final review

Final Review

FCS 2006–20072nd Semester Exam Schedule

DATE TIME EXAM

Tues. 5/8 7:15–9:00 A.M. College Math

Wed. 5/9 class time College English

8:00 A.M.–12:00 P.M.

AP Calculus

Thur. 5/10

8:00 A.M.–12:00 P.M.

AP English

reg day 8:30 A.M. Senior Science

10:00 A.M. Senior English

12:00 P.M. Other Senior Exams–Fine Art, Ldrship, Comp. Sci., etc.

Fri. 5/11 8:00 A.M.–12:00 P.M.

AP U.S. History

reg day 8:30 A.M. Senior Math

10:00 A.M. Senior Economics

12:00 P.M. Senior Bible

Macbeth

Be familiar with plot, characters, themes, etc.

Review Macbeth Quote tests, discussion slides (to follow)

Questions for Scene 3

How does Banquo feel about the witches’ predictions?

How does Macbeth feel?

Questions for Scene 4

Who is the topic of conversation at the start of scene 4?

How might Duncan’s words to Macbeth, as Macbeth enters, seem ironic?

How does Macbeth feel now that Malcolm has been named Prince of Cumberland?

Do we have any clues about how he will behave in the future?

BritBritLIT

Let’s play “Scattergories”

Make a list of synonyms for these words: (see how many you can get)

thin woman man

What are the differences in meaning between the words? (ie thin & skinny?)

Which are the more powerful words in each list? Why?

thin woman manskinny

light

small

Denotation/Connotation

denotation: the literal, “dictionary” definition

connotation: a secondary meaning

•A word’s power is determined in part by the associations one brings to the word.

•Examples?

So foul and fair a day I have not seen

cloudy and clear nasty and beautiful rotten and just ugly and adequate

Make a list of synonyms for “foul” and “fair”

•The denotations and connotations of a word can impact the understanding of a sentence.

This sentence has a paradoxical nature. Can you think of any other contradictions

like this one in scene 3? The witches seem to be women, but they

have beards (line 47-49) “Lesser than Macbeth and greater” (line 68 “Not so happy, yet much happier” (line 69)

Keep an eye out for paradoxes as they will appear throughout the play.

So foul and fair a day I have not seen

“He was a gentleman on whom I built an absolute trust.”

Stressing Stressstress: the relative force with which a sound or syllable is spoken.

Read the sentence, stressing the word “he”“was”“gentleman”“I”“absolute”“trust”

How does stress change the meaning of the sentence?

“Is execution done on Cawdor?”

InflectionInflection: a change in pitch or tone of the voice.

Read the sentence, rising the voice (implying a question)

Read again, lowering the voice (implying a statement)

How does inflection change the meaning of the sentence?

Have ‘Duncan’ walk slowly toward the seated Malcolm, cross his arms, and stare at him without saying a word.

Nonverbal Communication

Have ‘Malcolm’ sit in the front of the room.

This is nonverbal communication. What meaning was implied?

Repeat the scenario, with Duncan finally saying,

“Is execution done on Cawdor?”

How does the meaning change?

In your W.N.,

Write three sentences often said to you by someone close to you: a parent, a brother or sister, a friend.

Indicate the typical inflection and meaning for each; then vary the inflection and tell how this changes the meaning.

Let’s watch the Soliloquy:

(close your books)

Arrange seats in a circle and open up to 1.7.1-28

Read, in turn (clockwise), stopping at any long pauses (colons, semicolons) or hard stops (periods, exclamations, question marks).

READ

“If it Were Done When ‘Tis Done”

When does Macbeth think he should commit the murder?

What reasons does he give against murdering Duncan?

Which reasons are the strongest?


Read, again, but this time in two choruses. Half the class will read first, stopping at any long pauses (colons, semicolons) or hard stops (periods, exclamations, question marks), then the other half reads, etc.

Increase your volume as you read, so that by the time the reading has been finished it sounds as if the two groups are yelling angrily at one another.

READ


What conflicting feelings does Macbeth have as he contemplates the murder of Duncan?


Finish reading Scene 7, and see how Lady Macbeth impacts Macbeth’s conflict of action.

