This ,$(% "rese$ts ,$y of the f($&,e$t%co$ce"ts i$ the fie%&s of hy&r(%ics $& "$e(,tics! It is i$te$&e& s +sic

refere$ce for %% "erso$$e% of the N6y hose &(ties $& res"o$si+i%ities re/(ire the, to

h6e 8$o%e&)e of the f($&,e$t%s of f%(i& "oer! Co$se/(e$t%y- e,"hsis is "%ce&

"ri,ri%y o$ the theory of o"ertio$ of ty"ic% f%(i& "oer syste,s $& co,"o$e$ts tht

h6e ""%ictio$s i$ $6% e/(i",e$t! M$y ""%ictio$s of f%(i& "oer re "rese$te& i$

this ,$(% to i%%(strte the f($ctio$s $& o"ertio$ of &iffere$t syste,s $& co,"o$e$ts!

Hoe6er - these re o$%y re"rese$tti6e of the ,$y ""%ictio$s of f%(i& "oer i$ $6%

e/(i",e$t!

I$&i6i&(% tri$i$) ,$(%s for ech rte "ro6i&e i$for,tio$ co$cer$i$) the ""%ictio$

of f%(i& "oer to s"ecific e/(i",e$t for hich the rti$) is res"o$si+%e

0


10/53


11/53

ro+ots ,(sc%es co,e i$ the for, of ct(tors tht co$6ert hy&r(%ic- e%ectric% or

"$e(,tic e$er)y i$to "oer for ech #oi$t! Ne7t there is $ e%ectro$ic $er6o(s syste, of

ires $& se$sors tht crries co,,$&s to the ,(sc%es of the ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e

$& the$ +c8 to $ e7ter$% co,"(ter!

The ,i$ &iffere$ce +etee$ the c(tti$) ,chi$e of the ro+ot $& tht of h(,$ is

fo($& t the c(tti$) ,chi$es e7tre,ity! Rther th$ h6i$) f%e7i+%e- ,(%ti4fi$)ere&

h$&- ty"ic% ro+ot c(tti$) ,chi$es e$& i$ s"eci%4"(r"ose &e6ices c%%e& e$&4effectors-

hich re i$st%%e& &irect%y i$to the rist! To re&(ce the $(,+er of c%c(%tio$s- $ee&e&

to &eter,i$e the ro+ots e7ct "ositio$- the +se is )e$er%%y 8e"t sttio$ry! I$ fe

""%ictio$s- hoe6er- %i8e the ro+ots i$ s"ot e%&i$)- ro+ots re "ro)r,,e& to fo%%o

$ sse,+%y %i$e! The ,otio$s of the ro+ots c$ +e "ro)r,,e& +y ,e$s of &irect

techi$) here the c(tti$) ,chi$e is ,$(%%y )(i&e& thro()h its &esire& ,otio$ $& the

ro+ots co,"(ter re,e,+ers these s"ecific ,otio$s- sort of %i8e tch $& %er$

,etho&! Ro+ots c$ %so +e t()ht +y ,e$s of "ro)r,,i$) +y co,"(ter s"eci%ist!

:i$%%y there is %ys the o"tio$ of creti$) %er$i$) co,"(ter tht i%% )ther &t s

it ,8es ,ist8es $& o$ the fo%%oi$) tte,"t- it o$t ,8e the s,e ,ist8e )i$!

Hoe6er- this ,etho& is$t s(ite& for %% i$st$ces! :or e7,"%e- h6i$) s(r)ic% ro+ot

tht is +o(t to o"erte o$ yo( $& is sti%% i$ the "rocess of %er$i$) here to ,8e the

i$cisio$ o$t )i6e yo( the fee%i$) of sec(rity! Ne6erthe%ess- this sti%% c$ +e (se& for

ro+ots i$ the re% or%&- %ife is co,"%ete%y ($"re&ict+%e!

1


12/53

1, #A!$C PR$NC$P&E ;

The +sic co$ce"t (se& +ehi$& the o"ertio$ is =ASCALFs LAW! This % sttes tht

he$ "ress(re is ""%ie& t o$e "oi$t of f%(i& co$ti$e& i$ co$stri$e& 6o%(,e- the$

the "ress(re &(e to tht force is e/(%%y tr$s,itte& to %% the "oi$ts of the f%(i&- hich re

cte& ("o$ +y the s,e "ress(re!

Usi$) the s,e "ri$ci"%e- e ""%ie& "ress(re to f%(i& i$ syri$)e hich is tr$s,itte& to

other e$& of t(+e hich is co$$ecte& to syri$)e! This ,otio$ of the syri$)e is (se& to

,o6e the %i$8s or "rts of the ,ech$is, hich re ttche& to res"ecti6e syri$)es!

;


13/53

1, APP&$CAT$ON! O' PA!CA&! &A)

• The ($&er%yi$) "ri$ci"%e of the hy&r(%ic #c8 $& hy&r(%ic "ress!

• :orce ,"%ifictio$ i$ the +r8i$) syste, of ,ost ,otor 6ehic%es!

• Use& i$ rtesi$ e%%s- ter toers- $& &,s!

• Sc(+ &i6ers ,(st ($&erst$& this "ri$ci"%e! At &e"th of 20 ,eters ($&er ter-

"ress(re is tice the t,os"heric "ress(re t se %e6e%- $& i$creses +y +o(t 200

8= for ech i$crese of 20 , &e"th!

• Us(%%y =sc%s r(%e is ""%ie& to co$fi$e& s"ce sttic f%o- +(t &(e to the

co$ti$(o(s f%o "rocess- =sc%s "ri$ci"%e c$ +e ""%ie& to the %ift oi%,ech$is, hich c$ +e re"rese$te& s U t(+e ith "isto$s o$ either e$&!

