GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITYChandkheda, Ahmedabad Affiliated Parul Institute of Engineering & TechnologyA Project Report On"Overcome the Effect of Earthquake using shock resist structure"

Under subject ofDESIGN ENGINEERING 2AB.E. III, Semester- V(Electrical Engineering)

Submitted by: Group:Sr.No.NameEnrolment No.

12Chauhan SureshRathod Sunil140373109004140373109018

3Vaza Harsh140373109022

Prof. Vikas VermaFaculty GuideProf. Falguni BhavsarHOD, Electrical Engineering DepartmentAcademic year(2015-2016)

ContentsIntroductionGroup Introduction Description of project domainLiterature Review / Secondary ResearchDesign Considerations for detail design partDesigns for Performance, Safety and ReliabilityDesigns for Ergonomics and Aesthetics Designs for Manufacturability and Assembly (DFMA)Designs for Cost, EnvironmentDesign CalculationMeasuring Instruments/ Techniques-Knowledge and UseComparison of existing materials, methods, tools and equipment with our projectExisting toolOur toolSimulation and Analysis (Software Modelling), Mathematical ModelConclusion/ Future Scope

1. Introduction

Group IntroductionProject Guide:-Name: Prof. Vikas VermaAssistant professor, PIETE mail id: Mobile: Member: 1Name: Chauhan SureshEnrolment Number : 140373109004Member: 2Name: Rathod SunilEnrolment Number : 140373109018Member: 3Name: Vaza HarshEnrolment Number : 140373109022Description of project domain

We have to selected this topic of How to overcome effect of earthquake. It build an earthquake resistant structure by structure it on an isolating base which puts the whole structure on top of isolation base.An earthquake air a series of vibrations on the earth's surface caused by the generation of seismic waves due to sudden rupture within the earth during release of accumulated stain energy.It makes safe the human being. In Past normal and simple constructer of the building makes life of human being and others in danger, and it is very difficult and time consuming to overcome of loss of money and constructer building. Shock resist structure makes it easier to save life of human being and no loss of money also no time consuming to reconstruct the buildings.According tobuilding codes earthquake-resistant structures are intended to withstand the largest earthquake of a certain probability that is likely to occur at their location. This means the loss of life should be minimized by preventing collapse of the buildings for rare earthquakes while the loss of functionality should be limited for more frequent onesEarthquake-resistant structuresarestructuresdesigned to withstandearthquakes. While no structure can be entirely immune to damage from earthquakes, the goal ofearthquake-resistant constructionis to erect structures that fare better during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts.These shock absorbers are known as base isolation and they transfer very little force to the building from the ground if its shaking. This means that the building will experience a lot less force from the earthquake and hopefully prevent it from collapsing.In Present days earthquake is very common and periodic problem, so making shock resist structure it safely to our Protection by selecting the Project of Earthquake proof structure because of its wide applications in everywhere. Now a day it is used in mega cities.

1. Literature Review / Secondary Research

Isolation BaseIts very common to build an earthquake resistant building by building it on an isolating base which puts the whole building on top of springs. A great example of this in New Zealand is the Te Papa building in Wellington which would probably be one of the safest places to be in an earthquake.When it was being built the ground site was stabilised by dropping 30 tonne weights on the ground 50,000 times to create a hard, strong and well packed base. The building was also fitted with shock absorbers made of rubber which let the building move up to half a metre in any direction during earthquakes.These shock absorbers are known as base isolation and they transfer very little force to the building from the ground if its shaking. This means that the building will experience a lot less force from the earthquake and hopefully prevent it from collapsing.

Energy Dissipation

Another type of building technology is to use energy dissipation devices which are usually diagonal braces that absorb the energy from the shake. They work like shock absorbers on your car or your mountain bike and are commonly either viscous dampers or friction dampers.With viscous dampers, the energy is absorbed by the viscous (thick and honey like) fluid which passes through the piston/cylinder.With friction dampers, the energy is absorbed from the friction of the two surfaces rubbing against each other.The picture below shows how viscous dampers can be placed in a building. If a building is exposed to sudden jerks from an earthquake, a lot of the energy is absorbed by the viscous fluid and not transferred to the building itself. This damps the motion of the building, meaning it will move less in an earthquake and be less likely to collapse.

