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I DD

FINAL REPORT ON THE PREPARATORY SURVEY

(OUTLINE DESIGN) ON

THE PROJECT FOR INTRODUCTION OF CLEAN ENERGY

BY SOLAR ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM IN

ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT

OCTOBER 2010

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD.

EGYPT-JAPAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (E-JUST) THE GOVERNMENT OF ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT

I DD

FINAL REPORT ON THE PREPARATORY SURVEY

(OUTLINE DESIGN) ON

THE PROJECT FOR INTRODUCTION OF CLEAN ENERGY

BY SOLAR ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM IN

ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT

OCTOBER 2010

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD.

EGYPT-JAPAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (E-JUST) THE GOVERNMENT OF ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT

PREFACE

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) decided to conduct the preparatory

survey on THE PROJECT FOR INTRODUCTION OF CLEAN ENERGY BY SOLAR ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM in Arab Republic of Egypt.

JICA sent to Egypt survey team headed by Mr. Hirotsugu KATO of ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. from October 10th to October 24th, 2009 and from January 24th to February 20th, 2010.

The team held discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of Egypt, and conducted a field study at the study area. After the team returned to Japan, further studies were made. Then, a mission was sent to Egypt in order to discuss a draft outline design, and as this result, the present report was finalized.

I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries.

Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of Arab Republic of Egypt for their close cooperation extended to the teams.

October 2010

Kyoko KUWAJIMA

Director General, Industrial Development

Japan International Cooperation Agency

October 2010

Letter of Transmittal

We are pleased to submit to you the preparatory survey report on the Project for Introduction of Clean Energy by Solar Electricity Generation System in Arab Republic of Egypt

This survey was conducted by Oriental Consultants Co.,Ltd., under a contract to

JICA, during the period from September 2009 to September 2010. In conducting the study, we have examined the feasibility and rationale of the project with due consideration to the present situation of Egypt and formulated the most appropriate outline design for the project under Japan’s Grant Aid scheme. Finally, we hope that this report will contribute to further promotion of the project.

Very truly yours,

Hirotsugu Kato

Project Manager, The Preparatory Survey team on the Project for Introduction of Clean Energy by Solar Electricity Generation System in Arab Republic of Egypt Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd.

SUMMARY

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SUMMARY

1. Outline of the Country

Arab Republic of Egypt (hereinafter referred to as “Egypt”) has a million km2 of area, which is 2.6 times as large as that of Japan and is located in the northeast of Africa. Egypt faces the Mediterranean Sea on the north, Red Sea on the east, Libya on the west, Sudan on the south and Israel on the northeast.

The White Nile and Blue Nile join into the Nile River in Sudan and it flows 1,500km from south to north into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile River flow divides the country area into four main areas, which are the Nile Valley and Nile Delta, Western Desert, Eastern Desert and Sinai Peninsula. Only 5 % of the total country area is utilized for some purpose while 90% is desert.

The climate of Egypt can be divided into four groups which are the Mediterranean climate (around the Mediterranean Sea), semi-arid climate and semi-desert climate (around the capital city, Cairo) and desert climate (south of Cairo, the eastern desert and western desert). The maximum temperature in inland areas often goes beyond 40°C with little rainfall around the Mediterranean Sea area making the country dependent on water from the Nile River and underground water in desert areas. From March to May, a dry, hot and dusty local wind called khamsin blows and its great quantities of sand and dust make vision blurry.

The total population of Egypt is 72.57 million and a large number of people are concentrated in the Nile Valley and Nile Delta area and the Suez Canal area. Comprehensive land development for enlargement of cultivatable land started since in 1947 with one of the national principles of more population decentralization and utilization of undeveloped land and natural resources. Approximately 26% of the total population is concentrated in Cairo and Alexandria located 220km northwest of Cairo where approximately 3.33 million people live is the second largest city behind Cairo.

GNI per capita in Egypt was 1,350 dollars in 20061 and the inflation rate was 9.6%2. The main fields of GDP are Trade/Finance/Insurance (18.4%), Mining and Manufacturing (17.5%), Agriculture (14.6%), Petroleum (12.9%), and Transportation (10.6%).3 Due to the success of the current Cabinet’s economic reforms such as attraction of foreign direct investment by improvement of the investment environment and privatization of national enterprises, growth rate of real GDP rose to 7.1%. Meanwhile, the economic situation which depends to a large extent on the four main sources (Sightseeing, Canal tolls, Cash transfers from outside emigrants and Oil export) of foreign currency revenue stayed the same and other critical problems also exist such as a high unemployment rate, accumulating domestic debt due to budget deficits and a widening gap between the rich and the poor.

1 Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2008/2009) 2 Source: IMF (2006/2007) 3 Source: Ministry of Trade and Industry

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Egypt produces and exports energy and in 2008, the total electricity generating capacity by all power plants was approximately 22,583MW (Thermal power: 19,436MW, Hydropower: 2,842MW, Wind Power: 305MW). Power generation mainly depends on thermal power and most of it is by natural gas Combined Cycle Gas Turbine.

2. Background and Outline of the Project

Recently, annual electricity demand has been reported to have a high ratio of increase at 7%, while the average reserve margin of power supply stays at 1.5%, the tight supply condition in relation to the demand has not improved. The electricity demand of Egypt to maintain the similar level of the recent years, therefore, this increasing demand has to be taken into account in preparing well planned electricity equipment and facilities for sustainable and safer electricity supply. Meanwhile, domestic oil and natural gas resources have important role for both power generation and foreign currency revenue of Egypt. According to an estimate, they will be depleted by 2020 due to increased electricity demand.

As for countermeasures for climate change, Arab Republic of Egypt is one of the Non-Annex I countries of the Kyoto Protocol. Also the New and Renewable Energy Authority (hereinafter referred to as “NREA”) was set up to drive forward renewable energy, targeting promoting change over of energy sources from oil to more clean energies.

In the Five-year plan (2007 ~ 2012) about 12% of total power capacity of the newly constructed power generating plants by 2012 is planned to be covered by renewable energy. It was also adopted in the Supreme Council of Energy in 2008 that renewable energy would be increased to 20% of total domestic electricity demand by 2020. Meanwhile, it faces difficulty of pursuing both reduction in Greenhouse gas (GHG) and economic development due to insufficient ability and budget.

Meanwhile, the Government of Japan (hereinafter referred to as “GoJ”) in a speech of Prime Minister Fukuda (at the time) at the Davos conference announced establishment of the Cool Earth Partnership (January 2008) as a new financial mechanism. Through this, GoJ is cooperating actively with developing country’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by implementing efforts to promote clean energy.

Because of these situations, a new scheme of grant aid, the “Program Grant Aid for Environment and Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as “GAEC”) was also created by GoJ as a component of this financial mechanism. An application for “GAEC” with its targets of introducing and procuring equipment for a grid connected Solar Photovoltaic (PV) system and technical assistance for operation and maintenance was submitted by Egypt in April 2009. As candidates sites, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST) (Generation capacity of approx 400kW and project cost of 583 million yen) and Kuraymat under the control of NREA (Generation capacity of approx 1MW and project cost of 915 million yen) were included in the

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submitted request.

3. Study Results and Project Contents

GoJ decided to conduct the Preparatory Study upon the request by Egypt and Japan International Coordination Agency (JICA) sent a survey team to Egypt from October 10th to 24th ,2009. Through discussions with the Ministry of International Cooperation (MOIC), NREA, E-JUST and Alexandria Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC), a first survey team conducted site surveys to clarify the request components and on site situation. In the following analysis in Japan, showcase effect, security, sustainability, grid connectivity, capability of operation and maintenance of the PV system and effect on PV modules by sun shadow were reviewed at two candidate sites of E-JUST and Kuraymat were evaluated as to feasibility. As a result, though technically possible at both sites, due to difficulty in sustainable operation regarding battery renewal cost and budget constraints of GAEC, E-JUST was selected as a project site. The second survey team was sent to confirm the request component, to conduct detailed site surveys and to draft equipment and facility planning from January 24th to February 20th ,2010. The results of the following conceptual design were reported in the Draft Final Report. The survey team was sent from May 14th to May 22nd ,2010 to explain the Draft Final Report to the implementing agency and other related organizations and the confirmed project plan and undertakings to be borne by the Egyptian side basically as shown in the Minutes of Discussion.

The outline of this GAEC and planned grid connected PV system, which was confirmed by both Egyptian and GoJ sides, is shown in the following table. E-JUST will take charge of the project and its operation. Meanwhile, AEDC under the umbrella of Ministry of Electricity and Energy will take charge of actual works concerning power receiving, permission, authorization process and technical assistance. There hasn’t been any precedent of reverse power flow to the grid, electric power selling or an institution dedicated to PV system in Egypt. Therefore, a PV system without reverse power flow is proposed. However, the Egyptian side intends to formulate such an institution in the near future and start the reverse power flow by themselves when the necessary circumstances are ready. Accordingly, the scope of the project includes procurement of necessary equipment and technical assistance related to reverse power flow.

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Outline of the Grant Aid Program

Equipment procurement for PV system

Usage of power Needs

Grid-connected solar PV system

Power generated by the PV system connecting to the existing grid is supplied to facilities

To increase the percentage of renewable energy using solar and wind power up to 20% of the total electric power generating capacity by 2020, in accordance with the greenhouse gasses emissions reduction policy

Technical Assistance for grid-connected PV system (Soft Component)

Technical assistance Training on basic knowledge of the PV system and on the operation and maintenance thereof including inspection and troubleshooting.

To address insufficient knowledge for operation and management of the PV system, because it has seldom been introduced in Egypt up to now.

Outline of Grid Connected PV System Planning

Implementing agency E-JUST

Location In compound of E-JUST CLUB & MALL, New Borg EL Arab city, Alexandria, Arab Republic of Egypt

Power generating capacity Approx 420kW

Estimated amount of annual power generated by the PV system

Approx 641,000 kWh

Area of installation Approx 7,000m2

Usage of power Power supply for the sport club, the shopping mall, and the dormitories

Reduction of CO2 emission Reduction of CO2 emission 359.6t/year

ATRIUM

Power Generating Capacity : 40kW

Annual Power Generated : 57,000kWh/Year

PARKING

Power Generating Capacity: 200kW

Annual Power Generated: 308,000kWh/year

PLAZA



Total


Annual Power Generated : 641,000kWh /Year

Total



Image of the PV system Installation

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Equipment Specifications

Item Qty Installation area/Uses Specification

PV module 1 set To transform solar light to electricity. To be installed at the PLAZA & PARKING

Mono or Poly-crystalline silicon Cells or Hybrid cells not less than 380kW

PV module 1 set The same as above To be installed at the ATRIUM

Amorphous silicon transparent cells (thin-film type) transmission factor 10% or more not less than 40kW

Supporting structure for PV modules

1 set To fix the PV modules on the frame structures

Power conditioners 1 set To convert direct current power generated by the PV modules to alternate current power To control power, voltage and frequency in relation to a grid-connected solar PV system.

Rated capacity: not less than 420kW More than fifteen sets are combined and synchronized

Data management and monitoring systems

1 set To track the amount of power generated, input/output voltage from/to power conditioners, solar radiation, air temperature etc. as well as to record and display them in the specified format to be set

Personal computer LCD（15 inch or more） Data sensing instruments Signal transmitter UPS（Capacity of 10 minutes or more）Color printer (Size: up to A3 ) Application software for data monitoring

Meteorological observation instruments

1 set To measure meteorological data Pyranometer, Thermometer, Wind speed and direction sensor, Hygrometer, Rain Gauge, Barometer, Atmidometer

Large display 1 set To indicate power generated and meteorological data etc. for showcases

Size: not less than 100 inch (liquid crystal, PDP or LED)

Sign board 1 set To be installed at the intersection of the road to the airport as a showcase

8m x 4m

PV Information system 1 set To transmit data regarding power generated and meteorological data etc. to E-JUST website in real time

Server Network Equipment Application software UPS（Capacity of 10 minutes or more）and so on

Maintenance equipment 1 set For maintenance purpose Insulation tester (Megger), Digital circuit tester, Electrical Detector (for medium, low voltage), Circuit disconnection rod, Insulated rubber gloves, Insulated Rubber boots, Kit of Tools

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4. Implementation Schedule

Total project implementation period will be 16 months, which consists of 4 months for detailed design and tender process, 11 months for procurement and 1.5 months for the soft component.