Hoe6er- the %ift hei)ht i%% +e i$ ,icro$s +ec(se e$er)y i%% +e &ri$e& $&

"ress(re i%% +e &i,i$ishe& fter ech i,"ct ith the %ifti$) ,teri%- +(t force

e7erte& i%% +e e/(%!

• A""%ie& force i$ cy%i$&er =2A2!

• The ($&er%yi$) "ri$ci"% of hot isosttic "ressi$)

!


14/53

1.5 Additional Advantages Of Fluid Power

Hydraulic and pneumatic systems share many benefits for the machines in which they are installed.

These include:

• High horsepower-to-weight ratio — You could probably hold a 5-hp hydraulic motor in the

palm of your hand, but a 5-hp electric motor might weight 4 lb or more.

• Safety in hazardous environments because they are inherently spar!-free and can tolerate

high temperatures.

• Fore or tor!ue an "e held onstant — this is uni"ue to fluid power transmission

• High tor!ue at low speed — unli!e electric motors, pneumatic and hydraulic motors can

produce high tor"ue while operating at low rotational speeds. #ome fluid power motors can

e$en maintain tor"ue at %ero speed without o$erheating

• Pressurized fluids an "e transmitted over long distanes and through comple& machine

configurations with only a small loss in power

• #ulti-funtional ontrol — a single hydraulic pump or air compressor can pro$ide power to

many cylinders, motors, or other actuators

• $limination of ompliated mehanial trains of gears , chains, belts, cams, and lin!ages

• #otion an "e almost instantly reversed

3


15/53

2 A%8ANTA*E! O' '&"$% PO)ER

Ea7e and accuracy 9< c9ntr9lG By the (se of si,"%e %e6ers $& "(sh +(tto$s- the

o"ertor of hy&r(%ic syste, c$ esi%y strt- sto"- s"ee& (" $& s%o &o$!

Multi=licati9n 9<


16/53

, 'A#R$CAT$ON %ETA$&!

Heres ,ech$ic% c(tti$) ,chi$e o(r te, +(i%t s fi$% yer "ro#ect (si$) hy&r(%ic

"oer $& DC "oer! It (ses syri$)es $& r(++er t(+i$) to ct s hy&r(%ic syste,! :or

the ,ost "rt syri$)es or8 $ice%y- +(t fi%%i$) the, (" so theres $o tr""e& ir is "i$!

Si$ce ter is "rctic%%y i$co,"ressi+%e- the syri$)e "%($)ers sho(%& ,o6e e/(%%y

+ec(se +oth syri$)es re the s,e &i,eter!

Fig 1 Syringes and Pipes

We !"#$e% $&e '&!e %e*+e !# , '!!%e# -!,.% '&*+& */ /$.!#

e#!"& $! -e,. $&e !,% ! ,.*!"/ +!!#e#$/ ! $&e ,+&*#e/ *e

/'*$+&e/ .!$,$*!# !$!. ,#% e/e+*,5 $&e -,$$e.5 '&*+& */ $&e

&e,*e/$6 W!!%e# ., &,/ !". '&ee/ '&*+& &e/ $&e '&!e %e*+e

$! !e .! !#e ,+e $! ,#!$&e. '*$& $&e &e ! DC !$!./

!"#$e% !# 2 ! *$/ .!#$ '&ee/6

A-!e $&e -!,.% $&e.e */ .!$,.5 ,$!. !"#$e% '*$& $&e .!$,$*!# !

30 %e.ee ,#e6 T&*/ ,$!. +,# .!$,$e 30 %e.ee '*$& $&e &e !

,#!$&e. DC !$!.6

@


17/53

T&e ,*# +!!#e#$ '&*+& */ &5%.,"*+ ,. */ !"#$e% !e. $&*/

.!$,.5 ,$!. '*$& %*e.e#$ ,..,#ee#$/ ! /5.*#e/ ,#% &5%.,"*+

$"-e/ 6S! $&*/ ',/ $&e -.*e *#$.!%"+$*!# ! , $&e ,-.*+,$*!# '!. %!#e

*# $&*/ .!e+$ %e$,*e% e:,#,$*!# ! %*e.e#$ +!!#e#$/ */ *e#

-e!' *#%**%",56

The )ri""er hs tot% 6ertic% &is"%ce,e$t of 1@ i$ches! It c$ rech 3 i$ches +e%o its

+se- $& ,7i,(, of 11 i$ches +o6e! The ho%e c(tti$) ,chi$e c$ rotte thro()h

+o(t ;3 &e)rees hich is "retty )oo& co,"re& to ,y c%ss,tes

MA$N PART! AN% THE$R %ETA$&!

,1 )OO%EN RAMP

,2 PO)ER !"PP&+

, %C *EAR MOTOR,

, %$O%E!

, Hydraulic Cylinder7 and &ine7(!yringe7 and Tue7

?


18/53

,1 )OO%EN RAMP

The ho%e ""rt(s is ,o($te& o$ oo&e$ +or&! The +or& is s(""orte& +y the fo(r

hee%s hich c$ ,o6e the ho%e ,chi$e fro, o$e "%ce to $other ith the he%" of

to DC ,otors ,o($te& o$ the fro$t to hee%s of the +or&! These ,otors re

co$tro%%e& +y the sitches!

'ig,2 )99den Ra.= Piece7

The oo&e$ +or& sho(%& +e stro$) e$o()h to +er the %o& of 6rio(s "rts of the

""rt(s! S"ecifictio$s of the oo&e$ Bor&s re

Woo&e$ +or& G 21 2? INCHES

=%tfor, G 300,, 500,,

Thic8$ess of +or& G 10 ,

>


19/53

,2 PO)ER !"PP&+

A &c +ttery of 216 hs +ee$ (se& i$ this "ro#ect to s(""%y "oer to 6rio(s ,otors of the

""rt(s %i8e ,otors (se& o$ the hee%s-,otor (se& t the rotry "%tfor, $& %so the

c(tti$) too% ,otor!

