By

Jawad Ur Rasool

Fazal ur Rehman

M.Nasir Yousaf

Project Supervisor:

Engr . Hamayun Aziz Khan

Agenda

To make a small prototype of Water Supply System that can be

implemented in the real industry with a few modifications , to

automate the old traditional water supply system in Pakistan

so that there would be minimum human involvement and

maximum automation.

Introduction

Equipment

Hardware

Software

Scope of the project

Fundamentals of the project

Physical layout of the project

Equipment used in project (Field Instruments)

Hardware implemented

Elements of hardware essential for water supply

system

Software implemented

Elements of Software essential for water supply

system (SCADA and programming)

Scope of the project..

Introduction

The aim of this project is to design a PLC Based Water

Supplying System that monitors the water distribution among

the different areas of a locality; through a centralized remote

Location. “Scada and PLC based water supply system”

consists of two parts; one is control and Second is monitoring

part. The major part of control will be performed by a controller

in our case it is PLC and Updates particular outputs (related to

inputs) to perform the desired operation which can be switching

of motors, switching alarms, maintaining water levels e.t.c. The

Monitoring part will be performed by Indu Soft (SCADA)

software.

Flow Diagram

Distribution Unit

Sector 1Sector2Output

Input

SCADA

Main Water

Stream

Underground

Tank

PLC

Overhead Tank

Physical Appearance

Objectives

We aimed to build the prototype of such control automation that will meet the requirements of modern water supply system. PLC will be introduced to give perfect automation. The main reasons of selecting this project is to have monitoring plus control the every stage of water supply system from a centralized location and also to minimize the number of labor cost required for troubleshooting and service by giving it automatic control.

Future Scope of project

The current water supply systems in Pakistan are old and traditional systems in which there is more labor cost, wastage of water and these are un-reliable systems, but SCADA & PLC based water supply system will take over these issues in such a way that it saves time and money by eliminating the need for service personals to visit each site for inspection, data collection or adjustment, it provides real time monitoring and troubleshooting, automatic report generation, immediate knowledge of system performance. This is a pure industrial project and its scope is huge mainly in water supplying departments, water purification plants, boilers and in every field where we have to supply water or any other liquid (off course with some modifications). For example in Pakistan this system can be very useful for WASA (Water and Sanitation Agency), DWM (Department of Water Management) NWFP & CDA etc.

Equipment

A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or light fixtures, water supplying systems and many more such industrial processes. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact.

PLC

Tri Supper PLC

Specifications of TM 100 PLC are :

24 points 24VDC digital input.

24 points digital output

1 built-in RS-232 or USB port.

Sink (NPN) or Source (PNP) type transistor I/O

100~240VAC, 24 VDC or 12 VDC power supply

8 Analog I/O

Figures given below shows PLC we used

Field Instruments

Instruments are the equipment (sensors , motors , pumps etc) installed in

the field near the system that send data (input) to the PLC and PLC act

according to this received data. Field instruments gather all the

information of the system and send this to PLC in the form of either

Analogue or Digital inputs. These field instruments could be sensors,

motors, pumps etc. In our project the field instruments are:

Level Detectors:

Level Detectors are used to sense the level of liquid (water in our case). For

this purpose different types of detectors are used that can be digital and

analogue.

ROD Sensors:

Rod sensors are used to

determine the water level in

The tank and it is also

Implemented in the project.

Water Pump

Water Pump is used to pump (supply) the water from one location to

another location.

In our project we had to supply water from ground tank to overhead

tank and for this purpose we used two water pumps locally called as

“wiper motor” used in automobiles. These two water pumps are

connected parallel but having the single physical output to increase the

pressure of water so that it may reach to overhead tank. The electrical

specifications of this water pump is

Voltage Watt Flow Rate

220/240 V 30 w 2100 lit/hr

Solenoid Valve

A solenoid valve is an electromechanical valve for use with liquid or gas. The

valve is controlled by an electric current through a solenoid in the case of a two-

port valve the flow is switched on or off. A solenoid valve has two main parts: the

solenoid and the valve. The solenoid converts electrical energy into mechanical

energy which, in turn, opens or closes the valve mechanically.

Working of a Solenoid Valve:

The media controlled by the valve, intake valve through the opening (part 2 in

the picture above). The media should at the start (9), solenoids valve before

continuing to flow into the outlet (3). The diaphragm is opened and closed by the

plunger (7).solenoid hydraulic valve.