5. Project Evaluation and Recommendation

The table below shows expected direct/indirect effect expected to be brought by the project.

Present situation and problems

Countermeasure by the project

Direct Effects Indirect Effect/Degree of

improvement

Egypt is insufficient in ability and fund to pursue both Green house gas (GHG) reduction and economic development

There is a need for utilization of renewable energy due to an expectation that domestic oil and natural gas will run out by 2020.

Introduction of the grid connected solar PV system

Soft Component (Technical assistance) for operation and maintenance of the above said system

Annual reduction of 359.6 (t-CO2/year) in green house gas (GHG) emission

Showcase effect that the grid connected PV system will be shown to 108 million people per year

Contribution to the upper level plan and promotion of PV system in Egypt

Contribution to the research and development of renewable energy in E-JUST and fostering of related industries in Egypt.

As a whole, it is summarized that the introduction of the large scale grid connected PV system to Egypt for the first time under this project is expected to lead to the following effects;

• 359.6t of annual CO2 emission reduction • Promotion of PV system in Egypt • Contributing to achievement of the goal of the upper level plan which is eventually covers

20% of total domestic electricity demand by renewable energy by 2020. • Contributing to the world climate change policies as a member of the Cool Earth Partnership. • Fostering of PV related industries in Egypt by contributing to the research and development

of renewable energy in E-JUST

The following items shall be paid attention and implementation with necessary countermeasure is required by the Egyptian side for effective and smooth operation of the project.

1) Egypt has promoted to install the renewable energy sources such as solar thermal and wind power aggressively. Under such situation, it is essentially important to use the introduced PV system by the project as a jump start to promote to disseminate PV power generation. Therefore, it is highly recommended that policy for introduction of renewable energy such as preferential taxation, subsidy, Feed-in Tariffs (FIT) or Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is formulated as quickly as possible.

2) As for operation and maintenance of the PV system, E-JUST will take charge of PV power generation and AEDC will take charge of interconnection to the grid. In order to sustain to

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operation of the PV system, establishment of an operational structure cooperating with AEDC, drafting of operation and maintenance plan including an equipment renewal plan, in addition to capacity building for operation and maintenance staff of E-JUST and AEDC are required. These items are covered by the Soft Component program of the project at first, however, initiative to take actions on their own on operation and maintenance is needed after implementation of the program.

3) It’s expected to cost approximately 147,200EGP annually for operation and maintenance of the PV system. Though energy cost of approximately 289,000EGP will be saved by the PV system, annual budgets for operation and maintenance have to be planned and allocated every year.

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CONTENTS Preface Letter of Transmittal Summary Contents Location Map/Perspective List of Figures & Tables Abbreviations

Page

Chapter 1 Background of the Project ............................................................................................... 1-1 1-1 Background of the Request ................................................................................................ 1-1 1-2 Outline of the Request........................................................................................................ 1-1 1-3 Natural Conditions ............................................................................................................. 1-4 1-4 Social and environmental consideration ............................................................................ 1-5

Chapter 2 Contents of the Project .................................................................................................... 2-1 2-1 Basic Concept of the Project .............................................................................................. 2-1

2-1-1 Upper level Goals and Project Goals .............................................................................. 2-1 2-1-2 Outline of the Project ...................................................................................................... 2-1

2-2 Outline Design of the Japanese Assistance ........................................................................ 2-2 2-2-1 Design Policy .................................................................................................................. 2-2

2-2-1-1 Basic Policy........................................................................................................... 2-2 2-2-1-2 Policy for Natural Conditions ................................................................................ 2-6 2-2-1-3 Policy Related to Socio-economic Condition ...................................................... 2-10 2-2-1-4 Policy concerning Construction, Procurement Affairs and Special Situations and

Commercial Customs of Industry ......................................................................... 2-10 2-2-1-5 Policy for Utilizing Local Companies ................................................................. 2-11 2-2-1-6 Policy for Operation and Maintenance Abilities of the Executing Agency ......... 2-11 2-2-1-7 Policy for Equipment and Frame Structure Grade............................................... 2-11 2-2-1-8 Policy for Installation/Procurement Methods ...................................................... 2-12 2-2-1-9 Schedule Policy.................................................................................................... 2-13

2-2-1-10 Policy for Construction ..................................................................................... 2-13 2-2-2 Basic Plan (Construction Plan / Equipment Plan)......................................................... 2-14

2-2-2-1 Formulation of Basic Plan ................................................................................... 2-14 2-2-2-2 Equipment Plan.................................................................................................... 2-31

2-2-3 Outline Design Drawings .............................................................................................. 2-33 2-2-4 Implementation Plan ..................................................................................................... 2-43

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2-2-4-1 Implementation Policy ......................................................................................... 2-43 2-2-4-2 Implementation Conditions.................................................................................. 2-45 2-2-4-3 Scope of Works .................................................................................................... 2-45 2-2-4-4 Consultant Supervision ........................................................................................ 2-45 2-2-4-5 Quality Control Plan ............................................................................................ 2-46 2-2-4-6 Procurement Plan ................................................................................................. 2-50 2-2-4-7 Operational Guidance Plan .................................................................................. 2-51 2-2-4-8 Soft Component (Technical Assistance) Plan ...................................................... 2-53 2-2-4-9 Implementation Schedule..................................................................................... 2-55

2-3 Obligations of the Recipient Country .............................................................................. 2-56 2-4 Project Operation Plan ..................................................................................................... 2-58

2-4-1 Operation and Maintenance Plan .................................................................................. 2-58 2-5 Project Cost Estimation.................................................................................................... 2-59

2-5-1 Initial Cost Estimation................................................................................................... 2-59 2-5-2 Operation and Maintenance Cost .................................................................................. 2-59

2-6 Other Relevant Issues....................................................................................................... 2-61

Chapter 3 Project Evaluation and Recommendations ...................................................................... 3-1 3-1 Project Effect...................................................................................................................... 3-1 3-2 Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 3-3

3-2-1 Issues to be addressed by the recipient country and recommendations .......................... 3-3 3-2-2 Technical cooperation and tie-up with other donors ....................................................... 3-3

[Appendices]

1. Member List of the Study Team 2. Study Schedule 3. List of Parties Concerned in the Recipient Country 4. Minutes of Discussion 5. Soft Component (Technical Assistance) Plan 6. Solar Radiation Simulation 7. Reference

Cairo

Alexandria

Borg El Arab

To Alexandria (30km)

0km 5km

Borg El Arab Airport

E-JUST Campus

E-JUST CLUB & MALL

Location Map

MuCSAT

The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Introduction of Clean Energy

by Solar Electricity Generation System in Arab Republic of Egypt Oriental Consultants co.,ltd. Perspective

LIST OF FIGURES Page

Figure 2-1 PV module installation site.............................................................................................. 2-4 Figure 2-2 Measured Solar Radiation and Air Temperature at E-JUST site ..................................... 2-7 Figure 2-3 Average Wind Speed in Alexandria................................................................................. 2-8 Figure 2-4 Construction Yard and Access Road Plan...................................................................... 2-14 Figure 2-5 Outline of proposed PV system ..................................................................................... 2-15 Figure 2-6 Frame Structure Layout Plan ......................................................................................... 2-23 Figure 2-7 Perspective of the PV System........................................................................................ 2-28 Figure 2-8 Project Implementation Scheme.................................................................................... 2-43

LIST OF TABLES Page

Table 1-1 Natural Conditions in Alexandria (2007) ........................................................................ 1-5 Table 1-2 Maximum record of meteorological element in Alexandria............................................ 1-5 Table 2-1 Outline of the Project....................................................................................................... 2-2 Table 2-2 Monthly Average Solar Radiation and Air Temperature in Alexandria (EMA) .............. 2-7 Table 2-3 Monthly Average Solar Radiation and Air Temperature in Alexandria (NASA) ............ 2-7 Table 2-4 Construction Schedule for E-JUST CLUB & MALL and the dormitories.................... 2-13 Table 2-5 Items to be observed...................................................................................................... 2-17 Table 2-6 PV Information devices ................................................................................................. 2-18 Table 2-7 Maintenance Equipment ................................................................................................ 2-18 Table 2-8 Schedule of Protection Relays....................................................................................... 2-21 Table 2-9 Outline of the proposed PV System............................................................................... 2-28 Table 2-10 Equipment specifications............................................................................................... 2-31 Table 2-11 Scope of Works by the Project and Egyptian Side ........................................................ 2-45 Table 2-12 Initial Operation Guidance for the PV system............................................................... 2-52 Table 2-13 Implementation Schedule .............................................................................................. 2-56 Table 2-14 Maintenance Cost for the Project .................................................................................. 2-60 Table 2-15 Schedule for the Project and E-JUST CLUB & MALL ................................................ 2-61 Table 3-1 Project Effect ................................................................................................................... 3-1 Table 3-2 Index of Showcase Effect ................................................................................................ 3-1 Table 3-3 Reduction in Environmental Burden ............................................................................... 3-2

ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Original Word

A AEDC Alexandria Electricity Distribution Company

C CC Climate Change

CCGT Combined-Cycle Gas Turbine

CDM Clean Development Mechanism

CEPL Legal Entity of Public Law

D DNA Designated National Authority

E EBED European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

EC-CDM Egypt Council for the CDM

EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency

EEHC Egyptian Electric Holding Company

EEUCPRA Egypt Electric Utility & Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency

EFR Earth Fault Relay

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EIB European Investment Bank

E-JUST Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology

EMA Egyptian Meteorological Authority

F FIT Feed-in Tariff

G GHG Green House Gas

J JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

K KfW Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau

G GEF Global Environmental Facility

M MOEA Ministry of Environmental Affairs

MOEE Ministry of Electricity and Energy

MOHE Ministry of Higher Education

MOIC Ministry of International Cooperation

MuCSAT Mubarak City for Scientific Research & Technology Applications

N NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NECC National Energy Control Center

Abbreviation Original Word

NEDO New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NREA New and Renewable Energy Authority

O OFR Over Frequency Relay

OVGR Over Voltage Grounding Relays

OVR Over Voltage Relays

R RCREEE Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Efficiency

RCC Regional Control Center

RPR Reverse Power Relay

RPS Renewable Portfolio Standard

T TPP Thermal Power Plant

U UFR Under Frequency Relay

UNDP United Nation Development Plan

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply

USAID United Sates Agency for International Development

UVR Under Voltage Relay

W WB World Bank

CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

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Chapter 1 Background of the Project

1-1 Background of the Request

The Government of Japan (hereinafter referred to as “GoJ”) has established the Cool Earth

Partnership in the address made by the then Prime minister Fukuda of Japan during World Economic Forum held in Davos, Switzerland in January 2008 as a new financial mechanism for developing countries that are aiming to achieve both emissions reductions and economic growth , and suffering severe adverse impacts as a result of climate change. Through this, a new scheme of grant aid, the “Program Grant Aid for Environment and Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as “GAEC)” (2008) was also created by GoJ for insufficient funded and less capable developing countries willing to take actions for climate change.

As one of the co-benefit cooperation projects, JICA aims to utilize Japanese advanced technology in clean energies including renewable ones. As a result, it was decided to conduct GAEC using the solar photovoltaic (hereinafter referred to as “PV”) system for the member countries of the Cool Earth Partnership.

Because of these backgrounds, GoJ was asked for an installation of a PV system as GAEC by Arab Republic of Egypt (hereinafter referred to as “Egypt”), which has a takes policy to develop renewable energy to mitigate negative impact on the environment and deals with rapidly increasing electricity demand, and the implementation of the preparatory survey under JICA was approved by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.

1-2 Outline of the Request

The application for GAEC by Egypt in April 2009, submitted at the time of the project formulation in the preparatory survey and the final scope of works for the project are outlined as follows, respectively.

(1) Application for GAEC (April 2009)

GAEC for installation of a grid connected PV system and technical assistance for the operation and maintenance thereof was requested by Egypt in April 2009. The Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (hereinafter referred to as “E-JUST”) and Kuraymat under the umbrella of the New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) were proposed by Egypt as candidate sites for this project. The generating capacity and the project cost are 400kW, about 583 million yen at the E-JUST site and 1MW, and about 915 million yen at Kuraymat site.