'ig, #attery

20


20/53

, %C MOTOR

I$ this "ro#ect e h6e (se& fo(r DC ,otors-to o$ the hee%s -o$e o$ the r, for

rottio$ of the c(tter $& the %st o$e hs +ee$ (se& to rotte he rottry "%tfor, ;50

&e)ree ro($&!

A DC ,otor is ,ech$ic%%y co,,(tte& e%ectric ,otor "oere& fro, &irect

c(rre$t DC! The sttor is sttio$ry i$ s"ce +y &efi$itio$ $& therefore its c(rre$t! The

c(rre$t i$ the rotor is sitche& +y the co,,(ttor to %so +e sttio$ry i$ s"ce! This is

ho the re%ti6e $)%e +etee$ the sttor $& rotor ,)$etic f%(7 is ,i$ti$e& $er >0&e)rees- hich )e$ertes the ,7i,(, tor/(e!

'ig %C M9t9r

22

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current


21/53

Li8e %% e%ectric ,otors or )e$ertors- tor/(e is "ro&(ce& +y the "ri$ci"%e of Lore$t

force- hich sttes tht $y c(rre$t4crryi$) co$&(ctor "%ce& ithi$ $ e7ter$%

,)$etic fie%& e7"erie$ces tor/(e or force 8$o$ s Lore$t force! A&6$t)es of

+r(she& DC ,otor i$c%(&e %o i$iti% cost- hi)h re%i+i%ity- $& si,"%e co$tro% of ,otor

s"ee&! Dis&6$t)es re hi)h ,i$te$$ce $& %o %ife4s"$ for hi)h i$te$sity (ses!

Mi$te$$ce i$6o%6es re)(%r%y re"%ci$) the +r(shes $& s"ri$)s hich crry the e%ectric

c(rre$t- s e%% s c%e$i$) or re"%ci$) the co,,(ttor! These co,"o$e$ts re $ecessry

for tr$sferri$) e%ectric% "oer fro, o(tsi&e the ,otor to the s"i$$i$) ire i$&i$)s of

the rotor i$si&e the ,otor! Br(shes re ,&e of co$&(ctors!

The i$tro&(ctio$ of DC ,otors to r($ ,chi$ery e%i,i$te& the $ee& for %oc% ste, or

i$ter$% co,+(stio$ e$)i$es- $& %i$e shft &ri6e syste,s! DC ,otors c$ o"erte &irect%y

fro, rechr)e+%e +tteries- "ro6i&i$) the ,oti6e "oer for the first e%ectric 6ehic%es!

To&y DC ,otors re sti%% fo($& i$ ""%ictio$s s s,%% s toys $& &is8 &ri6es- or i$

%r)e sies to o"erte stee% ro%%i$) ,i%%s $& ""er ,chi$es!

#ru7h

A +r(she& DC e%ectric ,otor )e$erti$) tor/(e fro, DC "oer s(""%y +y (si$) i$ter$%

,ech$ic% co,,(ttio$- s"ce sttio$ry "er,$e$t ,)$ets for, the sttor fie%&!

Tor/(e is "ro&(ce& +y the "ri$ci"%e of Lore$t force- hich sttes tht $y c(rre$t4

crryi$) co$&(ctor "%ce& ithi$ $ e7ter$% ,)$etic fie%& e7"erie$ces force 8$o$ s

Lore$t force! The ct(% Lore$t force $& %so tor/(e si$ce tor/(e is : 7 % here % is

rotor r&i(s is f($ctio$ for rotor $)%e $& so the )ree$ rro6ector ct(%%y ch$)es

%e$)th,)$it(&e ith $)%e 8$o$ s tor/(e ri""%e Si$ce this is si$)%e "hse to "o%e

21

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_shafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_shafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_shaft


22/53

,otor the co,,(ttor co$sists of s"%it ri$)- so tht the c(rre$t re6erses ech h%f t(r$

2?0 &e)rees!

The +r(she& DC e%ectric ,otor )e$ertes tor/(e &irect%y fro, DC "oer s(""%ie& to the

,otor +y (si$) i$ter$% co,,(ttio$- sttio$ry ,)$ets "er,$e$t or e%ectro,)$ets-$& rotti$) e%ectric% ,)$ets!

Li8e %% e%ectric ,otors or )e$ertors- tor/(e is "ro&(ce& +y the "ri$ci"%e of Lore$t

force- hich sttes tht $y c(rre$t4crryi$) co$&(ctor "%ce& ithi$ $ e7ter$%

,)$etic fie%& e7"erie$ces tor/(e or force 8$o$ s Lore$t force! A&6$t)es of

+r(she& DC ,otor i$c%(&e %o i$iti% cost- hi)h re%i+i%ity- $& si,"%e co$tro% of ,otor

s"ee&! Dis&6$t)es re hi)h ,i$te$$ce $& %o %ife4s"$ for hi)h i$te$sity (ses!

Mi$te$$ce i$6o%6es re)(%r%y re"%ci$) the +r(shes $& s"ri$)s hich crry the e%ectric

c(rre$t- s e%% s c%e$i$) or re"%ci$) the co,,(ttor! These co,"o$e$ts re $ecessry

for tr$sferri$) e%ectric% "oer fro, o(tsi&e the ,otor to the s"i$$i$) ire i$&i$)s of

the rotor i$si&e the ,otor!Br(shes re ,&e of co$&(ctors!

