Final Review 2 1

Name ________________ Final Review 2

Section ______

Read the Scenario and then answer the questions 1-4 that follow. SCENARIO

Maggie read that some plants grow better if the soil is acidic. She can’t believe that a plant can grow when exposed to acid. Maggie decides to test if the plants she has will grow better when acid is added to the soil. She puts potting soil in two planting containers and transplants two of her geraniums that seem about the same size into the pots. She puts the pots in the same location so that they both get the same sunlight each day, are at the same temperature and she makes sure they get the same amount of water. However, Maggie puts a tablespoon of vinegar in the water she gives to one of the plants. She measures the growth of the plants every week for five weeks and records the results in a data table below:

Week Height of Plants with Vinegar (cm) Height of Plants without Vinegar (cm)

1 10 10

2 12.4 11.5

3 14.8 13

4 18 15.7

5 21.4 17.8

1. What would Maggie’s hypothesis be?

If vinegar has a positive affect on plant growth then the plants given vinegar will grow taller than those given water.

2. In which part of the scientific method would Maggie have used a graph?

Data Analysis

3. What was Maggie’s independent and dependent variable?

Independent Vinegar Dependent Height of Plant

4. Looking at Maggie’s data table what can she conclude about the

vinegar? She can conclude that vinegar had a positive outcome on plant growth when compared to water.

Final Review 2 2

Use the Periodic Table below to answer question 5 that follows 5. Fill in the chart below with the correct family name

Element Family Name

Lithium Alkali Metals

Calcium Alkaline Earth Metals Helium Noble Gases

Sodium Alkali Metals

Iodine Halogens

Barium Alkaline Earth Metals

Fluorine Halogens

Bromine Halogens

Magnesium Alkaline Earth Metals

Krypton Noble Gases

Chlorine Halogens

Zinc Transition Metals

Final Review 2 3

Use the graph below to answer questions 6-11 that follow. 6. Write a sentence describing what happens to the population as the

years pass. The population increases as the years pass.

7. According to the graph above, what will the approximate population be

in 2035? About 8.5 billion

8. According to the graph, approximately when will the population reach 9 billion?

In the year 2041 (approximately)

9. According to the graph, approximately what was the population in 1951? About 2.6 billion

10. According to the graph, approximately when was the population 4.2 billion?

In the year 1977 (approximately)

11. This graph shows: (circle one)

negative correlation positive correlation no correlation

Final Review 2 4

Use the data table below to answer questions 12-15 that follow.

Group Group Size Type of Soil

Average Plant Height Before Changing Soil Type (cm)

Average Plant Height After Changing

Soil Type (cm) 1 10 A 3.2 30.3 2 10 B 3.4 31.2 3 10 C 3.6 32.5 4 10 D 3.8 32.8

12. The data table above shows the affects of different types of soil on plants. Which plants showed the least gain in height? Group 1 – Soil Type A

13. Which plants showed the greatest gain in height? Group 4 – Soil Type D

14. What was Maggie’s independent and dependent variable?

Independent Soil Type Dependent Average Change in Height

15. Based on the data above, write a statement about the best soil to use when growing this type of plant.

Soil D showed the greatest average change in height so it appears to be the best soil to grow this type of plant in, however soil C was only 0.1 cm less than soil D so soil C would also be a good choice. Further investigation may show more clear results.

16. Find the mass of the following balances.

263.5 g

37.3 g

536.8 g

Final Review 2 5

17. Describe how to read a graduated cylinder. To read a graduated cylinder you need put it on a flat surface and bend down so that you are eye level with the meniscus (curve of liquid). Then you must observe the tick marks to decide the value of each tick.

Use the graph below to answer questions 18-20 that follow 18. When the prey population increases what happens to the predator

population as a result? The predator population will increase.

19. When the predator population increases what happens to the prey

population as a result? The prey population will decrease

20. Write a statement describing the relationship between the prey and

predator population. When the prey population increases the predator population will then increase (in the near future) as a result. When the predator population increases the prey population will then start to decrease and the predator population will decrease (in the near future).

Final Review 2 6

21. Draw a pictures of the particles in an element, mixture and compound Element Mixture Compound

22. You found a piece of jewelry that is made of a pure metal but are

unsure of its identity, what physical property can you use to identify it? Density

What 2 measurements can you get to solve for this value?

Volume Mass

23. What types of energy does a flashlight use?

Chemical Energy (batteries), Electrical Energy, Light Energy (bulb), 24. Explain each type of mixture.

Mixtures Definition

Heterogeneous A mixture that appears to be different throughout Examples – fruit salad, chocolate chip cookie,

Homogeneous A mixture that appears to be the same throughout Examples – salt water, blended smoothie,

Colloid A mixture that seems to be the same throughout. The particles will scatter light but they won’t settle.

Solution A mixture that seems to be the same throughout. The particles are small enough to allow light to pass.

Suspension A mixture that appears to be different. The particles will scatter light and eventually settle.

Final Review 2 7

25. Explain/draw the water cycle using these vocab words: Precipitation, evaporation, condensation, surface runoff.

26. Name the layers of the earth starting from the outside and working towards the center. 1. Lithosphere, asthenosphere, mantle, outer core, inner core 2. Crust, mantle, core

27. Name the three types of plate boundaries and give two landforms that typically occur at those boundaries.

1. Convergent – plates colliding with each other a. mountains b. volcanoes c. trenches

2. Divergent – when plates pull away from each other

a. rift valleys

b. mid-ocean ridges – underwater volcanoes can occur here

3. Transform – when plates slide past each other a. earthquakes

b. fault lines

The water cycle starts with evaporation. The molecules in water heat up and turn into a gas, rising into the atmosphere. The higher the molecules travel, the cooler the surrounding air becomes. The molecules start to lose energy. They slow down and begin to clump together. This is condensation. When water vapor condenses, clouds are formed. The clouds can only hold so much before rain starts to fall. This is called precipitation. As rain falls, it lands on hillsides, mountains, roofs and streets. Water will always flow downhill into streams, rivers, lakes and oceans. This process is known as surface runoff. Once the water returns to where it first began, the whole process can start over.