In this preparatory survey, as a first step, project formulation including narrowing down the candidate sites was implemented. As a second step, through site survey, the conceptual

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design, the project cost estimation and drawing up of the draft tender documents were conducted.

(2) Requests at the time of project formulation in the preparatory survey (October 2009)

The contents of two candidate sites requested by Egypt at the time of project formulation in the preparatory study in October 2009 are described below.

“E-JUST” Grid connected PV system (Generating capacity: 400kW) 1 set Data management and monitoring systems 1 set Meteorological observation instruments 1 set PV information board 3 sets Real time data information system at E-JUST website 1 set Security camera 1 set Soft component

“Kuraymat” Grid connected PV system (Generating capacity:1MW) 1 set High quality batteries 1 set Data management and monitoring systems 1 set Security camera 1 set Soft component

Those two candidate sites were evaluated in accordance with aspects of showcase effect, security, sustainability, grid connectivity, capability of operation and maintenance of the PV system and adverse effect on PV modules by sun shadow. Under the above-mentioned criteria, the feasibility of both sites are evaluated as follows;;

“E-JUST”

1. Location E-JUST plans to construct E-JUST CLUB & MALL, which is a community center of E-JUST, and 28 units of dormitories at a residential area situated at the east side of the E-JUST campus. The PV system will be installed in the compound of E-JUST CLUB & MALL.

2. Showcase effect The PV system to be installed is highly expected to have a showcase effect to E-JUST students, teachers, visitors and neighbors of E-JUST CLUB & MALL.

3. Sustainability of the project Since E-JUST is the owner of E-JUST CLUB & MALL and the 28 units of the dormitories including the land, there is no concern about sustainability of the PV

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system ownership and the capability for operation and maintenance of the PV system will be strengthened by the technical assistance program called the “soft component” of the project. Furthermore, the PV system can be easily connected to the Alexandria Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC) grid because there is an existing distribution network in the vicinity of the site.

“Kuraymat”

1. Location Kuraymat is located 100 km from Cairo where a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant integrated with the solar thermal power generation plant was established. The PV system is proposed to be installed in the premises of the said plant.

2. Showcase effect The project is expected to provide the PV system in the compound of the power plant which is not open to the public. Therefore, the expected showcase effect of the PV system would be very limited because the number of anticipated visitors to the site is very small due to the distance from Cairo and the above restriction..

3. Sustainability of the project There is no concern about operation and maintenance of the PV system because it will be strengthened by the technical assistance program called the “soft component” of the project. The main uncertainty, however, is that the requested PV system includes high quality batteries in order to assure a stable power supply to the grid, which has a renewal cost (125,000,000 JPY/0.5MW) every 5 to 7 years.

Although both projects are feasible as described in the above-mentioned evaluations, as the result of consideration in Japan, it is concluded that the E-JUST plan was the targeted project due to the concern for renewal cost of the high quality batteries of the other one and the limited GAEC budget.

(3) Scope of works for the project

The JICA study team explained to the Egyptian side that E-JUST was selected as a project site and that was approved by the Egyptian side in January 2010. Afterward, as a result of further study, discussion with the Egyptian side, and detail design and project cost estimation, it was decided to install PV modules and frame structures at three different installation places in the compound of E-JUST CLUB&MALL for effective land use. Also it was confirmed and approved that instead of a PV information board, a typical sign board available in Egypt was adopted and security cameras will be installed by the Egyptian side. The confirmed

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scope of works for the project is as follows; Grid connected PV system (Generation capacity of 420kW) 1 set Frame structure 1 set Data management and monitoring systems 1 set Meteorological observation instruments I set Sign board 1 set Real time data information system at E-JUST website 1 set Soft component

1-3 Natural Conditions

The Nile River flows 1,500km from south to north into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile River

flow divides the country area into four main areas, which are the Nile Valley and Nile Delta, Western Desert, Eastern Desert and Sinai Peninsula. Only 5 % of the total country area is utilized for some purposes while 90% is desert.

Though warm winter (from November to April) and hot summer (from May to October) are the two main seasons of the desert climate which is the main climate in Egypt, climate can be divided into four further minor groups which are the Mediterranean climate (around the Mediterranean Sea), semi-arid climate and semi-desert climate (around the capital city, Cairo) and desert climate (south of Cairo, the eastern desert and western desert). The maximum temperature in inland areas

often goes beyond 40 with little rainfall only around the Mediterranean Sea area making the country dependent on water source from the Nile River and underground water in desert areas. From March to May, a dry, hot and dusty local wind called khamsin blows and its great quantities of sand and dust make vision blurry.

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Table 1-1 Natural Conditions in Alexandria (2007)

2007 No.

Month

Item Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average(or total)

1 Average Max. daily temperature (°C)

18.2 18.0 19.4 22.6 25.2 28.3 30.4 30.7 29.2 26.0 22.8 19.5 24.2

2 Average Min. daily temperature (°C)

12.0 11.1 12.1 14.5 17.43 20.8 22.9 23.7 22.7 20.3 17.2 13.8 17.4

3 Average Temperature (°C)

14.8 14.4 15.6 18.4 21.1 24.3 26.3 26.9 25.6 22.9 19.8 16.4 20.5

4 Average Humidity (%)

61.5 61.3 62.4 59.2 60.3 61.2 62.0 62.2 61.6 63.3 62.1 60.2 61.4

5 Rainfall* (mm/month)

27.3 22.5 13.6 4.2 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 6.3 16.2 27.0 120.6

6 No. of sunny days 6 6 5 5 10 13 16 17 14 10 7 6 115

7 Day length (Hour/Day)

10.3 11.1 11.9 12.9 13.7 14.1 13.9 13.2 12.3 11.4 10.6 10.1 145.5

Source: Egyptian Meteorological Authority: EMA *: Average of 25 years record (1982- 2007)

Table 1-2 Maximum record of meteorological element in Alexandria

Item Data Mark

Maximum Temperature 42.2°C

Minimum Temperature 8.7°C

Maximum seismic intensity & Scale of intensity

VII (MSK scale) Record day：12th Sep 1995

Frequency of lightning Average7day/year (Nov～March*1) Past 20 years

*1: Source: Weatherbase

1-4 Social and environmental consideration

In Egypt, the following items are regulated in accordance with “Law No. 4 of 1994”

• Environmental standards • Emission standards • EIA institution • EIA guideline

As for EIA institution in Egypt, the Egypt Council for the CDM (EC-CDM) is designated as the Designated National Authority (DNA). EC-CDM takes the role of establishing standards for CDM application including project evaluation and approval, and appending its signature on letters of intent on CDM development in Egypt.

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The PV system to be installed by this project, whose generation capacity is less than 500kW, is not

thought to be bringing large impact on the environment. As a result of consideration in accordance with the JICA EIA guideline, the PV system is categorized as “Category C” with which environmental reviews can be skipped after the screening. In general cases in Egypt, it is required to obtain EIA approval four months before the beginning of construction work and it takes approximately 2 to 6 months before the approval. Though a formal EIA is not necessary for this project, application and approval of a more simple form of EIA, which is called the “EIA Form”, is needed. E-JUST will takes charge of miscellaneous tasks concerning obtaining the EIA Form.

As another relevant issue concerning social and environmental consideration, it is checked whether historical heritages exist at the project site or not, and required steps when it exists. Meanwhile due to the distance from the project site to those known heritages and the fact that there are no heritages found in the project site so far, it was confirmed that the project can be implemented without considering countermeasures for heritages.

CHAPTER 2

CONTENTS OF THE PROJECT

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Chapter 2 Contents of the Project

2-1 Basic Concept of the Project

2-1-1 Upper level Goals and Project Goals

In Egypt, the electricity demand increases by 7% annually while average reverse generating margin stays around 1.5%, which brings a supply and demand imbalance. Since the electricity demand is expected to go up in years to come, strengthening power generation facilities to meet this increasing power demand is an issue to be solved. Meanwhile, the oil and natural gas which is essential for power generation and has an important role in foreign currency revenue of Egypt, is expected to deplete by 2020 due to the rapid increase in energy demand.

As for countermeasures for climate change, the New and Renewable Energy Authority (hereinafter referred to as “NREA”) was set up to drive forward renewable energy under the umbrella of the Ministry of Electricity and Energy in 1986, targeting fostering change in

energy sources from oil to more clean energies. In the Five-year plan (2007～2012) which is an upper level plan of this project, about 12% of total electric generating capacity of the newly constructed power generating plants by 2012 shall be covered by renewable energy. It also aims at eventually increasing renewable energy up to 20% of total domestic electricity demand in accordance with the decision by the Supreme Council for Energy in 2008. In 2008, the total electricity generating capacity by all power plants was approximately 22,583MW (Thermal power: 19,436MW, Hydropower: 2,842MW, Wind Power: 305MW), and the total power consumption was about 112,123GWh (Thermal Power: 95,782GWh, Hydropower: 15,510GWh, Wind Power: 831GWh)

In this context, this project funded by GAEC aims at contributing to expedite introduction of a

grid-connected solar photovoltaic system (hereinafter referred to as “PV system”) and reduce greenhouse gasses emissions in Egypt.

2-1-2 Outline of the Project

To achieve the above said project goals, this project will procure and install equipment for a PV system in the compound of E-JUST CLUB&MALL, 220km North West of the capital city of Cairo and provide technical assistance for the operation and maintenance thereof, Consequently, power generated by the PV system interconnecting to the grid will be supplied to the facilities in the compound of E-JUST CLUB & MALL and the surrounding vicinity.

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Table 2-1 Outline of the Project

Equipment procurement for PV system

Use of power generated Needs

Grid-connected PV system

Power generated by the PV system connecting to the existing grid is supplied to facilities

To increase the percentage of renewable energy using solar and wind power up to 20% of the total electric power generating capacity by 2020, in accordance with the greenhouse gasses emissions reduction policy

Technical Assistance for grid-connected PV system (Soft Component)

Content of training Needs

Technical assistance Training on basic knowledge of a PV system and on the operation and maintenance thereof including inspection and troubleshooting.

To address the lack knowledge for operation and management of a PV system, because it has seldom been introduced in Egypt up to now.

2-2 Outline Design of the Japanese Assistance

2-2-1 Design Policy

2-2-1-1 Basic Policy

(1) Scope of the Cooperation

The proposed PV system1 is characterized by utilization of Japanese technology and know-how from experience and knowledge gained in the past, with consideration of the showcase effect and sustainability of the project.

There hasn’t been any precedent of reverse power flow to the grid, electric power selling

or an institution dedicated to a PV system in Egypt. In addition, the Alexandria Electricity Distribution Company (hereafter referred to as “AEDC”), a power distribution company in the Alexandria area which operates the grid to connect with the PV system of this project, has no experience to deal with reverse power flow to the grid. Therefore, a PV system without reverse power flow is proposed. However, Egypt intends to formulate such an institution in the near future and start the reverse power flow by themselves. Accordingly, the scope of the project includes procurement of necessary equipment and technical assistance related to reverse power flow.

(2) Required Space and Capacity of the PV system to be installed

E-JUST initially submitted a request for a specific installation site, capacity and use of

power generated for the PV system as follows:

- Installation site: roof and wall of dormitories, in the vicinity of E-JUST CLUB & MALL

1 PV system (Solar photovoltaic system): A Solar photovoltaic system is a system which uses solar cells to convert

light into electricity

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- Capacity: Totally approximately 400kW - Use of power generated: facilities of E-JUST CLUB & MALL and the 28 units of

the dormitories.

As for the installation site of the PV modules2, the roof and wall of the dormitories are excluded for the following reasons

- Installation cost is prohibitively high because the area available to mount PV modules on each dormitory is small

- Showcase effect of the PV modules on the roof of a five story building seems to be relatively-low

The total floor area of the CLUB (sports club) & MALL (shopping mall) facilities is 25,700m2, and roads are already concretely planed in E-JUST CLUB & MALL site. Therefore, the area for installation of the PV system is limited. In addition, E-JUST has a keen interest to showcase to not only E-JUST students and teachers, but also to the inhabitants of the district because E-JUST CLUB & MALL is also characterized as a community center between E-JUST and the local inhabitants.

Under these conditions, the required space and optimal capacity of the PV system was studied and evaluated based on the following design policies

1) As proposed by the Egyptian side, the power generated by the PV system is to be consumed in E-JUST CLUB & MALL and the dormitories.