#ru7hle77

Mi$ rtic%esG Br(sh%ess DC e%ectric ,otor $& Sitche& re%(ct$ce ,otor

Ty"ic% +r(sh%ess DC ,otors (se rotti$) "er,$e$t ,)$et i$ the rotor- $& sttio$ry

e%ectric% c(rre$tcoi% ,)$ets o$ the ,otor ho(si$) for the rotor- +(t the sy,,etric%

o""osite is %so "ossi+%e! A ,otor co$tro%%er co$6erts DC to AC! This &esi)$ is si,"%er

th$ tht of +r(she& ,otors +ec(se it e%i,i$tes the co,"%ictio$ of tr$sferri$) "oer

fro, o(tsi&e the ,otor to the s"i$$i$) rotor! A&6$t)es of +r(sh%ess ,otors i$c%(&e %o$)

%ife s"$- %itt%e or $o ,i$te$$ce- $& hi)h efficie$cy! Dis&6$t)es i$c%(&e hi)h i$iti%

cost- $& ,ore co,"%icte& ,otor s"ee& co$tro%%ers! So,e s(ch +r(sh%ess ,otors re

so,eti,es referre& to s sy$chro$o(s ,otors %tho()h they h6e $o e7ter$% "oer

s(""%y to +e sy$chro$ie& ith- s o(%& +e the cse ith $or,% AC sy$chro$o(s

,otors!

2;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushed_DC_electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switched_reluctance_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushed_DC_electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switched_reluctance_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current


23/53

"nc9..utated

.ther ty"es of DC ,otors re/(ire $o co,,(ttio$!

• H9.9=9lar .9t9r A ho,o"o%r ,otor hs ,)$etic fie%& %o$) the 7is of

rottio$ $& $ e%ectric c(rre$t tht t so,e "oi$t is $ot "r%%e% to the ,)$etic fie%&! The

$,e ho,o"o%r refers to the +se$ce of "o%rity ch$)e!

Ho,o"o%r ,otors $ecessri%y h6e si$)%e4t(r$ coi%- hich %i,its the, to 6ery %o

6o%t)es! This hs restricte& the "rctic% ""%ictio$ of this ty"e of ,otor!

• #all earing .9t9r A +%% +eri$) ,otor is $ ($(s(% e%ectric ,otor tht co$sists

of to +%% +eri$)4ty"e +eri$)s- ith the i$$er rces ,o($te& o$ co,,o$ co$&(cti6e

shft- $& the o(ter rces co$$ecte& to hi)h c(rre$t- %o 6o%t)e "oer s(""%y! A$%ter$ti6e co$str(ctio$ fits the o(ter rces i$si&e ,et% t(+e- hi%e the i$$er rces re

,o($te& o$ shft ith $o$4co$&(cti6e sectio$ e!)! to s%ee6es o$ $ i$s(%ti$) ro&!

This ,etho& hs the &6$t)e tht the t(+e i%% ct s f%yhee%! The &irectio$ of

rottio$ is &eter,i$e& +y the i$iti% s"i$ hich is (s(%%y re/(ire& to )et it )oi$)!

2


24/53

, %$O%E

The si,"%est se,ico$&(ctor &e6ice is ,&e (" of s$&ich of =4ty"e se,i4co$&(cti$)

,teri%- ith co$tcts "ro6i&e& to co$$ect the "4$& $4ty"e %yers to $ e7ter$%

circ(it! This is #($ctio$ Dio&e! If the "ositi6e ter,i$% of the +ttery is co$$ecte& to

the "4ty"e ,teri% ctho&e $& the $e)ti6e ter,i$% to

The N4ty"e ,teri% A$o&e- %r)e c(rre$t i%% f%o! This is c%%e& forr& C(rre$t or

forr& +ise&!If the co$$ectio$s re re6erse&- 6ery %itt%e c(rre$t i%% f%o! This is

+ec(se ($&er this co$&itio$- the "4ty"e ,teri% i%% cce"t the e%ectro$ fro, the

$e)ti6e ter,i$% of the +ttery $& the N4ty"e ,teri% i%% )i6e (" its free

e%ectro$s to the +ttery- res(%ti$) i$ the stte of e%ectric% e/(i%i+ri(, si$ce the N4

ty"e ,teri% hs $o ,ore e%ectro$s! Th(s there i%% +e s,%% c(rre$t to f%o

$& the &io&e is c%%e& Re6erse +ise&! Th(s the Dio&e %%os &irect c(rre$t to

"ss o$%y i$ o$e &irectio$ hi%e +%oc8i$) it is the other &irectio$! =oer &io&es re

(se& i$ co$certi$) AC i$to DC! I$ this - c(rre$t i%% f%o free%y &(ri$) the first h%f

cyc%e forr& +ise& $& "rctic%%y $ot t %% &(ri$) the other h%f cyc%e

re6erse +ise&! This ,8es the &io&e $ effecti6e rectifier- hich co$6ert c i$to

"(%sti$) &c! Si)$% &io&es re (se& i$ r&io circ(its for &etectio$! e$er &io&es re

(se& i$ the circ(it to co$tro% the 6o%t)e!

23


25/53


26/53

2@


27/53

, RECT$'$ER

A rectifier is $ e%ectric% &e6ice tht co$6erts %ter$ti$) c(rre$t AC- hich

"erio&ic%%y re6erses &irectio$- to &irect c(rre$t DC- c(rre$t tht f%os i$ o$%y o$e

&irectio$- "rocess 8$o$ s rectifictio$! Rectifiers h6e ,$y (ses i$c%(&i$) s

co,"o$e$ts of "oer s(""%ies $& s &etectors of r&io si)$%s! Rectifiers ,y +e ,&e

of so%i& stte &io&es- 6c((, t(+e &io&es- ,erc(ry rc 6%6es- $& other co,"o$e$ts! The

o(t"(t fro, the tr$sfor,er is fe& to the rectifier! It co$6erts A!C! i$to "(%sti$) D!C! The

rectifier ,y +e h%f 6e or f(%% 6e rectifier! I$ this "ro#ect- +ri&)e rectifier is

(se& +ec(se of its ,erits %i8e )oo& st+i%ity $& f(%% 6e rectifictio$! I$ "ositi6e h%f

cyc%e o$%y to &io&es 2 set of "r%%e% &io&es i%% co$&(ct- i$ $e)ti6e h%f cyc%e

re,i$i$) to &io&es i%% co$&(ct $& they i%% co$&(ct o$%y i$ forr& +is o$%y!