The Seduction Scene

You Need your Textbook Today

Get out your Act 1 Word Journal Conclusion to be graded.

After the test, begin reading Act 2, working on your Act 2 Word Journal.

“Look Like th’

Innocent Flower,

But Be the

Serpent Under ‘t”

Subtext: the thought we imagine a character has as he speaks

Subtext“You’ve made me very happy, dear.”

Subtext:

•“You just promoted me to a better job.”•“You just told me I won the lottery.”•You just wrecked my new car.”•“I don’t care about anyone else; you are my hero.”

Subtext“Oh, no you won’t.”

Create some possible subtexts

• a father. •“you step over that line, and you die”

• a spy. •“I’ll foil your evil plans, Dr. Evil”

• a boyfriend/girlfriend. •“You won’t really hit me”

ShakespeareanSubtext

Young Siward: “What is thy name?”Macbeth: “Thou’lt be afraid to hear it.”

Young Siward: This is boring. I wish I were somewhere else.Macbeth: I’m going to scare the wits out of this little nerd.

Young Siward: I’m scared to death of this monster.Macbeth: I’m going to rip this guy apart.

Young Siward: I hate this killer.Macbeth: What’s the use of fighting any longer?

ShakespeareanSubtext

•Read 1.5 – 1.6•Pick five sentences and write a subtext for each.

Subtext in 1.5-1.6Summary of 1.5.

Lady Macbeth reads a letter from her husband telling about his promotion and saying that King Duncan will be visiting in their castle tonight. She greets him with plans to kill Duncan.

Let’s read. Any subtext?

BritLit 2/26If you were absent Thursday/Friday, get a

“Subtext Lesson” from the lecturn.Get out your Act 1 Word Journal to be

graded.Then take a look at Act 1 Scene 6:

Summary - Lady Macbeth welcomes Duncan to Inverness

Finish reading it if you haven’t already. Any key lines? Subtext?

Let’s watch the Soliloquy:

(close your books)

Arrange seats in a circle and open up to 1.7.1-28

Read, in turn (clockwise), stopping at any long pauses (colons, semicolons) or hard stops (periods, exclamations, question marks).

READ


When does Macbeth think he should commit the murder?

What reasons does he give against murdering Duncan?

Which reasons are the strongest?


Read, again, but this time in two choruses. Half the class will read first, stopping at any long pauses (colons, semicolons) or hard stops (periods, exclamations, question marks), then the other half reads, etc.

Increase your volume as you read, so that by the time the reading has been finished it sounds as if the two groups are yelling angrily at one another.

READ


What conflicting feelings does Macbeth have as he contemplates the murder of Duncan?


Finish reading Scene 7, and see how Lady Macbeth impacts Macbeth’s conflict of action.

The Seduction Scene

The Russian Revolution• Be familiar with the characters in the

Russian Revolution as well as those in Animal Farm.

• Allegory, Symbolism

FINAL REVIEW

The Russian RevolutionWhat do you know about the following

‘characters’:

• Csar Nicholas II

• Karl Marx

• Vladimir Lenin

• Josef Stalin

• Leon Trotsky

Yes, this assignment is for British Literature, and yes, though it is “Russian” it will apply to British Literature… Just wait…

Communism & The Russian Revolution

George Orwell

• Read the biography on Orwell on pg. 936…

• What’s his connection to the Russian Revolution?

Czar Nicholas II – Ruler of Russia.

Russian Revolution

Karl Marx – Communist Manifesto - proletariat (the hard working lower class)

will overthrow the ruling class.

Socialism vs. Communism

Lenin takes action and puts together the Bolshevik Party – an anti-czarist movement. Communist Party revolted against the Czar claiming to bring equality

Russian Revolution of

1917

After Lenin’s Death, there was a struggle for power among the

Communist Party

Stalin & Trotsky fight for control of the Soviet Union

Stalin wants to defend his

Socialist country, and emphasize

agriculture.

Trotsky wants to focus on

industrialization and spread the

concept of communism

throughout the world

Stalin drives out Trotsky and takes control of the Soviet Union, using his powerful Secret Police and his Propaganda, “Pravda” to rule.

Work on Animal Farm Ch.1-3

• Create a Character list of the characters and a brief description to help you keep tabs on them.