2) PV modules are to be carefully arranged so as not to be affected by shadows from the surrounding buildings in order for maximum power to be generated by the PV system.

3) Layout of PV modules is to be in harmony with the design of E-JUST CLUB & MALL facilities. In addition, it is considered essential to still be able to effectively utilize the space underneath the installation area of the PV modules.

4) As proposed by the Egyptian side, the distance between E-JUST CLUB & MALL facilities and the PV system shall be spaced out over 10 m.

5) Direction and tilting angle of PV modules is planned so as to maximize the annual amount of power generated in consideration of the showcase effect.

As a result of consultations with E-JUST, regarding feasible installation sites, a PV system is proposed to be arranged on each of three places which can accommodate a PV system with 400kW requested by Egyptian side in consideration of the current E-JUST CLUB & MALL plan.

2 PV modules (Photovoltaic Modules): A photovoltaic module is a smallest unit of packaged interconnected assembly

of solar cells

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Figure 2-1 PV module installation site

(3) Overall Design Concepts

The outline design of the Project is based on the following concepts

1) In consideration of the fact that there has been no precedent of reverse power flow to the grid or electric power selling coupled with the lack of an institution regarding a PV system in Egypt, the project will provide equipment necessary for a PV system without reverse power flow.

2) As the Egyptian side intends to stipulate necessary regulations for the introduction of a PV system with reverse power flow as soon as possible, the project will incorporate necessary equipment (Reverse Power Relay (RPR), Over Frequency Relay (OFR), Detection of Islanding Operation (DIO)) and technical assistance related to reverse power flow as well.

3) It is required to secure high quality power distribution and draft a reliable equipment plan which conforms to Japanese low voltage grid-interconnection standard for northern and southern dormitories and Japanese high voltage grid-interconnection standard for E-JUST CLUB & MALL.

Existing North side 14 units of

dormitories

Area for PV module installed 50ｍ

CLUB （Sports Club）

South side 14 units of dormitories

（under construction）

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4) It is required to install protection devices that include over voltage ground relays and reverse power relays in the electric substation owned by AEDC. Therefore, AEDC is responsible to equip the aforementioned protection devices in the substation in order to comply with Japanese high voltage grid-interconnection standard. Furthermore, (phase advance) capacitor for power factor improvement shall be installed due to over 85% of power factor at the low voltage side. Meanwhile, in relation to northern and southern dormitories complied with Japanese low voltage grid-interconnection standard, the grid-connected PV system with low voltage grid-interconnection board equipped with reverse power relay are planed.

5) As for the connection point for the PV system and existing power distribution systems, it is planned at the low voltage side of the transformer of the electric substation.

6) In consideration of a PV system without reverse power flow, the PV system has been carefully designed so as to be able to control the PV power output from the power conditioner3 with monitoring power from the grid during the lowest demand period at the site.

7) The frame structures are carefully designed in consideration of the weather and the passage of light to the space under the PV modules' floor for visitors of E-JUST CLUB & MALL.

8) The PV system will be connected to the existing dormitories by the project. After the completion of E-JUST CLUB&MALL and southern dormitories construction, the Egyptian side shall connect the PV system to them.

9) After formulation of an institution in relation to reverse power flow to the grid and electric power selling in the future, the PV system with reverse power flow will work by stopping reverse power relay. AEDC will be responsible to install the watthour meter for selling.

10) In case of the reclosing of distribution line, the gird is paralleled off by each secondary breaker of inverter or gate-block worked by protection of islanding operation by active method and passive method in the power conditioner in order for protection of electric facilities including the PV system.

3 Power Conditioner: A power conditioner is a device, which has an inverter, protective relays and so on in itself,

intended to transform direct current into alternating current for interconnection to a grid.

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2-2-1-2 Policy for Natural Conditions

(1) Altitude

The altitude of the project site where the procured equipment will be installed and then

operated is approximately 7m above sea level. Therefore, all equipment is designed with manufacture’s standard specifications for altitude and pressure.

(2) Solar radiation and air temperature

The JICA Study Team made a measurement of solar radiation and temperature on the roof

of the existing northern dormitory during the 2nd preparatory survey. The observed data is as shown in “Figure 2-2 Measured Solar Radiation and Air Temperature at E-JUST site” below. The average solar radiation in the observed data was 3.3 kWh/m2/d. These results were almost the same as the 3.49 kWh/m2/d of average solar radiation in January and February announced officially by NASA. The Egyptian Meteorological Authority ‘s (EMA) data is identical to that of NASA as well.

Therefore, the annual power generated by the PV system is calculated by the data of solar radiation announced officially by EMA and NASA and a simulation of the shadow effect on the PV system by the surrounding buildings.

The air temperature ranges from 14 degrees Celsius to 26 degrees Celsius annually according to NASA‘s air temperature data that is shown in “Table 2-3 Monthly Average Solar Radiation and Air Temperature in Alexandria (NASA)”. As the ambient temperature range of PV operation is between minus 20 degrees Celsius and 45 degrees Celsius, the PV modules are expected to function properly in the project site. Even though the surface temperature of the PV modules would increase more than the ambient temperature, the air temperature would not affect the performance of the PV system. As for power conditioners, their ambient temperature range of PV operation is between minus 10 degrees Celsius and 40 degrees Celsius. Judging from these factors, it’s not necessary to make any special considerations for the equipment.

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3.4

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8 Feb（Fair）

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Daily Solar Radiation

Average AirTemperature

Daily Solar Radiation(kWh//d)

Average AirTemperature（）

(2010)

Figure 2-2 Measured Solar Radiation and Air Temperature at E-JUST site

Table 2-2 Monthly Average Solar Radiation and Air Temperature in Alexandria (EMA)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Daily Solar Radiation (kWh/m2/d)

3.04 3.94 5.32 6.62 7.56 8.36

Average Air Temperature (°C)

14.85 14.43 15.61 18.40 21.15 24.36

Month Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average

Daily Solar Radiation (kWh/m2/d)

8.13 7.48 6.38 4.94 3.54 2.80 5.68


26.36 26.90 25.65 22.97 19.80 16.46 20.58

Table 2-3 Monthly Average Solar Radiation and Air Temperature in Alexandria (NASA)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Solar Radiation (kWh/m2/d)

3.04 3.94 5.32 6.62 7.56 8.36


14.8 14.4 15.6 18.4 21.1 24.3

Month Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average

Solar Radiation (kWh/m2/d)

8.13 7.48 6.38 4.94 3.54 2.80 5.68


26.3 26.9 25.6 22.9 19.8 16.4 20.6

Note: NASA, Alexandria (Lat.31.5 N, Long.30.5 E), Average daily solar radiation value is measured on a horizontal surface(kWh/m2/d).

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(3) Seismic Load

It has been recorded that Egypt once experienced a destructive earthquake 18km south of Cairo which had a magnitude of 5.3, on the Richter scale in October 1992. However, there hasn’t been any record of earthquakes strong enough to shatter buildings in the vicinity of Alexandria where the project site is located.

Design criteria for structural calculation on supporting steel frames, fixing anchor bolts and reinforced concrete foundations should comply with “JIS C8955 Design Standard for supporting structures of Photovoltaic Modules”. Design dead load should be referred to total weight of both PV modules and supporting steel frames as a long term load. On the other hand, design short term load shall be equivalent to the larger value of either total load of dead load and wind load or total load of dead load and seismic load.

(4) Wind

The EMA has recorded a wind velocity of 3.9 m/sec as the average wind velocity in the past 3 years as shown in “Figure 2-3 Average Wind Speed in Alexandria”. However, the structural design condition of wind velocity is defined as 36 m/sec in Alexandria according to the Egyptian Building Code. For the verification of resistance of the PV modules, supporting steel structures, anchor bolts, and reinforced concrete foundations, the wind velocity of 36 m/sec is adopted as the design wind velocity. In addition, the design wind pressure of 1,300 N/m2 is adopted in accordance with the calculation method of wind load defined by the Japanese Building Code, considering that the project site is located near the sea and belongs to “Ground roughness classification 3.”

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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Note: Measured at 10 m above the ground level

Figure 2-3 Average Wind Speed in Alexandria

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(5) Snowfall

Since snowfall has never been observed in Alexandria, the planned PV system will neglect snow load.

(6) Rainfall

According to the meteorological data announced officially by EMA, the annual rain fall in Alexandria is approximately 120mm, which is equivalent to less than one-tenth of the annual precipitation in Tokyo, and such small amount of rainfall could slightly contribute to cleaning the surface of PV modules.

Taking the above-mentioned meteorological conditions into account, the planned PV system doesn’t need any special considerations for water proof measures of the electrical devices.

(7) Lightning

Occurrence of lightning in Alexandria is observed around seven times a year, mainly from November to March. No damages caused thereby have been reported. However, the damage to electrical devices, computers, etc. caused by induced lightning has become a serious issue lately. In case of lightning, the equipment is damaged because an abnormal current and voltage caused by induced lightning enters into electronic devices of the equipment through power and telephone lines. Therefore, as countermeasures, a lightning arrestor and/or surge protection device will be installed in the equipment such as power conditioners, measurement and monitoring equipment and a large display to avoid damage possibly caused by abnormal currents.

(8) Ground condition

The structural design condition for the substructure is set at 15 tons per square meter which is equivalent to the design condition to be adopted for E-JUST CLUB & MALL facilities. The foundation that will support the structural frame will be a type of spread foundation for the above reason.

(9) Salt damage

Since the project site is located in an inland area about 8km from the Mediterranean Sea, and no salt damage caused by sea breeze has been reported, therefore, no countermeasures for salt damage will be considered for the frame structure or equipment.

(10) Sand storms

A couple of sand storms with west wind are regularly observed in the season from the end of February to the beginning of May. This is likely to effect power generated by the PV

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system due to fine grains of sand on the PV modules. As countermeasures, the PV modules will be cleaned after sand storms by maintenance staff. Therefore, sill cock and the access space will be planned on the PV modules floor, and power conditioners are to be installed inside of air conditioned or ventilated rooms to isolate them from fine grained sand as much as possible.

2-2-1-3 Policy Related to Socio-economic Condition

To achieve the Green House Gas emission reduction globally, utilization of renewable energy has been required around the world. To date, well developed infrastructures and incentive policies in relation to renewable energy in Egypt have not been prepared due to the difficulty of capacity building and the financial aspect in terms of promotion of both reduction of greenhouse gas emission and economic development at the same time. Therefore, The PV system should be planned to consider showcase effect aiming at promotion of renewable energy on the premise with the minimum amount of equipment which are able to cover the project requirements.

2-2-1-4 Policy concerning Construction, Procurement Affairs and Special Situations and

Commercial Customs of Industry

(1) Permits and approvals and laws related to the implementation of the project

Egyptian labor law controls employment contracts, gender considerations, working hours, break times, wages, working rules, working environment and so on. This law shall be applied to the scope of this grant aid project, including the frame structure installation work, electrical installation work and equipment installation. As for the frame structures, they are not listed under coverage in the Egyptian Building Standard since the frame structures of the project is not categorized as architectural buildings. Therefore, in accordance with the instruction by the Egyptian side, it’s planned to apply Japanese design standard for the frame structure of the project. However, the design documents are subject to be checked by the related authorities.

(2) Applicable technical guidelines, regulations and standards

The design, procurement, manufacture and installation of equipment and materials to be procured under this project conform to international and Japanese standards issued by the following organizations:

• IEC Standards (IEC61215, IEC61646, IEC61730-1 and IEC61730-2) • Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) • The Standard of Japan Electric Manufacturer’s Association (JEM) • Japan Electromechanical Committee (JEC) • Japanese Cable Maker’s Association Standards (JCS)

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• Guideline on interconnection system technology requirements for power quality (Japan)

• Grid-Interconnection Code (Japan) • Electricity Business Act(Japan) • Electrical Facilities Engineering standards (Japan)

(3) Design standards to be complied with for installation work

All the plans and designs are based on the Japanese specifications and standards while still referring to the guidelines of Egyptian civil, construction, electrical, and mechanical work and so on. However, fire extinguishing work conforms to Egyptian standards by instruction of Egypt.

2-2-1-5 Policy for Utilizing Local Companies

This is the first time for Egypt to install PV system of this scale and local companies have no experience with the installation of a PV system like this project. It is absolutely necessary to provide training and guidance to local companies by experts; thus, Japanese companies which will be the suppliers for this project will supervise the entire installation work and provide training and instruction to local companies. It is planned to utilize local companies for the civil/construction work, transportation of equipment and materials in Egypt etc, which can be executed by local companies.