, '$&TER

C"citi6e fi%ter is (se& i$ this "ro#ect! It re,o6es the ri""%es fro, the o(t"(t of

rectifier $& s,oothe$s the D!C! .(t"(t recei6e& fro, this fi%ter is co$st$t ($ti% the

,i$s 6o%t)e $& %o& is ,i$ti$e& co$st$t! Hoe6er- if either of the to is 6rie&-

D!C! 6o%t)e recei6e& t this "oi$t ch$)es! Therefore re)(%tor is ""%ie& t the o(t"(t

st)e!

2?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detector_(radio)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detector_(radio)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_state_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_arc_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supplyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detector_(radio)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_state_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_arc_valve


28/53

The si,"%e c"citor fi%ter is the ,ost +sic ty"e of "oer s(""%y fi%ter! The (se

of this fi%ter is 6ery %i,ite&! It is so,eti,es (se& o$ e7tre,e%y hi)h46o%t)e- %o4c(rre$t

"oer s(""%ies for ctho&e4ry $& si,i%r e%ectro$ t(+es tht re/(ire 6ery %itt%e %o&

c(rre$t fro, the s(""%y! This fi%ter is %so (se& i$ circ(its here the "oer4s(""%y ri""%e

fre/(e$cy is $ot critic% $& c$ +e re%ti6e%y hi)h! Be%o fi)(re c$ sho ho the

c"citor ch$)es

$& &ischr)es!

2>


29/53

,6 !yringe7 And 'luid Pi=e7

We h6e (se& syri$)es i$ "%ce of cy%i$&ers $& "isto$ for "(shi$) $& tr$s,itti$) the

f%(i& "oer fro, o$e "%ce to $other syri$)e thro()h 6rio(s "i"e %i$es! Bec(se it is

#(st si,"%e ,o&e% so the syri$)es (se& for cy%i$&ers re )oo& for the &e,o$strtio$

"(r"ose $& tr$s,itti$) the re/(ire& f%(i& force! The %e$)th of the "i"es sho(%& +e %o$)

e$o()h ith so,e %%o$ces -so tht the ,o6e,e$t of &iffere$t r,s co(%& +e &o$e

esi%y!

'ig 6

10


30/53

,)OR/$N* PR$NC$P&E

=sc%s % is the +sic "ri$ci"%e +ehi$& the or8i$) of this hy&r(%ic r,! Pascal's law states that-"pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid

is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid"

Hydraulic !y7te.-A hy&r(%ic &ri6e syste, is &ri6e tht (ses co$fi$e& "ress(rie&

i$co,"ressi+%e f%(i& Wter i$ o(r cse to "oer hy&r(%ic ,chi$ery!

' hydrauli drive system is a dri$e or transmission system tht uses pressuri%ed hydraulic

fluid to power hydraulic machine. The term hydrostatic refers to the transfer of energy from

flow and pressure, not from the !inetic energy of the flow.

A hydrauli drive system onsists of three parts%

The generator (e.g. a hydraulic pump), dri$en by an electric motor $al$es, filters, piping etc.

(to guide and control the system)* and the actuator (e.g. a hydraulic motor or hydraulic

cylinder) to dri$e the machinery.

12


31/53

#uilding the Card9ard R99tic Cutting .achine

• The cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e ,(st h6e st(r&y +se! If it is $ot sec(re& it

i%% to""%e o6er he$ it tte,"ts to c(t the o+#ect!• The cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e ,(st h6e t %est to "rts to the %i,+! These

re )e$er%%y referre& to s the +ice"s $& the forec(tti$) ,chi$e! So,e cr&+or&

ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$es %so h6e h$&s or fi$)ers!

• The cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e ,(st h6e t %est to #oi$ts! The e%+o #oi$t

e$+%es it to +e$& o6er to the o+#ect! The rist or fi$)er #oi$ts %%o it to "ic8 (" the

o+#ect! So,e cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$es %so h6e thir& #oi$t t the sho(%&er

$er the +se!

• The cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e ,(st h6e ,(sc%e syste,! This "oers it

thro()h its ,otio$s! This c$ +e h(,$ ,(sc%e "(%%i$) stri$)s- hy&r(%ics "(shi$) %i/(i&

or e%ectricity se$&i$) i,"(%ses to ,otors!

,1The Card9ard R99tic Cutting .achine #a7e

St(&e$ts re )i6e$ fr ,ore cr&+or& th$ they $ee& to +(i%& $ c(tti$) ,chi$e

,es(ri$) 2? i$ches! The +(%8 of this cr&+or& ,(st +e (se& to "ro6i&e st+i%ity for

the cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e +se! The t"e c$ +e (se& to "iece to)ether the

r$&o, sie& cr&+or& "ieces! Bi$&er c%i"s- c%othes "i$s $& cot h$)ers c$ )i6e the

+se for, $& ei)ht! They c$ %so sec(re the +se to t+%e or other o+#ect if tht is

%%oe&! A$y %eft o6er s(""%ies sho(%& +e (se& to ei)h &o$ the cr&+or& ro+otic

c(tti$) ,chi$e +se! Mo($t the c(tti$) ,chi$e fr to o$e si&e %e$i$) o6er the +se!

11


32/53

,2 The Card9ard R99tic Cutting .achine &i.7

The s(""%ies "ro6i&e& ,8e it esy to crete cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e 2?

i$ches %o$)! The "ro+%e, %ies i$ the stre$)th of the c(tti$) ,chi$e!

A si$)%e str$& of cr&+or& i%% %i8e%y fo%& $& co%%"se if ,&e to "ic8 so,ethi$) ("!

The 11 i$ch %e$)ths of cr&+or& c$ +e fo%&e& i$ h%f $& (se& for the cr&+or& ro+otic

c(tti$) ,chi$e %i,+s! 9i6e the, &&e& stre$)th +y rei$forci$) the, ith the "o"sic%e

stic8s $& "e$ci%s! Yo( c$ %so (se +e$t cot h$)er!