Old Major Mr. Jones Snowball Napoleon SquealerBoxer Clover Benjamin Moses Mollie Frederick Pilkington Whymper

Symbolism vs. Allegory• A symbol is a word, place, character, or object that

means something beyond what it is on a literal level.• Symbolism is the act of using a word, place, character, or

object in such a way. • For instance, consider the stop sign. It is literally a metal

octagon painted red with white streaks. However, everyone on the road will be much safer if we understand that this object also represents the act of coming to a complete stop--an idea hard to encompass briefly without some sort of symbolic substitute.

• An object, a setting, or even a character in literature can represent another, more general idea. Note, however, that symbols function perfectly well in isolation from other symbols as long as the reader already knows their assigned meaning.

• Allegory, however, does not work that way; allegory requires symbols working in conjunction with each other.

Symbolism vs. Allegory

• An allegory involves using many interconnected symbols or allegorical figures in such as way that in nearly every element of the narrative has a meaning beyond the literal level, i.e., everything in the narrative is a symbol that relates to other symbols within the story.

• The allegorical story, poem, or play can be read either literally or as a symbolic statement about a political, spiritual, or psychological truth.

• The word allegory derives from the Greek allegoria ("speaking otherwise"): The term loosely describes any story in verse or prose that has a double meaning. This narrative acts as an extended metaphor in which the plot or events reveal a meaning beyond what occurs in the text, creating a moral, spiritual, or even political meaning.

Animal Farm

• George Orwell’s Animal Farm is an allegory-full of symbols.

• What “symbols” appear in Orwell’s Animal Farm?

• Help yourself out: make a list.

Czar Nicholas II – Ruler of Russia.

Russian Revolution

Karl Marx – Communist Manifesto - proletariat (the hard working lower class)

will overthrow the ruling class.

Socialism vs. Communism

Lenin takes action and puts together the Bolshevik Party – an anti-czarist movement. Communist Party revolted against the Czar claiming to bring equality

Russian Revolution of

1917

After Lenin’s Death, there was a struggle for power among the

Communist Party

Stalin & Trotsky fight for control of the Soviet Union

Stalin wants to defend his

Socialist country, and emphasize

agriculture.

Trotsky wants to focus on

industrialization and spread the

concept of communism

throughout the world

Stalin drives out Trotsky and takes control of the Soviet Union, using his powerful Secret Police and his Propaganda, “Pravda” to rule.

Other Characters

• Moses – tells animals about

SugarCandy mountain - Heaven

– animals can go there if they work hard

– Snowball and Major were against him - they though Heaven was a lie to make animals work

– Napoleon let him stay because he taught animals to work and not complain

• Religion– Marx said "Opiate of the

people" a lie used to make people not complain and do their work

– Religion was tolerated because people would work

– Stalin knew religion would stop violent revolutions

Other Characters

• Boxer – strong, hard working

horse, believes in Animal Farm

– "Napoleon is always right", "I must work harder"

– gives his all, is betrayed by Napoleon, who sells him

• Working Class - Dedicated, but tricked communist supporters – people believed

Stalin because he was "Communist"

– many stayed loyal after it was obvious Stalin a tyrant

– betrayed by Stalin who ignored and killed them

Other Characters

• Mollie – was vain - loved her

beauty and self – didn't think about the

animal farm – went with anyone

who gave her what she wanted

• Vain, selfish people in Russia and world – some people didn't

care about revolution – only though about

themselves – went to other

countries that offered more for them

Other Characters

• Benjamin – old, wise donkey who is

suspicious of revolution – thinks "nothing ever

changes", is right – his suspicions are true,

about Boxer and sign changes

• Skeptical people in Russia and outside Russia – weren't sure revolution

would change anything – realized that a crazy

leader can call himself communist

– knew that communism wouldn't work with power

– hungry leaders

Other Characters

• Foxwood Farm: Pilkington – Didn’t want anything to

do with Animal Farm

• England: Churchill– Countries concerned

with themselves – Capitalist/Democratic

Countries (Churchill/Truman)

Other Characters

• Pinchfield Farm: Frederick– Aggressive– Took advantage of

the farm

• Germany: Hitler– Sudden attacks and sign changes Alliance with Russia

Get ready for reading quizGet ready for reading quiz

PersuasionPersuasion & & PropagandaPropaganda

Get out your W.N. and consider this Get out your W.N. and consider this question:question:

How is propaganda used to How is propaganda used to control/persuade the animals control/persuade the animals

and their thinking?and their thinking?While answering this question, make your While answering this question, make your

own “Propaganda Log” making note of own “Propaganda Log” making note of examples of propaganda used in Animal examples of propaganda used in Animal

Farm. Farm.