2-2-1-6 Policy for Operation and Maintenance Abilities of the Executing Agency

Under this project, E-JUST will have the first experience to install a PV system. For the project, E-JUST will establish the operation and maintenance group consisting of 4 engineers and another 8 technical staff.

Though the specialties of the 4 technical staff in the operation and maintenance group are automatic control engineer, communication engineer, technologist and civil engineer, they have no technical knowledge regarding the PV system that is to be provided by the project.

Therefore, sufficient training for the operation and maintenance of the newly introduced equipment shall be provided.

The trainings are to be conducted by the manufacturer in charge of the installation’s initial operation guidance and the soft component by the consultant.

2-2-1-7 Policy for Equipment and Frame Structure Grade

For the project to be successful, the equipment and frame structure must be of general versatility, toughness, and good cost performance. Furthermore, it’s important to select them from the view point of proven good performance and smooth operation and maintenance after installation.

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There are many kinds of photovoltaic cells which are composed of PV modules, such as mono-crystalline silicon 4 , poly-crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon transparent cells 5 (thin-film type), chemical compounds and hybrid types. All these different types of PV modules have their own characteristics of power generation efficiency, temperature-maximum output, and voltage-current performance and so on.

In accord with the above requirements and capability of photovoltaic cells, the type of photovoltaic cells for the project are to be selected from crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon types which have proven long-term good performance, in consideration of the required minimum power generated capacity, area of installed PV modules, effect of shadow and lighting of space under PV modules floor each installation site.

2-2-1-8 Policy for Installation/Procurement Methods

(1) Construction method

Foundations and columns of the frame structures are typical reinforced concrete structures and constructed with methods commonly adopted in Egypt.

(2) Procurement method

Procurement of the equipment and materials for the project are to be implemented with

consideration of the following:

1) Connection between the PV modules, support structures, power conditioners, measuring and data management and monitoring systems and so on must be guaranteed to function as an integrated system.

2) Establishment of an appropriate support structure for operation and maintenance of the systems is essential because this is the first time for introduction of large scale grid-connected PV system in Egypt.

3) The project shall be implemented within a limited time period in accordance with the guidelines for the Japanese grant aid scheme.

4) Major equipment for the project such as PV modules and power conditioners are to be procured from Japanese manufacturers, therefore competitiveness among those manufacturers must be maintained.

5) Prevailing construction materials and other materials such as electric and telecommunication cables etc. to be used for installation of equipment and

4 Crystal Silicon: A crystal is a solid material, whose constituents are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern. A

crystal silicon is a silicon in a crystallized state 5 Amorphous Silicon: An amorphous silicon is the non-crystalline allotropic form of silicon

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construction of foundations are to be procured in Egypt in order to reduce the project cost.

2-2-1-9 Schedule Policy

E-JUST is a newly opened university and the construction for E-JUST CLUB & MALL will be started at the project site hereafter. The construction for the northern 14 units of dormitories was already finished. Meanwhile, the southern 14 units of dormitories are still under construction and the completion of the construction is scheduled to be in October 2011. The bidding for E-JUST CLUB & MALL was finished and the completion of the construction is scheduled in December 2011.

It’s necessary to set the implementation schedule for the project considering the above

mentioned construction schedule so as to provide power generated by the PV system to E-JUST CLUB & MALL and the dormitories as planned.

Table 2-4 Construction Schedule for E-JUST CLUB & MALL and the dormitories

9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

JICA Project

Tender/Evaluation

Supervision

Soft Component

E-JUST Club & Mall Construction

North side domitories

South side dormitories Construction

2009 2010 2011 2012

Schedule

Year/Month

Operation

Testing

2-2-1-10 Policy for construction

As mentioned “2-2-1-9 Schedule Policy”, the project and E-JUST CLUB & MALL construction will be implemented in parallel. The result of consultation with E-JUST, the construction yards (approximately 1,400m2) consisting of temporary storage yards and workshops, and access road are as shown below. With respect to detail items and rules under construction, The contractor for the project will discuss with the construction company for E-JUST CLUB & MALL with support of E-JUST.

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Figure 2-4 Construction Yard and Access Road Plan

2-2-2 Basic Plan (Construction Plan / Equipment Plan)

2-2-2-1 Formulation of Basic Plan

As the result of studies based on Japanese interconnection standards regarding the effect of the grid by the project, it is confirmed that the introduction of the PV system of this project will be technically feasible.

(1) Study of the equipment plan

As the result of studies and discussions with the Egyptian side as well as necessary analysis conducted in Japan thereafter regarding the equipment for the PV system to be procured for the project, the planned PV system will be composed of gird-connected photovoltaic system (PV modules, power conditioners and electric substation), data management and monitoring systems, large display, and so on as described below.

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Figure 2-5 Outline of proposed PV system

1) PV Modules

There are many kinds of photovoltaic cells which are composed of PV modules, such as mono-crystalline silicon, poly-crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon transparent cells (thin-film type), chemical compounds and hybrid types. All these different types of PV modules have their own characteristics of power generation efficiency, temperature-maximum output, and voltage-current performance and so on.

The type of photovoltaic cells for the project are selected from crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon types which have proven long-term good performance, in consideration of the required minimum power generated capacity, area available for installing PV modules, effect of shadow, and lighting of space under PV panels at each installation site. Particularly, the installation site next to the main entrance road will be the main entrance for E-JUST CLUB & MALL. Therefore, considering natural lighting of the space beneath the PV modules, amorphous cell modules of a see-through type have been adopted.

2) Power conditioners

According to the assumed power consumption for the 28 units of the dormitories and E-JUST CLUB & MALL and the assumed power generated by the PV system, the power generated by the PV system would be greater than the assumed lowest power consumption.

If surplus power is generated, power conditioners can take measure to avoid reverse power flow because the PV system has been designed to operate without reverse power

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flow. Therefore, it is planned that power conditioners can be power output controllable systems based on power demand. Furthermore, these power conditioners also avoid the shutdown of the entire system in case of trouble with some power conditioners.

3) Electric Substation

The electric substation for E-JUST CLUB & MALL which will be connected to medium voltage lead-in cables steps down medium voltage to low voltage due to power supply for facilities. AEDC will design and install the electric substation including transformer and (phase advance) capacitor for power factor improvement etc.

Meanwhile, AEDC supplies power directly to the existing northern dormitories through

the distribution transformer owned by AEDC. The power supply system for southern dormitories under construction also is the same system of northern dormitories.

The PV system and existing northern dormitories will be connected by the project. After completion of E-JUST CLUB & MALL and southern dormitories construction, the Egyptian side shall connect the PV system to them.

4) Data Management and Monitoring Systems

Data management and monitoring systems consist of a personal computer, meteorological

observation instruments such as a pyranometer, a thermometer, a rain gauge etc., along with data detectors and signal transmitters. The systems enable tracking of the amount of power generated, input/output voltage from/to power conditioners, solar radiation, air temperature etc. as well as to record and display them in the specified format to be set. In addition, the performance of the PV system is monitored by these systems. In case of detection of an abnormality, the system sets off an alarm and records it accordingly.

The data measuring equipment is as shown in the following subparagraph a). The system automatically collects, processes and records the data as specified in the following subparagraph b), under the conditions specified in subparagraph c).

a) Component of data management and monitoring systems

• Personal Computer : 1 unit • Pyranometer : 1 unit • Thermometer : 1 unit • Wind speed and direction sensor : 1 unit • Hygrometer : 1 unit • Rain Gauge : 1 unit • Barometer : 1 unit • Atmidometer : 1 unit • Data detector and signal converter : 1 set

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b) Measuring period, calculation period and data storage period

• Measuring Period : 10-20 seconds • Calculation Period : about 10-20 seconds • Data storage period : 1 minute or 1 hour

c) Items to be observed

Table 2-5 Items to be observed

Observation Items Measuring point Data storage

Solar radiation 1 Yes

Air Temperature 1 Yes

Humidity 1 Yes

Wind Direction 1 Yes

Wind Speed 1 Yes

Rainfall Precipitation 1 Yes

Air Pressure 1 Yes

Amount of Evaporation 1 Yes

Dew Point (Calculated from temperature and humidity)

Yes

Input voltage to power conditioner 15 or more Yes

Output voltage from power conditioner 15 or more Yes

Amount of power generated by the PV system 1 Yes

5) Large Display

The large display is planned to be installed at the frame structure next to the main entrance road of E-JUST CLUB & MALL for the purpose of showcasing to staff, students of E-JUST, visitors, and local inhabitants.

This large display indicates the outline of the PV system as well as the amount of power generated (present, daily, monthly and annual) and meteorological data (air temperature and solar radiation etc.).

6) PV Information system

It is planned to connect to the existing E-JUST Website via the Internet so as to display the power generated by the PV system in real time, the meteorological data and the outline of the PV system to the world.

7) Sign Board

For purpose of showcasing to tourists to Alexandria, a sign board with perspective drawing of the PV system is to be installed at the entrance road of Borg EL-Arab international airport.

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Table 2-6 PV Information devices

Location to be installed Devices Items to be indicated

E-JUST CLUB & MALL Large display Power output, Amount of power generated, Time, Meteorological data, Description of the PV system

E-JUST Website Website Power output, Amount of power generated, Time, Meteorological data, Description of the PV system

Borg El-Arab Airport entrance intersection

Sign Board Perspective drawing of the PV system

8) Maintenance equipment

In order for a proper maintenance of the PV system and the electric substation, the maintenance equipment is planned as follows.

Table 2-7 Maintenance Equipment

Items Qty

• Insulation tester (Megger) 1 unit

• Digital Circuit Tester 1 unit

• Electric Detector (for 11kV) 1 unit

• Electric Detector (for 400V) 1 unit

• Circuit Disconnection Rod 1 unit

• Insulation Rubber Gloves 1 pair

• Insulation Rubber Boots 1 pair

• Kit of Tools 1 lot

9) Spare parts and consumables

Spare parts and consumable materials are not included in the project.

(2) System Plan

The design conditions to be considered are as follows:

1) Meteorological Conditions

Meteorological conditions for planning and design of the project shall be in compliance with the “2-2-1-2 Policy for Natural Conditions”. And the engineering practice in Egypt shall also be taken into consideration. (Refer to the following data).

a) Air Temperature 1. Annual average: 20.6°C 2. Maximum in the past: 42.2°C 3. Minimum in the past: 8.7°C 4. Average in summer: 26.3°C

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5. Average in winter: 15.0°C 6. Design temperature: -10°C to 50°C

b) Air Humidity: R.H. 20 to 95% (annual mean. RH. 61.5%)

c) Wind pressure: 1,300 N/m2

d) Rainfall Intensity: 27.3 mm/hour

e) Snow load : 0 N/m2

2) Condition for electrical requirement

a) Medium voltage power supply 11 kV 50 Hz-3-phase 3-wire grounded system

b) Low voltage power supply • Voltage and system 380V/220V 3-phase 4 wire system (TN-C) • Frequency 50 Hz

• Steady voltage fluctuation ±5％ • Frequency fluctuation ±1％

c) Design conditions for the electrical equipment Since the above-mentioned power supply condition indicates a steady fluctuation range, the electrical equipment of the PV system adheres to the following design conditions that reflect transient fluctuation range,

• Voltage fluctuation ±10％ Steady fluctuation • Instantaneous voltage fluctuation ±15％ • Frequency fluctuation ±3％ Steady fluctuation • Instantaneous frequency fluctuation ± 5％

3) Systems requirements for the PV system

a) PV cells convert sunlight to direct current power and feed it to power conditioners.

b) The power conditioners convert this direct current into the alternating current that shall be synchronized with the voltage, frequency and phase of the grid. The alternating current from the power conditioners is distributed to the electrical load in the premises.

c) If the power generated by the PV system exceeds the power demand of the premise, the power conditioners will control the output power in order not to reverse the surplus power to the grid.

d) The power conditioners are incorporated with protective functions that shut-off the

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connection between the grid and itself in case of its own faults or failures of the grid.

e) The data management and monitoring systems monitor the performance of the PV system and record the operating data.