, The Card9ard R99tic Cutting .achine J9int7

The cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e #oi$ts ,(st +e stro$) yet f%e7i+%e! The s,%% ire

$i%s c$ +e &ri6e$ thro()h the e%+o #oi$t $& +e$t o$ the other e$&!

This i%% %%o the cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e to ,o6e (" $& &o$ hi%e

ho%&i$) it to)ether! A$other o"tio$ is to "ierce the #oi$t %% the y thro()h ith "e$ci%

$& (se it s the e%+o #oi$t! The c%othes "i$s $& +i$&er c%i"s or8 e%% for the fi$)ers!

Attch the, to the e$& of the cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e!

, The Card9ard R99tic Cutting .achine Mu7cle7

The cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e $ee&s "oer to "erfor, its ts8 of "ic8i$) (" $

o+#ect! This c$ +e "ro6i&e& i$ three ys tht re &ictte& +y the r(%es of the "rtic(%r

e7"eri,e$t!

They reG

• h(,$ "oer

• hy&r(%ic "oer

1;


33/53

,,1 Hu.an P9@er

This is the si,"%est y to co$tro% cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e! A series of stri$)s ,(st +e set (" ithi$ the cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e to ,8e it or8! Use

the ti$e or fishi$) %i$e to ,i,ic ,(sc%es! They ,(st +e r""e& ro($& the #oi$ts i$

y tht the o"ertor c$ "(%% the, $& ,8e the cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$) ,chi$e

,o6e! H6e &iffere$t stri$)s "erfor, &iffere$t f($ctio$s! This is ht the h(,$ +o&y

&oes! Differe$t ,(sc%es co$tro% &iffere$t ,o6e,e$ts! H6e o$e stri$) ,o6e the c(tti$)

,chi$e forr& $& +c8! H6e $other stri$) +e$& the e%+o! H6e thir& stri$)

re%ese the fi$)ers! It ,y t8e so,e "rctice to o"erte- +(t the cr&+or& ro+otic c(tti$)

,chi$e sho(%& f($ctio$ si,i%r to h(,$ c(tti$) ,chi$e!

,,2 Hydraulic P9@er

:or hy&r(%ic "oer- series of ter fi%%e& t(+es re str($) %o$) the cr&+or& ro+otic

c(tti$) ,chi$e! Wter is force& thro()h the t(+es ith syri$)es! The ter c$ +e

ch$$e%e& to &iffere$t t(+es "erfor,i$) &iffere$t f($ctio$s #(st %i8e the h(,$ "oere&

,o&e%! Hoe6er- si$ce the t(+es re i$terco$$ecte&- %% these f($ctio$s re "erfor,e& t

o$ce! This re/(ires )ret &e% of e7"eri,e$ttio$ $& ti$8eri$) to )et the ,o6e,e$t

ri)ht!

1


34/53

6, O=erati9n

Hy&r(%ic cy%i$&ers )et their "oer fro, "ress(rie& hy&r(%ic f%(i& -hich is ter i$

o(r cse! The hy&r(%ic cy%i$&er co$sists of cy%i$&er +rre%- i$ hich "isto$

co$$ecte& to "isto$ ro& ,o6es +c8 $& forth! The +rre% is c%ose& o$ ech e$& +y the

cy%i$&er +otto, %so c%%e& the c" e$& $& +y the cy%i$&er he& here the "isto$ ro&

co,es o(t of the cy%i$&er! The "isto$ hs s%i&i$) ri$)s $& se%s! The "isto$ &i6i&es the

i$si&e of the cy%i$&er i$ to ch,+ers- the +otto, ch,+er c" e$& $& the "isto$ ro&

si&e ch,+er ro& e$&! The hy&r(%ic "ress(re cts o$ the "isto$ to &o %i$er or8 $&

,otio$!

Whe$ e ""%y "ress(re fro, othe o(tsi&e- the "isto$ "(shes the ter i$ the "i"e%i$es

$& fro, there to the other "isto$ $& cy%i$&er rr$)e,e$t hich is syri$)e i$ o(r cse!

The "isto$ ,o6es i$ste& &o$r&s if oi% is "(,"e& i$to the "isto$ ro& si&e ch,+er!

No the other si&e of the "isto$ is ttche& to so,e r, or shft of $y r, of the too%

hich $ee& ,otio$! Th(s e )et ,otio$ fro, the hy&r(%ic "oer $& this ,otio$ c$ +e

esi%y co$6erte& i$ &iffere$t &irectio$ for &oi$) &iffere$t o"ertio$s (si$) &iffere$t

,ech$is,!

If e t%8 +o(t so,e re% ti,e hy&r(%ic syste,s the$- The "isto$ is short- cy%i$&ric%

,et% co,"o$e$t tht se"rtes the to "rts of the cy%i$&er +rre% i$ter$%%y! The "isto$is (s(%%y ,chi$e& ith )roo6es to fit e%sto,eric or ,et% se%s! These se%s re ofte$

.4ri$)s- U4c("s or cst iro$ ri$)s! They "re6e$t the "ress(rie& hy&r(%ic oi% fro,

"ssi$) +y the "isto$ to the ch,+er o$ the o""osite si&e! This &iffere$ce i$ "ress(re

+etee$ the to si&es of the "isto$ c(ses the cy%i$&er to e7te$& $& retrct! =isto$ se%s

6ry i$ &esi)$ $& ,teri% ccor&i$) to the "ress(re $& te,"ert(re re/(ire,e$ts tht

the cy%i$&er i%% see i$ ser6ice! 9e$er%%y s"e8i$)- e%sto,eric se%s ,&e fro, $itrite

r(++er or other ,teri%s re +est i$ %oer te,"ert(re e$6iro$,e$ts- hi%e se%s ,&e of

Vito$ re +etter for hi)her te,"ert(res! The +est se%s for hi)h te,"ert(re re cst iro$

"isto$ ri$)s!