Propaganda LogPropaganda Log Squealer acts as a propaganda tool for the pigsSquealer acts as a propaganda tool for the pigs

Page #Page # What is Said or DoneWhat is Said or Done What is Really HappeningWhat is Really Happening

52 Milk & apples are brainfood

Pigs are hogging them

69 Napoleon has lots of responsibility; respect him

Napoleon conniving, power hungry

70 Snowball wasn’t important Napoleon got rid of him (didn’t want competition for power)

71-72 Napoleon never opposed the windmill

Only opposed it because it was Snowball’s idea; not his (then he took the credit)

77 Being around people is ok; it was never really “wrong” before.

Napoleon is changing the rules to fit his agenda.

79 Pigs need a quiet place to work

Pigs are taking comfort for themselves

80 Don’t sleep in beds “WITH SHEETS”

Changing rules to benefit them.

89 Snowball is a traitor trying to betray us

Gives Napoleon someone else to blame for troubles

PersuasionPersuasion & & PropagandaPropaganda

Get out your W.N. and consider this Get out your W.N. and consider this question:question:

How is propaganda used to How is propaganda used to control/persuade the animals control/persuade the animals

and their thinking?and their thinking?

What is What is persuasionpersuasion??

An attempt to An attempt to change opinions change opinions and attitudes and attitudes

An attempt to An attempt to change your change your behaviorbehavior

EX.: lawyers, EX.: lawyers, advertisements, advertisements, parentsparents

Attempts at Attempts at PersuasionPersuasion Every time you turn on the T.V., open a Every time you turn on the T.V., open a

magazine, turn on the radio, or surf the web magazine, turn on the radio, or surf the web someone is trying to persuade you to do someone is trying to persuade you to do somethingsomething

If you are mathematically minded, count the If you are mathematically minded, count the number of advertisements in a magazine number of advertisements in a magazine sometime. (did I persuade you to do it?)sometime. (did I persuade you to do it?)

PersuasionPersuasion vs. vs. PropagandaPropaganda

Basically, they are both trying to get you Basically, they are both trying to get you to believe what they believe.to believe what they believe.

Persuasion is based mainly on a person’s Persuasion is based mainly on a person’s beliefs and they want you to feel the same beliefs and they want you to feel the same way.way.

Propaganda is based mainly on a group of Propaganda is based mainly on a group of peoples beliefs and they are trying to peoples beliefs and they are trying to spread information about their cause. ex.: spread information about their cause. ex.: advertisements, organizations, politiciansadvertisements, organizations, politicians

Persuasion and propaganda both rely Persuasion and propaganda both rely on emotional appeals.on emotional appeals.

But when emotional appeals ignore But when emotional appeals ignore logic or reason, they become a poor logic or reason, they become a poor propaganda device.propaganda device.

A good listener can examine a A good listener can examine a persuasive statement and identify persuasive statement and identify whether it is logical or not.whether it is logical or not.

PersuasionPersuasion vs. vs. PropagandaPropaganda(continued)(continued)

Persuasive/Propaganda Persuasive/Propaganda TechniquesTechniques

EuphemismEuphemism OversimplificationOversimplification BandwagonBandwagon Ad HominemAd Hominem Faulty cause-and-Faulty cause-and-

effect reasoningeffect reasoning Begging the questionBegging the question Glittering Glittering

generalitiesgeneralities Logical fallaciesLogical fallacies

Persuasive/Propaganda Persuasive/Propaganda TechniquesTechniques

Euphemism – Taylor/Keaton/Joy/CasieEuphemism – Taylor/Keaton/Joy/Casie Oversimplification - Melanie, Kristin, Jon, RachelOversimplification - Melanie, Kristin, Jon, Rachel Bandwagon – Courtney D./Micah/AustinHBandwagon – Courtney D./Micah/AustinH Ad Hominem – AustinS/Richelle/Johnny/CourtneyHAd Hominem – AustinS/Richelle/Johnny/CourtneyH Faulty cause-and-effect reasoning - Travis, Faulty cause-and-effect reasoning - Travis,