4) Operation of the power conditioners

a) The power conditioners keep monitoring the performance of the PV modules and start automatically when the output voltage of the PV modules reaches a set value.

b) Power conditioners automatically stop if either output voltage or power generated by the PV modules drops below a set value.

c) In principle, the PV system distributes the power generated in the daytime only. The PV system automatically stops power distribution in case of a shortage of sunlight.

d) When the operation of the PV system recovers, the power conditioners restart automatically after a specified period of delay time in order to avoid excessive run/stop cycling.

e) In case the alternating system to be connected to the PV system has an accident or the power conditioners themselves break down, the PV system automatically shuts down and disconnects from the alternating system immediately.

f) In case an accident occurs in the grid, the PV system shut down. When the grid recovers, the PV system restarts automatically after a specified period of delay time

g) Before surplus power is generated, the power conditioners regulate output power so as not to reverse it to the grid.

5) Protection measures for the PV system

In Egypt, standards or guidelines relating to a grid-connected PV system are not yet prepared. Therefore, the protection relays for the PV system are planned in accordance with the “Guideline on interconnection system technology requirements for power quality” and the ”Grid-interconnection Code” in Japan. Types, number and installation locations are as shown in “Table 2-8 Schedule of Protection Relays” below. Over Voltage Grounding Relays (OVGR) and Reverse Power Relay (RPR) in AEDC’s electric substation are to be installed by the Egyptian side.

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Table 2-8 Schedule of Protection Relays

Type of Protective relay No. of Phases Installation Location

① Over Voltage Grounding Relay6 (OVGR) Operating voltage setting range: 2 to 30% (5-step preset value or more)

Operating time setting range: 0.1 to 10 seconds (5-step preset value or more)

3-wire zero phase Circuit

② Reverse Power Relay (RPR) Operating power setting range: 0.25 to 10% 5-step preset value or more )

Operating time setting range: 0.1 to 10 seconds (5-step preset value or more )

1 phase

Power receiving panel in the electric substation

③ Over Voltage Relay (OVR) Operating voltage setting range: 105-110-115-120% of rated voltage

Operating time setting range: 0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0seconds

1 phase

④ Under Voltage Relay (UVR) Operating voltage setting range: 95-90-85-80% of rated voltage

Functional Period: 0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0seconds

3 phases

⑤ Over Frequency Relay (OFR) Operating frequency setting range: 100.3-100.5-101-102% of rated frequency


1 phase

⑥ Under Frequency Relay (UFR) Operating frequency setting range: 99.7-99.5-99-98% of rated frequency


1 phase

⑦ Detection of islanding operation (Passive and active) Operating setting range: 3-5-7-9 Rad.


－

Power conditioner

6) Grounding works

The TN-C method in the IEC standard has been applied to the local power distribution. The earth conductor is commonly used with a neutral conductor of the receiving transformer and each piece of electrical equipment. The electric substation and earthing for the neutral conductor of the receiving transformer at E-JUST CLUB & MALL will be installed by the Egyptian side. The power conditioner, supporting structure for PV modules, PV system connecting box7, power collecting box and so on of the PV system will be earthed. According to the Electrical Facilities Engineering standards in Japan, these earth works are classified as Class C (earth resistance value of 10 Ohms or less). Therefore, the earth resistance value of 10Ω or less will be applied to the system of this

6 EFR(Earth Fault Relay) is substituted for OVGR(Over Voltage Ground Relay) 7 Connecting Box: A connecting box is a box which functions as a terminal block connected with cables from PV

modules. It also houses switchgear, surge absorber and so on if necessary.

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project and also a grounding electrode will be independently embedded.

(3) Design Policy for the Frame Structure

Design policies for the structural frames to support the PV modules are as follows:

1) Design Policy

a) The project site is located in the center of the communication space of E-JUST, and the project aims at maximizing the public awareness (showcase-effect) of the PV system.

b) The spaces beneath the frame structures are designed as a plaza and a parking lot for effective utilization of the land.

c) Since the facilities of E-JUST CLUB & MALL are scheduled to be established in the same premises, their preexisting plans shall be respected and harmonization with their appearance shall be considered.

d) Natural lighting and natural ventilation shall be introduced as much as possible into the space under the structural frames so that the area could be made comfortable. .

e) If the that E-JUST CLUB & MALL construction will not be completed before the completion of installation of the PV system, a frame structure layout in which the PV system is able to function tentatively shall be planned.

f) One way traffic shall be established as a general rule in the compound of E-JUST CLUB & MALL to ensure the smooth and safe traffic flow.

g) Equipment procurement and construction work inside of the boundary of the frame structures are the scope of works under the project. Others such as pavement and water supply work outside of the boundary of them are by Egypt.

h) Security and capability of maintenance shall be taken into account.

As the result of the studies and discussion with E-JUST based on the design policy, PV modules are to be installed in 3 different locations, ATRIUM, PLAZA and PARKING as shown below;

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Figure 2-6 Frame Structure Layout Plan

2) Basic Plan

• ATRIUM: Since ATRIUM will be located at the entrance of E-JUST CLUB & MALL and facing the main access road, it’s planned to utilize the area beneath the PV modules for an entrance square. Because of this, see-through type amorphous PV modules are planned to be installed to allow as much natural light as possible to pass through and illuminate the area below thereby mitigating any feeling of pressure. And 30 degree of panel tilting angle is planned in consideration of power generated efficiency and the harmony with the planned shopping mall building next to ATRIUM. As for the structure, the columns and the foundations adopted are reinforced concrete structure and spread foundation (independent footing) respectively. In regard to the roof, since see-through type amorphous PV modules will be installed on its steep slope, the frame structure requires high constructional accuracy and deformation-resistance by wind and temperature. As the result of the consideration of constructional accuracy, lightness, size, cost and other factors, a truss structure is adopted for durable and slim members, high constructional accuracy regardless of skill, less deformation by wind and temperature, and lightness, compared to reinforced concrete structures or steel structures. As for other equipment, a large display to show power output, amount of power generated, and so on is to be installed beneath and in the center of the frame

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ATRIUM




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structure. In addition, a lighting system, outlets and water supply system for maintenance are planned.

• PLAZA: Recreational space for visitors under the frame structure of PLAZA next to E-JUST CLUB and E-JUST MALL is planned. Because of this, the recreational space at PLAZA is planned to take into account natural lighting and natural ventilation. As for the structure, the reinforced concrete structure is proposed for its slabs on the roof and for its columns. The roof slabs are planned to be located at the height to which visitors are not able to climb. A spread foundation (independent footing) is adopted for the column foundation. As for other equipment, a lighting system, outlets and water supply system for maintenance are planned.

• PARKING: The space under PARKING PV modules is planned to be a parking lot in compliance with the request of E-JUST for the sake of effective utilization of the land. As for the structure, a reinforced concrete structure is adopted for its slab roof and columns and a spread foundation (independent footing) is adopted for the column foundation. A part of the space under PARKING PV modules is planned for the power conditioner room and the maintenance room in which the power conditioners and the data managing and monitoring equipment are installed respectively. In addition, the pump chamber and the water tank for fire extinguishing are planned in PARKING area. Each room shall be air-conditioned and air tight in order to prevent entry of dusts and sands from outside. As the maintenance room is also utilized for academic purpose, a ladder is planned to enable people to climb up onto the roof and see the PV modules. As for other equipment, a lighting system, outlets and water supply system for maintenance are to be installed

3) Section Plan

• ATRIUM: 30 degree of panel tilting angle is planned in consideration of power generated efficiency and the harmony with the planned shopping mall building next to ATRIUM. A catwalk and a clasp for a safety belt are planned for maintenance purposes. The installation height of the PV modules will be from 16.5 meters to 4.7 meters.

• PLAZA: A flat roof with parapet at a height of 4,050 mm is planned to prevent people from climbing up onto it. A ladder for maintenance will be installed at a height of 2,500mm.

• PARKING: A flat roof with parapet and handrail at a height of 2,500mm and floor height of 3,550mm are planned considering the 2,000mm height of the power conditioner. The power conditioner room is insulated in consideration of the large fluctuation in external temperature.

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4) Structure Plan

a) Design Policy

The structural design for the project shall be formulated after a full review of the existing site conditions. In principle, the structure form shall be designed in consideration of the deflection in the long-term load, the vibration, and so on. It also shall be to have a satisfactory factor of safety during short-term loading (the earthquake and the wind load) as well without degrading the strength of the building. Furthermore, simple construction method and durable structural form shall be adopted.

b) Structural Design Standard

As for structural design, Egyptian standard law shall basically be conformed. If necessary, the structural design standard of the Architectural Institute of Japan shall be referred for analysis method and structure design. Though it’s already confirmed that the local mill certificate meets the requirements for various material standards such as JIS, ASTM, BS and so on, in general JIS shall be conformed to in the structural design.

c) Seismic Design

As for seismic design criteria, the base shear coefficient shall be Co=0.2 in compliance with the Building Standards Law of Japan is adopted for the superstructure. For the skew truss frame structure at ATRIUM, a safety factor of I=1.5 will be applied considering the RC cantilever column. Based on this, horizontal seismic coefficient of K=0.3 and vertical seismic coefficient of k=0.5 are adopted.

d) Wind Resistant Design

The wind load is calculated based on Egyptian standard. Basic wind speed is assumed as 36m/sec.

e) Material Footing to First floor Concrete strength24N/mm2 Concrete Colunm, wall to Roof Concrete strength24N/mm2 Round steel bar φ6～φ9 Deformed bar SD295A D10～D16 Deformed bar SD345 D20～D25

Reinforcement

Deformed bar SD390 Minimum D29 Steel Steel shapes, Steel plate, Steel Pipe SS400、SSC400、STK400

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5) Utilities Plan

a) Mechanical work

i) Water supply and drainage system

The PV modules will be cleaned after sand storms by maintenance staff. Therefore, sill cock will be planned on the PV modules floor. The water supply will come from existing water pipes and drainage water is directly sluiced to the existing sewage facilities. The work for the water and drainage pipes to the boundary of the frame structures shall be done by Egyptian side. The fire extinguisher and fire hydrant shall be provided at PARKING area in accordance with Egyptian standards.

ii) Air-conditioning system

The power conditioner room and the maintenance room are air-conditioned to prevent dusts and sands entering the room from outside. The air-conditioner in the power conditioner room is to be placed on the floor, and in the maintenance room at the ceiling (cassette type). Individual type air-conditioning system with a split type heat pump air conditioner that are easy maintenance and energy saving are adapted. However, an air conditioner with only a cooling function is to be installed due to amount

of head generated by the power conditioners.

b) Electrical work

i) Power supply system

A power receiving panel connected to the low voltage of 380V/220V 3-phase 4 wire at E-JUST CLUB & MALL electric substation is to be installed at PARKING area. The control panels for lighting at ATRIUM and PLAZA, connected to low voltage of 380V/220V 3-phase 4 wire at E-JUST CLUB & MALL electric substation are to be installed. An electric meter is to be equipped in the power receiving panel and the control panels for lighting to calculate the electricity consumption.

ii) Emergency power equipment

UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply System) are to be installed for the computers, monitoring system and so on which need special care to protect against voltage fluctuation and instantaneous power failure.

iii) Lighting system

Basically fluorescent lightning is adopted for the frame structures, the power conditioning room, the maintenance room and other rooms considering ease of maintenance and running cost. With reference to JIS standards and the local situation in Egypt, the lighting intensity levels in each room are as shown below.

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Power conditioner 100 Lux Maintenance room 500 Lux Pump room 100 Lux ATRIUM 100 Lux PLAZA 100 Lux PARKING 25 Lux

Lighting systems in the power conditioning room and the maintenance room are controlled by switches. The lightning systems at ATRIUM, PLAZA and PARKING etc. are controlled automatically by timer and sensor for surrounding brightness. Single-phase 2-wire 220V is adopted for lighting and outlets.

4) Consideration of power generating capacity

As mentioned “2-2-2-1 (3) Design Policy for the Frame Structure”, 30 degree of panel tilting angle for ATRIUM is planned in consideration of power generated efficiency and the harmony with the planned shopping mall building next to ATRIUM. Since it is planned to utilize the area beneath the PV modules at ATRIUM for an entrance square, See-through type amorphous PV modules are planned to be installed to allow as much natural light as possible to pass through, illuminate the area below hereby mitigating any feeling of pressure and diminish reflection of reflect sunlight by PV modules to surrounding buildings. The total power generating capacity for ATRIUM is 40 kW.