The valve shown above a valve normally closed. NC valves use a spring (8),Air

treatment units push the end of the piston at the beginning of the exposure.

The sealant on top of the piston to hold the media to the opening created by the

plunger of an

electromagnetic field of the coil increases.

Solenoid Valves

We used two Solenoid Valves shown below to supply water from

overhead tank to two different locations.

Specifications of Solenoid Valves:

Voltage (A.C) Orifice Pipe Size Pressure

(Max.)

Temperature

220V/110V 16 mm 1/2" 10 kg/cm² -5 ºC----85 ºC

Hardware

Hardware Implementation

Relay PanelAll the inputs from the sensors go to the sensor relay panel. From here

these sensor signals trip the corresponding relays to provide input (24V

D.C) to PLC.

Solenoid Valves with pipes fitting

Solenoid Valves have already been explained in detail, below is the figure of our real solenoid valves.

Hardware Implementation

LED Water Level Indicator

The LED water level indicators for ground tank and overhead

tank gets the output voltage supply (3V D.C) from PLC

outputs.

Control Panel

A manual control panel has been introduced to control the system manually

Emergency Stop Button: This button has been

introduced to protect the whole system and

human lives in case of emergency. So that our

whole system would be shut down with a single

button.

Auto / Manual Switch: This knob is used to make

our system fully automatic or manual when

require.

Three Buttons: To ON / OFF solenoid vales

these switches are used.

One Toggle Switch To ON / OFF the water pumps

LED Indicator: To show the water levels in the

tanks LED water level indicator have been

introduced.

Water Tanks

Ground Tank

A plastic bucket has been used for the ground tank . This ground

tank consist of Rod water level sensor to measure levels , 220

v AC submersible water pump is used for water pumping . This

ground tank stores the water and also supply to overhead tank

when needs.

Overhead Tank

Similar but small plastic bucket has been used as

overhead tank as shown in the figure below.

This overhead tank consist of rod water level

sensor to measure levels of water.

Final Software Implementation

Ladder Logic Language

The programming language of PLC is Ladder Logic Language. It is

symbolic language in which we use different ladders of symbols to

represent input, output, timers, counters etc.

Inputs and outputs

In ladder logic inputs are called contacts and outputs are called coils.

With just the Normally Open Contact and Normally Open Coil - a

surprising array of basic logical conditions can be represented.

Normally Open Contact

Normally Open Coil

Normally Closed Contact

Normally Closed Coil

Input Configuration of PLC

Before mentioning the Ladder Logic Programming of our project

it is necessary to know about the I/O configuration. The I/O s

have been allocated in the following sequence:

Inputs

X0 = Upper tank’s low level sensor

X1 = Upper tank’s high level sensor

X2 = Auto manual switch

X3 = Lower tank’s upper level

X4 = Lower tank’s lower level

X5 = Emergency stop

X6 = Manual pump start

Automatic distribution

Output Configuration of PLC

Outputs• Y1 = Red indicator upper tank•Y2 = Green indicator upper tank•Y3 = Yellow indicator upper tank•Y4 = Red indicator lower tank• Y5 = Green indicator lower tank•Y6 = Yellow indicator lower tank•Y6 = Beep•Y8= Main valve•Y9 = Valve 1•Y10=valve 2•Y11= Pump•Y12=Buzzer

Ladder Logic

SCADA Implementation Acronym for Supervisory Control And Data

Acquisition, a computer system for gathering and

analyzing real time data. SCADA systems are

used to monitor and control a plant or equipment

in industries such as telecommunications, water

and waste control, energy, oil and gas refining and

transportation. In our project SCADA performs vital

role to monitor and control the system.

SCADA Components

A SCADA system usually consists of the following subsystems:•A human–machine interface or HMI is the apparatus whichpresents process data to a human operator, andthrough this, the human operator monitors and controls theprocess.•A supervisory (computer) system, gathering (acquiring) data onthe process and sending commands (control) to the process.•Remote terminal units (RTUs) connecting to sensors in theprocess, converting sensor signals to digital data and sendingdigital data to the supervisory system.•Master Terminal Unit (MTU)•Programmable logic controller (PLCs) used as field devicesbecause they are more economical, versatile, flexible, andconfigurable than special-purpose RTUs.•Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisorysystem to the remote terminal units.•Various process and analytical instrumentation

SCADA Implementation

SCADA system could be implemented through

following three layers:

In Our Project

SCADA

PLC

SENSORS

The screen shots of our SCADA

Implementation

Prepared Hardware

THANKS