The "isto$ ro& is ty"ic%%y hr& chro,e4"%te& "iece of co%&4ro%%e& stee% hich ttches

to the "isto$ $& e7te$&s fro, the cy%i$&er thro()h the ro&4e$& he&! I$ &o(+%e ro&4e$&

cy%i$&ers- the ct(tor hs ro& e7te$&i$) fro, +oth si&es of the "isto$ $& o(t +oth e$&s

13


35/53

of the +rre%! The "isto$ ro& co$$ects the hy&r(%ic ct(tor to the ,chi$e co,"o$e$t

&oi$) the or8! This co$$ectio$ c$ +e i$ the for, of ,chi$e thre& or ,o($ti$)

ttch,e$t- s(ch s ro&4c%e6is or ro&4eye! These ,o($ti$) ttch,e$t sc$ +e thre&e&

or e%&e& to the "isto$ ro& or- i$ so,e cses- they re ,chi$e& "rt of the ro&4e$&!

The cy%i$&er he& is fitte& ith se%s to "re6e$t the "ress(rie& oi% fro, %e8i$) "st the

i$terfce +etee$ the ro& $& the he&! This re is c%%e& the ro& )%$&! It ofte$ hs

$other se% c%%e& ro& i"er hich "re6e$ts co$t,i$$ts fro, e$teri$) the cy%i$&er

he$ the e7te$&e& ro& retrcts +c8 i$to the cy%i$&er! The ro& )%$& %so hs ro& er

ri$)! This er ri$) cts s %i$er +eri$) to s(""ort the ei)ht of the "isto$ ro& $&

)(i&es it s it "sses +c8 $& forth thro()h the ro& )%$&! I$ so,e cses- es"eci%%y i$

s,%% hy&r(%ic cy%i$&ers- the ro& )%$& $& the ro& er ri$) re ,&e fro, si$)%e

i$te)r% ,chi$e& "rt!

15


36/53

6,1 !ingle acting :7, d9ule acting Cylinder7-

Si$)%e cti$) cy%i$&ers re eco$o,ic% $& the si,"%est &esi)$! Hy&r(%ic f%(i& e$ters

thro()h "ort to$e e$& of the cy%i$&er- hich the$ ,o6es the "isto$ to e7te$& the ro&!

A$ e7ter$% force ret(r$s the "isto$ to its $or,% "ositio$ $& forces the hy&r(%ic f%(i&

+c8 thro()h the s(""%y t(+i$) to the f%(i& reser6oir

Do(+%e cti$) cy%i$&ers h6e "ort t ech e$&- s(""%ie& ith hy&r(%ic f%(i& for +oth the

retrctio$ $& e7te$sio$ of the "isto$! They re (se& here $ e7ter$% force is $ot

6i%+%e to retrct the "isto$ or here hi)h force is re/(ire& i$ +oth &irectio$s of

tr6e% !A$ hy&r(%ic cy%i$&er sho(%& +e (se& for "(shi$) $& "(%%i$) o$%y! No +e$&i$)

,o,e$ts or si&e %o&s sho(%& +e tr$s,itte& to the "isto$ ro& or the cy%i$&er to "re6e$t

r"i& fi%(re of the ro& se%s! :or this reso$ - the i&e% co$$ectio$ of $ hy&r(%ic

cy%i$&er is si$)%e c%e6is ith s"heric% +%% +eri$)! This %%os the hy&r(%ic ct(tor

to ,o6e $& %%o for $y ,is%i)$,e$t +etee$ the ct(tor $& the %o& it is "(shi$)

!I$ o(r "ro#ect e h6e (se& Syri$)es or8i$) s hy&r(%ic cy%i$&ers

1@


37/53

6,2 '&"$% &$NE! AN% '$TT$N*!

The co$tro% $& ""%ictio$ of f%(i& "oer o(%& +e i,"ossi+%e itho(t s(it+%e ,e$sof tr$sferri$) the f%(i& +etee$ the reser6oir- the "oer so(rce- $& the "oi$ts of

""%ictio$! :%(i& %i$es re (se& to tr$sfer the f%(i&- $& fitti$)s re (se& to co$$ect the

%i$es to the "oer so(rce $& the "oi$ts of ""%ictio$!

6, T+PE! O' &$NE!

Three ty"es of %i$es is (se& i$ this syste, re "i"e ri)i&- t(+i$) se,i ri)i& $&

hosef%e7i+%e!There re $(,+er of fctors re co$si&ere& hi%e se%ecti$) the %i$e for

"rtic(%r syste,! These fctors i$c%(&e the ty"e of f%(i& re/(ire& syste, "ress(re $& the

%octio$ of the syste, !:or e7,"%e- he6y "i"e ,i)ht +e (se& for %r)e sttio$ry f%(i&

"oer syste,- +(t co,"rti6e%y %i)ht ei)ht t(+i$) ,(st +e (se& i$ ircrft $& ,issi%e

syste,s +ec(se ei)ht $& s"ce re critic% fctors! :%e7i+%e hose is re/(ire& i$

i$st%%tio$s here ($its ,(st +e free to ,o6e re%ti6e to ech other!

1?


38/53

6, P$PE! AN% T"#$N*

There re three i,"ort$t &i,e$sio$s of $y t(+(%r "ro&(ct

o(tsi&e &i,eter .D- i$si&e &i,eterID- $& %% thic8$ess! Sies of "i"e re %iste&

+y the $o,i$% or ""ro7i,te ID $& the %% thic8$ess! Sies of t(+i$) re %iste& +y

the ct(% .D $& the %% thic8$ess!