Mono or Poly-crystalline silicone PV Modules which are high energy transformation efficiency is adopted for PLAZA. Since the garden at the center of recreational space under the frame structure of PLAZA is planned, the apertural area above the garden is planned in view of natural light. The total power generating capacity for PLAZA is 180kW.

Mono or Poly-crystalline silicone PV Modules are adopted for PARKING as well as PLAZA, and the total power generating capacity is 200kW.

Consequently, total power generating capacity for the PV system is estimated at 420kW and the annual amount of power generated by the PV system is approximately 16% of the estimated power demand of E-JUST CLUB& MALL and the dormitories.

5) Outline of the PV system

Based on the aforementioned equipment, frame structures and system plan, the proposed PV system is as follows:

The PV modules are to be installed at three different locations (ATRIUM, PLAZA, and PARKING). In consideration of effective use of the land, the spaces under the PV modules are to be utilized as open spaces for the entrance (ATRIUM), a recreation area

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(PLAZA) and car parking (PARKING) for E-JUST CLUB & MALL.

Table 2-9 Outline of the proposed PV System

Implementing agency E-JUST

Location In the compound of E-JUST CLUB & MALL, New Borg EL Arab city, Alexandria, Arab Republic of Egypt

Owner of the land E-JUST

Licensing E-JUST

Power generating capacity Approximately 420kW

Estimated amount of annual power generated by the PV system

Approximately 641,000kWh

Area of installation Approximately 7,000m2

Use of power generated Power supply for the sport club and the shopping mall, and the dormitories

Reduction of CO2 emission 359.6t/year

ATRIUM


Annual Power Generated : 57,000kWh/Year

PARKING



PLAZA



Total



Total



Figure 2-7 Perspective of the PV System

6) Power generated and CO2 emission reduction by the PV system

The estimated annual power generated and reduction of CO2 emission are calculated as follows;

a) Estimated annual power generated

ATRIUM (See-through type amorphous 40kW)

Annual power generated (kWh/year) = PV module capacity (kW)×Average solar radiation (kWh/m2/d)×365(d)×Slope Coefficient×Radiation Coefficient×Integrated

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Design Coefficient

= 40kW×5.68kWh/m2/d×365d×1.02×0.967

≒57,000kWh/year

• PLAZA (Crystalline 180kW)

Annual power generated (kWh/year) = PV module capacity (kW)×Average solar radiation (kWh/m2/d)×365(d)×Slope Coefficient×Radiation Coefficient×Integrated Design Coefficient

= 180kW×5.68kWh/m2/d×365d×1.06×0.998

≒276,000kWh/year

• PARKING (Crystalline 200kW)

Annual power generated (kWh/year) = PV module capacity (kW)×Average solar radiation (kWh/m2/d)×365(d)×Slope Coefficient×Radiation Coefficient×Integrated Design Coefficient

= 200kW×5.68kWh/m2/d×365d×1.06×0.999

≒308,000kWh/year

• Total annual power generated

57,000kWh/year + 276,000kWh/year + 308,000kWh/year = 641,000 kWh/year

Average solar radiation: 5.68 kWh/m2/d (From “Table 2-2 Monthly Average Solar Radiation and Air Temperature in Alexandria (EMA)”)

Slope Coefficient: Coefficient of specific direction and tilting angle against the horizontal solar radiation

Radiation Coefficient: Coefficient of actual annual power generation against the case without shadow effect

Total Coefficient: 0.7

* Total Coefficient is quoted from “Guideline of the introduction to the PV power

generation, NEDO 2000”

b) Estimated annual CO2 emission reduction

Annual reduction of CO2 emission (t/year) = Annual power generation (kWh/year)×Emission Coefficient

= 641,000kWh/year×0.561/1,000 = 359.6t/year

Emission Coefficient: 0.561kg –CO2/kWh

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* Emission Coefficient is quoted from guideline of Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan

7) Impact to the grid by the PV system

The electricity is currently provided to E-JUST CLUB & MALL site through an 11kV underground cable from the New Borg substation which is located 13km from the site. The cable size 95sqmm to 120sqmm was presumed from the capacity of the supply side circuit breaker of 630A. Considering the long distance from the New Borg substation and based on the assumed cable size of 120sqmm, the calculation for the voltage is made as follows.

a) Voltage of general low voltage consumers adjacent to E-JUST CLUB & MALL, in case of the PV system without reverse power flow

Since the total connected load is estimated to be more than or equal to 2,676kVA, which is much higher than the PV electricity capacity of 420kW, the no reverse power flow is presumed. The voltage of general low voltage consumers adjacent to E-JUST will be 227V under the conditions below, which is within the target value range (209V to 231V) of AEDC.

• PV electricity capacity: 420kW • Ratio of distribution transformer: 10.5kV/400-230V • Power factor: 0.6 • Improved power factor: 0.85

b) Voltage of general low voltage consumers adjacent to E-JUST CLUB & MALL, in the case of the PV system with reverse power flow

If the connected load is 200kW on holidays or during system maintenance, the voltage of general low voltage consumers adjacent to E-JUST can be 230V which is within the target value range (209V to 231V) of AEDC. This calculation was based on the assumption that the PV electricity capacity is 420kW with other conditions being the same as above.

8) Direction and tilting angle of PV modules

In order to harmonize with the design and plan of E-JUST CLUB & MALL buildings, it’s planned to set the PV modules of PLAZA and PARKING facing south east (146 degree) and the one of ATRIUM facing south west (236 degree). The decrease of power generating efficiency will be about 2% less compared with the PV modules facing directly south by which the most efficient power generation would be achieved. As for the tilting angle, as the result of consideration on the limited installation area and the offset distance between PV modules required by the shadow of the PV modules themselves, 30

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degrees will be planned because thereby the maximum power generating efficiency will be achieved. Meanwhile, the shadow effect caused by the adjacent E-JUST CLUB & MALL buildings and the dormitories to the power generating efficiency is calculated to be less than 1%.

2-2-2-2 Equipment Plan

Specifications for the equipment to be provided for the project based on considerations and analysis described in “ 2-2-2-1 Formulation of Basic Plan” are shown in “Table 2-10 Equipment specifications” below.

Table 2-10 Equipment specifications

Item Qty Installation place & Uses Specification

PV module 1 set To transform solar light to electricity. To be installed at PLAZA & PARKING

Mono or Poly-crystalline silicon cells, or Hybrid cells not less than 380kW

PV module 1 set Same as above. To be installed at ATRIUM.

Amorphous silicon transparent cells (thin film type) transmission factor 10% or more not less than 40kW

Supporting structure for PV modules

1 set To fix the PV modules on the frame structures

Power conditioners

1 set

To convert direct current power generated by the PV modules to alternating current power To control power, voltage and frequency in relation to a grid-connected PV system.

Rated capacity: not less than 420kW More than 15 sets are combined and synchronized power conversion efficiency: not less than 90% Output harmonic: less than or equal to 5% in total, less than or equal to 3% each Output power factor: not less than 0.95 Protective relay: • Over Voltage Relay (OVR) • Under Voltage Relay (UVR) • Over Frequency Relay (OFR) • Under Frequency Relay (UFR) • Detection of islanding operation (Passive

and active) Ingress Protection: not less than IP20

Connecting Box

1 set To collect direct current generated by the PV system and connect it to the power collecting box

Direct current switchgear, surge protection device, power back-flow prevention device, terminal block and etc. Ingress Protection: not less than IP53

Power Collecting Box

1 set

To divide the direct current collected in the connecting box into 2 to 4 networks and connect them to the power conditioner

Direct current switchgear and etc. Ingress Protection: not less than IP53

PV System Connection Board

1 set To collect the direct current output from the power conditioner and connect it to the electric substation

Alternative current switchgear and etc. Ingress Protection: not less than IP30

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Item Qty Installation place & Uses Specification

Electric substation (scope of works by Egyptian side)

1 set

To step down the medium voltage (3-phase 3-wire11kV50Hz) to the low voltage (3-phase 4-wire400/230V) and provide electricity to each faculty. To connect the electricity generated by the PV system to the grid

Receiving voltage: (3-phase 3-wire 11kV50Hz) Main circuit breaker: (VCB3P630A25kA) Transformer: 1,500kVA (3-phase 4-wire400/230V) Protective relay: OGVR, EFR, OCR, RPR

Data management and monitoring systems

1 set

To track the amount of power generated, input/output voltage from/to power conditioners, solar radiation, air temperature etc. as well as to record and display them in the specified format to be set

Personal computer LCD (15 inch or more) Data sensing instruments Signal transmitter UPS (Capacity of 10 minutes or more) Color printer (Size: up to A3 ) Application software for data monitoring

1 set To observe solar radiation. Pyranometer

1 set To observe air temperature. Thermometer

1 set To measure wind speed and wind direction.

Wind speed and direction sensor

1 set To measure humidity. Hygrometer

1 set To measure rainfall Rain Gauge

1 set To measure air pressure Barometer

Meteorological observation instruments

1 set To measure amount of evaporation Atmidometer

Large display 1 set To indicate power generated and meteorological data etc. for showcases

Size: not less than 100 inch (liquid crystal, PDP or LED)

Sign board 1 set To be installed at the intersection of the road to the airport as a showcase

8m x 4m

PV Information system

1 set To transmit data regarding power generated and meteorological data etc. to E-JUST website in real time

Server Network Equipment Application software UPS (Capacity of 10 minutes or more) Modem Media Converter Cables The Internet connection speed is not less than 8Mbps

1 set Instrument to measure insulation of cables and devices.

Insulation tester (Megger)

1 set Instrument to measure voltage, current and impedance of cables and devices.

Digital circuit tester

1 each Devices to check presence of voltage. Electrical Detector (for medium, low voltage)

1 No. Tool to operate disconnections equipped in switchgear panel.

Circuit disconnection rod

1 pair To avoid an electric shock. Insulated rubber gloves

1 pair To avoid an electric shock Insulated Rubber boots

Maintenance equipment

1 set Usual tools Kit of Tools

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2-2-3 Outline Design Drawings

According to the “2-2-2-2 Equipment plan”, the system diagram, equipment layout plan and design of frame structures for the PV system are attached on the next page.

PV-01 PV GENERATING SYSTEM DIAGRAM PV-02 PV MODULE LAYOUT PLAN PV-03 PV EQUIPMENT LAYOUT PLAN PV-04 WIRING SYSTEM FOR DORMITORIES PLAN A-01 ZONING PLAN 1 (ROOF LEVEL) A-02 ZONING PLAN 2 (FLOOR LEVEL) A-03 ATRIUM ROOF PLAN/ELEVATION A-04 PLAZA ELEVATION/SECTION A-05 PARKING ELEVATION/SECTION

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2-2-4 Implementation Plan

2-2-4-1 Implementation Policy

(1) Basic Points

1) Implementation scheme

This project shall be implemented according to the implementation scheme of the organizations concerned as illustrated in Fig. 2.8 and in accordance with the implementation procedures of GAEC.

Government of Japan

Supervision of Project

Implementatio

SupervisionProcurement

E/N

G/A

JICA

Contract for Procurement

Supplier

Agreement of Supervision & Soft Component

Supervision/ Soft Component Consultant

Government of Egypt

Procurement Agent

Embassy of Japan Consultative Committee

Ministry of Higher Education

Egypt Japan University of Science and Technology

JICA Egypt Office

Figure 2-8 Project Implementation Scheme

2) Exchange of Notes（E/N）

The contents of the GAEC shall be decided by the exchange of notes (E/N) to be signed between Egypt and GoJ. Project objectives, implementation schedule, terms and conditions, amount of grant and so on shall be enumerated in the E/N based on the confirmation.

3) Details of Procedures

Details of procedures on procurement and services under the GAEC will be agreed between the authorities of the two governments concerned at the time of the signing of the Grant Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “G/A”).

Essential points to be agreed are outlined as follows:

a) The purpose and budget of the project b) Period of the project c) Application of the Procurement Guidelines:

At procurement of products or services stage, “The Procurement Guidelines of

Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology

Supervision/ Soft Component

Consultant

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Japan's Programme Grant Aid for Environment and Climate” shall be applied d) The scope of works by the Recipient Country

4) The procurement Agency

The procurement agency shall be in charge of a series of procurement procedures, such as tender, contracts with consultants and suppliers in terms of construction and procurement, financial management of the project including payment, progress management etc. in accordance with the contract with the recipient country. Technical parts of the tender documents and supervision for construction and procurement are included in the scope of works by consultants for the project.