Design Considerations for detail design partDesigns for Performance, Safety and Reliability

Performance measurement Present building structures are normal, weak and not withstand the earthquake, but our structure is earthquake resist mechanism. By using isolation base we can get overcome the effect of earthquake. Reliability Our structure has good life age-period compare to present structure, because we are add here shock resist isolation base to sustain its reliability and we can easily stay on it. Safety -Our structure is better due to its ergonomics design , We are using energy dissipation device in our structure so it absorb the energy of earthquake, so less chance of risks and damages.Designs for Ergonomics and Aesthetics In below two figures (A) is good in ergonomically and aesthetically. It Means picture [A] has high sustain capacity than picture [B]. (A) (B) Comparison of two Existing tools for Ergonomics and Aesthetics.Designs for Manufacturability and Assembly (DFMA)

In below two figures (A) is good in Manufacturing and Assembly because its less complexity. picture [B] has required more components than picture[A].

(A) (B) Comparison for Manufacturability and Assembly (DFMA). Designs for Cost, EnvironmentIn below picture (A) contains more cost than (B) and it is environmentally very good to use because it is able to flow more air through a coil.

(A) (B)

Comparison of cost and environment of two materials.Design Calculation Damper Mechanism

Damper (mast), a device that damps oscillation inradio masts and towersfor better protection against storms Tuned mass damper, a device mounted in structures to prevent discomfort, damage or structural failure by vibration Damper (flow), a mechanical device in a duct or chimney that regulates airflow Stockbridge damper, used to suppress wind-induced vibrations on taut cables A damper, also known as aharmonic absorber, is a device mounted in structures to reduce the amplitude of mechanicalvibrations. Their application can prevent discomfort, damage, or outrightstructural failure. They are frequently used in power transmission, automobiles, and buildings.

Base Isolation

The main principle of base isolation mechanism is to try and isolate the structure from the ground movement, so we are just about put it ball bearing if the ground could move underneath it and the building stays still.Base isolation, also known asseismic base isolation[2]orbase isolation system,[3]is one of the most popular means of protecting a structure againstearthquakeforces.

Bracing

Inconstruction,cross bracingis asystemutilized to reinforcebuildingstructures in which diagonal supports intersect. Cross bracing can increase a buildings capability to withstand seismic activity from an earthquake. Cross bracing is usually seen with two diagonal supports placed in an X shaped manner; these support compression andtensionforces. Depending on the forces, onebracemay be in tension while the other is slack. Cross bracing can be applied to any rectangular framestructure, such as chairs and bookshelves. Insteelconstruction, steel cables may be used due to their great resistance to tension (although not resistant at all tocompression). The common uses for cross bracing includes bridge (side) supports, along with structural foundations. This method of construction maximizes the weight of the load a structure is able to support.

Roller construction Ametallic roller bearingis abase isolationdevice which is intended for protection of various building and non-building structures against potentially damaginglateral impactsof strong earthquakes. This bearing support may be adapted, with certain precautions, as a seismic isolator to skyscrapers and buildings on soft ground. Metallic roller bearings are employed by a housing complex

Measuring Instruments/ Techniques-Knowledge and Use Seismometer Seismometer is a tool or a vibration sensor, which is usually used to detect earthquakesor vibrations on the surface of the soil.Recording the results of this tool called aseismogram. With today's technological developments, the ability of seismometers can be improved, so that it can record the vibrations in the range offrequenciesthat is quite wide.Tools like this are called seismometerbroadband. Seismographis a device that measures and recordsearthquakes.In principle, the seismograph consists of hangers ballast and a pointed tip like a pencil.By doing so, it can be seen the strength and direction of the earthquake through the earth's motion picture recorded in the form ofseismograms.

Comparison of existing materials, methods, tools and equipment with our project

Existing tool

Present tools have simple Design and simple circuit but it has no safety of human as well as required Features, measuring and variable elements. It has only limited modes, operation and application. For different application we have to required different machines.

Our toolOur tool has simple Design and complex circuit but it has safety of human as well as required Features, measuring and variable elements. It has only wide modes, operation and application. For different application we have to require only one machine with following features:

Compact, lightweight, Easy-to-Use. Six Programmable Settings with Digital Display of Temperature and Air Flow. Programmable Heat and Air Flow. Adjustable Temperature in 10 Increments From 50 to 540C (130 to 1000F) in F or C. Adjustable Air Flow from 4 to 16 CFM (113 to 453 L/Min). Ergonomic Handle Provides Balanced Grip. Temperature and Air Flow LockInFeature Provides Added Management Control. PowerInterrupt Reset Safety Feature Prevents an Unattended Heat Gun From Resuming Heat after a Power Failure.

Simulation and Analysis (Software Modelling), Mathematical ModelConclusion/ Future ScopeWe learn about characteristics of deferent material, speed regulation of DC motor, Ardiuno programming, LCD interfacing, Thermocouple performance and Designing parameters. In Future it is useful to improving our Electrical Power tools safety and reliability with its automation.