Caroline, JoelleCaroline, Joelle Begging the question - Daniel, Tawny, Devon, Begging the question - Daniel, Tawny, Devon,

HeatherHeather Glittering generalities – Glittering generalities –

Ashley/Olivia/Elijah/KelleyAshley/Olivia/Elijah/Kelley

Animal Farm 7-10 Reading Animal Farm 7-10 Reading QuizQuiz

After you stack your quiz on Mr. After you stack your quiz on Mr. Krake’s desk, Get a “Propaganda Krake’s desk, Get a “Propaganda Techniques Handout” and we will Techniques Handout” and we will discuss it after the quiz. Then do one discuss it after the quiz. Then do one of two things:of two things:

1.1. Work on Outside ReadingWork on Outside Reading

2.2. Hop on an open computer and reseach Hop on an open computer and reseach for your Propaganda Technique for your Propaganda Technique Presentation.Presentation.

Propaganda Techniques Propaganda Techniques HandoutHandout

Work on the “Propaganda Work on the “Propaganda Techniques Assignment” identifying Techniques Assignment” identifying which technique is used in the which technique is used in the given examples.given examples.

Those absent on Friday:Those absent on Friday: Take the Ch. 7-10 Reading Quiz. Take the Ch. 7-10 Reading Quiz. Get a Propaganda Techniques Handout Get a Propaganda Techniques Handout

from Mr. Krakefrom Mr. Krake

Euphemism:Euphemism: Attempt to pacify Attempt to pacify audiences to make an unpleasant audiences to make an unpleasant reality more acceptable; replacing reality more acceptable; replacing plain English with deliberately vague plain English with deliberately vague jargon to obscure, or soften the jargon to obscure, or soften the meaning. “not a food reduction but a meaning. “not a food reduction but a readjustment;” readjustment;”

Oversimplification:Oversimplification: giving a simple giving a simple solution for a complex problem. solution for a complex problem. Simplification covers the true Simplification covers the true meaning; “2 wings=2 legs, so birds meaning; “2 wings=2 legs, so birds are four-legged animals.” “Made from are four-legged animals.” “Made from recycled paper” (but only 10%).recycled paper” (but only 10%).

Bandwagon:Bandwagon: do something do something everyone else is doing; the sheep in everyone else is doing; the sheep in Animal FarmAnimal Farm chant “four legs good, chant “four legs good, two legs bad” over and over. When two legs bad” over and over. When environmentalism became a environmentalism became a household word, companies all over household word, companies all over the world suddenly became “green.”the world suddenly became “green.”

Ad HominemAd Hominem (name-calling): (name-calling): attacking the person instead of attacking the person instead of attacking his argument. For example, attacking his argument. For example, "Von Daniken's books about ancient "Von Daniken's books about ancient astronauts are worthless because he astronauts are worthless because he is a convicted forger and embezzler." is a convicted forger and embezzler." (Which is true, but that's not why (Which is true, but that's not why they're worthless.)they're worthless.)

Faulty cause-and-effect Faulty cause-and-effect reasoning:reasoning: no logical cause is given no logical cause is given or known for the effect; “Milk and or known for the effect; “Milk and apples are brainfood.” “Pigs must apples are brainfood.” “Pigs must sleep in beds.” “Brand X whitens sleep in beds.” “Brand X whitens best.”best.”

Begging the question:Begging the question: When the When the truth of a statement is assumed truth of a statement is assumed before it is proven. Often, it is before it is proven. Often, it is avoiding the issue or real issue by avoiding the issue or real issue by just stating the conclusion in a just stating the conclusion in a different way.different way.

Glittering generalities: Glittering generalities: is a is a reverse form of name-calling. Instead reverse form of name-calling. Instead of insults, it uses words that of insults, it uses words that generate strong positive emotions-generate strong positive emotions-words like "democracy," "patriotism," words like "democracy," "patriotism," "motherhood," "science," "progress," "motherhood," "science," "progress," "prosperity." Politicians love to speak "prosperity." Politicians love to speak in these terms. in these terms.