1>


39/53

3, !E&ECT$ON O' P$PE! AN% T"#$N*

The ,teri%- ID- $& %% thic8$ess re the three "ri,ry co$si&ertio$s i$ the se%ectio$

of %i$es for "rtic(%r f%(i& "oer syste,! The ID of %i$e is i,"ort$t- si$ce it

&eter,i$es ho ,(ch f%(i& c$ "ss thro()h the %i$e i$ )i6e$ ti,e "erio& rte of

f%oitho(t %oss of "oer &(e to e7cessi6e frictio$ $& het! The 6e%ocity of )i6e$

f%o is %ess thro()h %r)e o"e$i$) th$ thro()h s,%% o"e$i$)! If the ID of the %i$e is

too s,%% for the ,o($t of f%o- e7cessi6e t(r+(%e$ce $& frictio$ het c(se

($$ecessry "oer %oss $& o6erhete& f%(i&!

;0


40/53

%i


41/53

4, APP&$CAT$ON!-

• I$ f(t(re this 8i$& of ,chi$e c$ +e co,"(terie& (si$) CNC hich c$ ,8e it

+etter

• It c$ +e (se& for ,chi$i$) "(r"oses of &iffere$t ,teri%s!

• Vrio(s ,chi$i$) too%s c$ +e ttche& to the ,otor t the e$& of the r, hich

c$ "erfor, 6rio(s o"ertio$s

• We c$ s6e 6ery %r)e ,o($t of e$er)y (si$) hy&r(%ic "oer!

•

It c$ +e (se& for 6rio(s ,chi$i$) i$&(stries for 6rio(s "(r"oses!

;1


42/53

T"NNE& MA/$N*

;;


43/53

5, Ad:antage7-

• It )i6es ,ore "oer th$ "$e(,tic syste,s!

• Re%i+%e $& esy to o"erte!

• No &&itio$% co,"o$e$ts re/(ire& for tr$s,issio$ of e$er)y!

• It c$ %so +e r($ o$ so%r e$er)y (si$) so%r "$e%!

• It is "ort+%e so- e c$ (se it for co,"%e7 "%ces!

• Less %oss of e$er)y &(e to ,ech$ic% frictio$!

• Eco frie$&%y $& co,"%ete%y "o%%(tio$ free!

• We c$ %so ,8e it f(%%y (to,tic +y (si$) CNC!

• It c$ s6e ,$y Li6es s e c$ (se it for or8i$) i$ co,"%e7 "%ces!

;


44/53

10, Precauti9n7-

• Chec8 the f%(i& %i$es for $y 8i$& of %e8)e +efore (se!

• Do $ot %et the ir e$ter i$ the syri$)e hi%e fi%%i$) (" the %i$es!

• A%% the r,s sho(%& +e "ro"er%y %i)$e&!

• :o%%o $or,% %+ortory r(%es

• Ber "ro"er "ro$ $& )o))%es hi%e &oi$) the c(tti$) ctio$ of oo&e$ +or&s

• Wires of the ,otor sho(%& +e "ro"er%y ttche& to the +ttery!

;3


45/53

&$M$TAT$ON O' M+ PROJECT

The first %i,ittio$ is re)r&i$) the ty"e of f%(i& +ei$) (se&- hich is the ter! Its

6iscosity is %o! Therefore it c$$ot offer )oo& se% t the "isto$s ter c$$ot

ithst$& hi)h "ress(re- he$ hi)h "ress(re is ""%ie&- it %e8s o(t of the "isto$!

The syri$)es hich re +ei$) (se& here re $ot +%e to "ro6i&e ti)ht se% +etee$ the

f%(i& $& "isto$!

The si&eys $)%e of co6er)e is %i,ite& to ""ro7i,te%y 2@0 &e)ree!

;5


46/53

11, CONC&"!$ON-

.(r &esi)$ (ses e7tre,e%y si,"%e i&es $& ,ech$is,s to chie6e co,"%e7 set of

ctio$s $& is i$te$&e& to i,itte the ctio$s of the o"ertors! Hoe6er- these hy&r(%ic

r,s re e7"e$si6e for s,%% sc%e i$&(stries! If the ,#or "ro+%e, of hi)h i$iti% cost is

&&resse&- ro+otic hy&r(%ic r, c$ +e i$tro&(ce& i$ $y i$&(stry to +ri$) i$

(to,tio$! The ,ech$ic% %i$8s $& "rts tht h6e +ee$ f+ricte& re e7tre,e%y

si,"%e! Th(s e h6e s(ccessf(%%y co,"%ete& o(r "ro#ect for the s(+,issio$ s fi$%

yer "ro#ect of B!Tech Mech$ic% Br$ch!

;@


47/53

RE'ERENCE!

2! R!S! Kh(r,i $& J!K!9("t- Ki$e,tics of Mchi$e- E(rsi =(+%ishi$) Ho(se "6t!

1! Stre$)th of Mteri% +yG Dr! S&h( Si$)h- D$"t =(+%ictio$s De%hi ;! R!S! Kh(r,i

$& J!K! 9("t - Mchi$e Desi)$- E(rsi =(+%ishi$) Ho(se "6t! Lt&

3! The Wor%& Boo8 E$cy%o"e&i 6o%! II- USA- Wor%& Boo8 I$c!- 2>>1

5! =S9 Desi)$ Dt- Coi,+tore- =S9 Co%%e)e of Tech!- 1000!

@! htt"Ge$!i8i"e&i!or)i8iChi$O&ri6e

?! htt"Ge$!i8i"e&i!or)i8is"ro8et!>! htt"Ge$!i8i"e&i!or)i8iI,)eG:reehee%!#")

20! htt"Ge$!i8i"e&i!or)i8ifreehee%

;?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sprokethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Freewheel.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/freewheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sprokethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Freewheel.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/freewheel


48/53


49/53

PIC -1, Top view

;IC


50/53

=IC4;


51/53

The cutter


52/53


53/53

#a7ic Hydraulic )9rBing

final year project me-hydraulic cutting machine.doc

Documents