“Wireless Automatic Station Identification System With

Announcement ”

UNDER THE GUIDENCE

Mrs. S.B GAIKWAD

Co-Guides:Mr. M.B.LimkarMrs.A.L.Khade

Girish Gujar. TU1S0809007Mahendra Bangar. TU1F0607062Sushil Meher TU1F0607032

Group Member

The focus of this project is to develop a microcontroller based methodology to assist decision-makers in identifying and ranking bus stops in high auto-pedestrian collision concentration areas. An enhanced bus identification system is one possible solution to address the growing congestion problems in urban areas.

Project Objective

Overview of project

RF Technology Microcontroller

Wireless Automatic Station Identification System with

Announcement

Radio Frequency Technology

Radio Frequency (RF) in the range of 3 Hz and 30 GHz. RF communications are typically support 1200 to 9600 baud. Recently developed modulation schemes and spread spectrum technologies are achieving up to 19,200 baud.

Why This System Is Superior Than Others?

A B C D

E

This project is divided into two main Section:

1. RF TRANSMITTER

2. RF RECEIVER

HARDWARE

Power Supply Unit

Transmitter Section

Reciever Section

Microcontroller Voice Ic &Lcd

A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function.

For example a 5V regulated supply:

Power Supply Unit

Transformer

The low voltage AC output is suitable for lamps, heaters and special AC motors.

It is not suitable for electronic circuits unless they include a rectifier and a smoothing capacitor.

Transformer + Rectifier

Here the A.C. signal coming from the transformer is rectified & converted into the pulsating D.C. this is further fed to the filter circuit.

Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing

The smooth DC output has a small ripple. It is suitable for most electronic circuits

Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing + Regulator

The regulator is used to give constant output whatever is its input voltage.

The input to this unit is 15 V D.C & its output voltage is constant to 5 V. & 12

V.

since we are using two different types of regulators 7805 & 7812.

RF TransmitterRF

Block Diagram of Transmitter Module

Encoder

0

1

1

0

HT12E 0110

RF Transmitter

Circuit Diagram of Transmitter Module

+5V

RF Receiver

Block Diagram of Receiver Module

Decoder

0110

HT12D

0

1

1

0

Circuit Diagram of Receiver Module

RF Receiver

Microcontroller

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer .

4K bytes of Flash

128 bytes of RAM

32 I/O lines

Two 16 bit timer/counter

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology.

Microcontroller

LCD’s are passive display having low power consumption and contrast ratio.

LCD display used here is having 16x2 size. It means 2 lines each with 16 character.

It has Inbuilt IC :-HD44780Character is display by 5x7 dot pixels

LCD

C1 C2

R1

R2

C16

5x7 Dot pixels

One character space

LCD Interfacing

ER/WRS

D7–D0

Microcontroller

8

LCD Module

Pinout8 data pins D7:D0RS: Data or Command Register SelectR/W: Read or WriteE: Enable (Latch data)

RS – Register SelectRS = 0 Command RegisterRS = 1 Data Register

R/W = 0 Write , R/W = 1 Read

E – EnableUsed to latch the data present on the data pins.

D0 – D7Bi-directional data/command pins. Alphanumeric characters are sent in ASCII format.

P3.4P3.5P3.6

P1.7-P1.0

1. Make R/W low

2. Make RS=0 ;if data byte is command

RS=1 ;if data byte is data (ASCII value)

3. Place data byte on data register

4. Pulse E (HIGH to LOW)

5. Repeat the steps to send another data byte

Algorithm to send data to LCD:

The Keil C51 Cross Compiler is an ANSI C Compiler that is written specifically to generate fast, compact code for the 8051-microcontroller families. The C51 Compiler generates object code that matches the efficiency and speed of assembly programming.

Using a high-level language like C has many advantages over assembly language programming: Knowledge of the processor instruction set is not required. Rudimentary knowledge of the memory structure of the 8051 CPU is desirable (but not necessary)Programs get a formal structure (which is imposed by the C programming language) and can be divided into separate functions. This contributes to source code reusability as well as better overall application structure.Programming and program test time is drastically reduced.

The Keil (µVision2) 

Voice IC

This unit is the only analog IC used in whole project

It has the capability to sample & store the voice signal at 8KHz.

It is re-recordable IC . It can store voice of up to 8 min. duration .

This will be interface with microcontroller using SPI (Standard Peripheral Interface) protocol.

This unit requires +ve 3.3V DC for it’s proper operation.

Project Application

Can be used in bus for the identification of coming stoppage.

Can be use as a Bus route indicator

Can be used by big organizations to locate their private vehicles.

Advantage

This system will be useful for effective time utilization of passenger.

Increase passenger satisfaction.

Higher efficiency of bus operation & passenger oriented transportation system.

Fully Automatic .

Disadvantage

• Installation of RF transmitter required at all stops.

• Installation of RF receiver required in all buses.

Project Features No radio frequency interference (RFI) to the existing terrestrial

wireless systems. We have used 434MHz frequency band for the data transmission, which is specially allotted for experimental purpose.

Digital transmissions make more efficient use of spectrum and have better threshold margins.

Digital modulations are more robust, are error free, and predictable under most conditions.

Signal transmission at a rate of 1200 bps.

Coverage range up to 100 feets.

Conclusion

We have given a brief introduction of our project “Microcontroller Based Wireless Stop or Station Identification in Bus”. Hope we have enlighten a lot on its technical and functional description .Our aim towards is to provide a simple, cost–effective, and moreover future expandable system, to provide a reliable facility for common people in term of navigation.

Reference

Circuit diagram and details : http://www.google.com/

LCD : http://www.freewebs.com/maheshwankhede/lcd.html

Kiel : http://www.kiel.com/dd/ and (Electronics For You ;Feb 2010)

LCD-AT89S52 interface :

http://microcontrolleravr.com/lcd-interfacing-to-microcontroller-at89s52

/

http://www.microcontroller51.blogspot.com/2010/01/alpha-numeric-lc

d-interface-with-micro.html

AT89X52.h : http://www.keil.com/dd/docs/c51/atmel/AT89X52.h

LCD.h : http://homepage.hispeed.ch/peterfleury/avr-lcd44780.html

http://mmmhilda.googlecode.com/files/LCD.h

Questions