Logical fallacies: Logical fallacies: Applying logic, one Applying logic, one can usually draw a conclusion from one can usually draw a conclusion from one or more established premises. While or more established premises. While the premises may be accurate, the the premises may be accurate, the conclusion is not. For example, Premise conclusion is not. For example, Premise 1: Bill Clinton supports gun control. 1: Bill Clinton supports gun control. Premise 2: Communist regimes have Premise 2: Communist regimes have always supported gun control. always supported gun control. Conclusion: Bill Clinton is a communist. Conclusion: Bill Clinton is a communist.

Name that Name that Propaganda Propaganda

TechniqueTechnique

Game Show TimeGame Show Time

Name that Name that Propaganda Propaganda TechniqueTechnique

Glittering Glittering GeneralitiesGeneralities

EuphemismEuphemismOversimplificationOversimplificationBandwagonBandwagonAd HominemAd HominemFaulty cause-and-effect reasoningFaulty cause-and-effect reasoningBegging the questionBegging the questionGlittering generalitiesGlittering generalitiesLogical fallaciesLogical fallacies


Bandwagon Bandwagon (everyone (everyone

chews their chews their gum)gum)



Ad Ad Hominem Hominem (attacks (attacks

Best Buy)Best Buy)



Over-Over-simplificationsimplification



•Faulty Cause Faulty Cause and Effect and Effect ReasoningReasoning


Ad HominemAd Hominem


Works CitedWorks Cited

Landoll, Sally. “Evaluating a Speaker’s Landoll, Sally. “Evaluating a Speaker’s Reasoning.” Retrieved April 18Reasoning.” Retrieved April 18thth, 2006 , 2006 from from http://teachers.usd497.org/slandoll/ http://teachers.usd497.org/slandoll/ New%20Webpage/Persuasion2.ppt New%20Webpage/Persuasion2.ppt

““Retro Junk: Your Memory Machine." Retro Junk: Your Memory Machine." RetrojunkRetrojunk. Retrieved April 18. Retrieved April 18thth, 2006 , 2006 from http://www.retrojunk.com/.from http://www.retrojunk.com/.

Presentations:Presentations:

In your groups, discuss that In your groups, discuss that ‘something special’ you want to ‘something special’ you want to include in your discussion. include in your discussion. Quiz segment? Quiz segment? Propagandist of the Year awards?Propagandist of the Year awards? Dramatic recreation?Dramatic recreation? Audio clips?Audio clips? Battle of the soda pop propagandists?Battle of the soda pop propagandists?

Discussion PracticeDiscussion Practice

Get out your questions and Get out your questions and examples, and in your groups, begin examples, and in your groups, begin formulating the order of your formulating the order of your discussion. discussion.

Due Monday, a typed schedule of Due Monday, a typed schedule of your discussion.your discussion.

Propaganda Discussion Propaganda Discussion PracticePractice

Lets arrange the four front tables into Lets arrange the four front tables into one large table, and arrange the one large table, and arrange the seats around it. We’ll practice our seats around it. We’ll practice our discussions today. discussions today.

Get out your discussion questions.Get out your discussion questions. Merchants of CoolMerchants of Cool

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/cool/view/2_hi.html?wm

BritLit DiscussionBritLit Discussion Lets arrange the three front tables Lets arrange the three front tables

into one large table like yesterday, into one large table like yesterday, and arrange the seats around it. and arrange the seats around it.

We’re going to do a large-group We’re going to do a large-group discussion, so get out your examples discussion, so get out your examples and discussion questions. Hosts, get and discussion questions. Hosts, get out your definitions and examples. out your definitions and examples.

I have papers to pass back, and want I have papers to pass back, and want to have time to review for the final to have time to review for the final on Friday, so the sooner we can on Friday, so the sooner we can arrange and get things in place, the arrange and get things in place, the sooner we can proceed.sooner we can proceed.

final review

Documents

meaning change

senior math

senior english

seenthis sentence

senior economics

senior science

duncans words

powerful words