(2) Utilization of local transportation company

The project site is located in New Borg El Arab city, approximately 60 km west of Alexandria. The transportation routes are between Japan and Alexandria, and between Alexandria and E-JUST CLUB & MALL. It would be appropriate to employ a Japanese transportation company for the transportation between Japan and Alexandria to provide smooth and reliable equipment shipping to maintain the project schedule. On the other hand, between Alexandria and E-JUST CLUB & MALL, it would be effective to utilize local transportation companies under the supervision of the Japanese transportation company in order to achieve project installation work within the intended time period and with required quality because they are familiar with the local transportation situation.

(3) Utilization of local firms for equipment installation

Local companies (including local contractors) have no experience, sufficient knowledge or abilities to install PV system of the size to be procured by the project. Thus, a Japanese firm shall be the prime contractor of the project and oversee the entire installation work. It would be possible to carry out economical and high quality installation work by using local firms if they had been provided with appropriate training and guidance under the supervision of the prime contractor.

(4) Utilization of local consultants

Although there are some local consultants in Egypt which are capable of providing architectural and civil engineering services, there are no such local consultants that have sufficient knowledge of PV system or that can conduct the consulting service impartially. In general, it is evaluated that local consultants, including the architecture and civil engineering fields don’t have enough experience to become a prime consultant to handle a large scale project such as foreign assistance projects. For this reason, local consultants will be utilized as the sub-consultants of the Japanese consultant for the project and transfer of technologies will be provided to them through project implementation.

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2-2-4-2 Implementation Conditions

Local firms don’t have experience, sufficient knowledge or abilities required for the project. Thus, unpacking of equipment, construction of the frame structures and installation work are to be conducted by local firms after training by the Japanese PV system engineer. Adjustment of equipment, trial operation, and initial operation guidance for the PV system are to be conducted by the Japanese PV system engineer

2-2-4-3 Scope of Works

The scope of works by the Egyptian side is shown in the “Table 2-11 Scope of Works by the Project and Egyptian Side”.

Table 2-11 Scope of Works by the Project and Egyptian Side

No. Components To be covered by

the project To be covered by

Egyptian Side

1 Space for the installation of equipment and materials

2 Space for construction materials

3 Installation of electric substation and medium voltage lead-in cable

4 Cost of equipment and construction materials

5 Cost of packing and transporting equipment and construction materials

6 Cost of delivering, installing and adjusting equipment

7 Cost of construction for frame structures

8 Cost of soft components

9 Tax exemption

10 Space for temporary storage of equipment and construction materials and approach road during implementation period

11 Site office during implementation period

12 Site preparation (leveling, Earth fill)

13 Installation of security camera

14 Connection of power receiving panel for southern dormitories and E-JUST CLUB & MALL to the PV system

15 Connection between power receiving panel of existing northern dormitories and the PV system

16 Water supply work to the installation sites

17 Installation of fence

18 Garden work at PLAZA

2-2-4-4 Consultant Supervision

The Japanese consultant will engage in the supervision of the project pursuant to the following policies.

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• Since the PV system is composed of three components; the grid-connected systems, data management and monitoring systems and PV Information system, the consultants will confirm whether each systems' interface meets the requirements of the technical specifications.

• As the project site's area for the installation of equipment is quite large, the consultant will supervise the installation and construction works so as to enable the said works to be completed within the specified time schedule by monitoring the work progress as necessary.

• The consultant will monitor the progress of technology transfer to be provided by the supplier/contractor so that the staff of the Implementing Agency may be able to acquire reasonable know-how as to the installation, adjustment and testing of the equipment.

• The consultant will collect information related security and will share it with the supplier/contractor to assure the safety of their staff and personnel.

Under these policies, as part of the supervision work of the consultant for this project, the consultant will station one site representative at the project site and other engineers will be dispatched in accordance with the progress of the installation and construction works.

In Japan, during manufacturing or before shipping the equipment, the consultant will witness the testing and inspection of equipment and materials at manufacturers’ factories during manufacturing to confirm that the equipment and materials meet the specifications. The consultant will engage in the following supervision work;

• Confirmation and approval of manufacturing drawings, and necessary documents for equipment and materials

• Attending to factory tests • Supervising the progress and safety control of the supplier • Attending equipment installation, adjustment and trial-run • Approval of acceptance test procedures and plans • Attending the acceptance testing (final inspection) and issuing of completion certificates. • Executing technical assistance (Soft Component) • Preparation of monthly reports and completion reports to be submitted to the related

organizations.

2-2-4-5 Quality Control Plan

(1) Inspection and acceptance test implementation plan (equipment work)

1) Basic policy

During the period of manufacturing of the equipment, the Consultant will review all shop

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drawings for the equipment and installation and construction works to be submitted by the contractor in terms of conformity with the contract documents and technical specifications and give necessary approvals.

And further, during the period of the installation and construction works, the consultant will check the statement of methodology including implementation structure, installation and construction schedules, sequence of installation and construction, and so on, and provide the approvals.

2) Quality inspection by the Consultant

As for the quality inspection for the equipment, the following inspections and acceptance tests are to be conducted

a) Factory inspection

Prior to the shipment of the equipment out of the factory, each and all equipment are to be inspected as to their conformity with required specifications and performance tests for the systems are also conducted

b) Collation inspection prior to shipment

Though quantities of the principal equipment are to be confirmed at the time of the factory inspection, quantities of all equipment are also to be confirmed during collation inspection prior to shipment to be conducted by a third party inspection agency. Place of inspection is the manufacturer’s packing warehouse.

c) Acceptance test and handover

After completion of guidance on operation, E-JUST in the presence of the consultant, will verify required efficiency/performance and function. Acceptance testing is to be conducted by operating the actual PV system.

After completion of the acceptance tests, results of the tests are to be confirmed among the counterparts, the consultant and the contractor. Then, the project is to be handed over to E-JUST.

(2) Quality control plan (construction work)

1) Basic policy

At the time of preparation of the proposed tender documents, the outline design drawings are to be prepared after reviewing construction details using local materials and widely adopted local construction methods giving consideration to the construction situation in Egypt and the maintenance cost.

And, as for the technical specifications, references are made to Egyptian Standards,

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Japanese Architectural Standard Specifications (JASS), Japan Industrial Standards (JIS), British Standards (BS), and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and so on in order to secure high quality of the construction and installation works.

During construction period, the consultant will check all the submittals from the contractor such as the frame structures construction plans, the construction schedules, and shop drawings in terms of conformity of such submittals with the contract documents and technical specifications, and provide necessary approvals.

2) Quality inspection by the Consultant

On site, the consultant will reviews and/or examines the statement of methodology and material samples in terms of conformity of the construction materials and construction quality with the relevant technical specifications and gives necessary approvals prior to the commencement of each category of the construction work. And, after the commencement of each category of the construction work, the consultant will conduct inspections as necessary in accordance with check sheets highlighting important check points prepared based on the approved statement of methodology.

Although all construction materials used for the project can be procured locally, random inspection is to be conducted as necessary in order to secure the required quality in addition to obtaining manufacturer’s warranties.

a) Earth work and foundation work

Since the extent of the area for construction of the concrete foundations for installation of the PV modules is quite large, appropriate work plans and curing plans are to be prepared with consideration of earth excavation, curing of excavated surfaces, placing of concrete, backfilling and compaction and so on.

b) Re-bar work

The consultant will confirm the mill certificates prepared by the manufacturer and submitted by the contractor. At the same time, the consultant also will conduct random inspections of the reinforcing steel bars regarding the yield strength in terms of conformity with the relevant technical specifications.

The consultant will review the shop drawings and inspect re-bar arrangement regarding joints, anchorage, quantities, concrete coverage, and so on for each element of reinforced concrete structure.

c) Concrete work

There are several ready mixed concrete plants in New Borg El Arab city. They are located at a distance of within one hour by delivery truck from the project site and

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the daily production capacity, the materials storage condition and the quality control in production are acceptable. The items of inspections and their methodologies for quality control of concrete which shall be conducted by the contractor with the presence of the consultant are described as follows:

i) Materials for concrete Material Item to be inspected Method of inspection

Cement Hydration heat Dissolution heat Sand/ Gravel/ Crushed Stone Grading Sieve analysis Absolute dry specific gravity Specific gravity and water

absorption test

Alkali aggregate reaction Alkali-reactive test

Water Organic impurities etc. Water quality test

ii) Trial mix for ready-mixed concrete Item to be inspected Method of inspection

Assumption of compressive strength Compression test machine Slump Slump cone Concrete humidity Thermometer

Air content Manometer

Chloride volume Measuring instrument for salt

iii) Inspection before casting concrete Item to be inspected Method of inspection

Time taken for mixing and casting concrete Review log book / stop watch Slump Slump cone Concrete temperature Thermometer

Air contents Manometer

Chloride volume Chloride test paper

iv) Inspection of completed concrete work Item to be inspected Method of inspection

Compressive strength for structural concrete Schmidt hammer Accuracy / precision (plumb) Plum bob, measuring tape

Accuracy / precision (floor slab levelness) Auto level, measuring tape

Finish Visual inspection

d) Three dimensional truss construction

The consultant will confirm and monitor the safety in the construction site of the three dimensional truss utilizing temporary scaffolding. The consultant will inspect the three dimensional truss with specific inspection tools.

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2-2-4-6 Procurement Plan

(1) Suppliers of equipment and materials

The major items to be procured under the project are shown below;

Principal Equipment 1) PV Modules 2) Power Conditioners including insulating transformers or step up transformers

Non-principal Equipment 1) Connecting Box 2) Power Collecting Box 3) PV System Connection Board 4) Large Display 5) Sign Board 6) PV Information system (Server, network equipment and so on) 7) Data Management and Monitoring Systems (Personal Computer: Including data

processing software) 8) Meteorological observation Instruments (Pyranometer, Thermometer, Wind speed

and direction sensor, Rain Gauge, Barometer, Atmidometer) 9) Frame Structure 10) Power Cables 11) Control Cables 12) Earth materials 13) Maintenance equipment 14) Concrete materials for installation/construction

Taking into account the interface, compatibility, warranty and so on, each and all equipment concerning the PV system shall be procured as one complete set. Cables, cement, aggregate, reinforcing steel bars, mold forms and so on which fulfill the international standards are widely spread through local markets and are available. As for the frame structures, due to the span length and angle of the roof of ATRIUM, the three dimensional truss structure is applied. The three dimensional truss is to be imported and installed by local staff under the supervision of international engineers considering insufficient welding performance and inspection capability of joints in Egypt.

(2) Procurement plan

The procurement contract includes responsibility for design, manufacture, coating, factory testing and inspection, packing, transportation, installation and testing, by the suppliers, acceptance inspection pursuant to the specification of equipment prepared by

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the consultant, and delivery after fully confirming the operation by site tests and inspection. The suppliers will obtain approval for inland transportation and installation, prepare necessary materials for work at each site, and fully discuss with E-JUST.

(3) Transportation plan

1) Equipment and materials to be procured in Egypt

As for equipment and materials to be procured in Egypt (mostly construction materials for equipment installation and architectural works), the contractor/supplier shall purchase them from local firms and deliver them to project site.

2) Equipment and materials to be procured in Japan

Equipment and materials to be procured in Japan are to be shipped from the port of Yokohama to the port of Alexandria and carried on trucks from the port of Alexandria to the project site. The port of Alexandria is well operated ports and deals with large amounts of port products. The delivery from the port of Alexandria to the project site generally takes two hours on trucks without trouble or difficulty.

3) Classification of equipment transportation

As for the inland transportation in Alexandria, trailers or container trucks are adopted for delivery of equipment and materials. Considering the procurement of local trucks and transportation route, 20 feet containers which are less than 23 tons in total weight are to be adopted.

2-2-4-7 Operational Guidance Plan

As the PV system with the power generating capacity of 420kw is to be introduced for the first time for E-JUST, it is indispensable to provide guidance on initial operation in order to realize sustainable operation of the PV system. The initial operation guidance plan for the project is as follows.

(1) Contents of Initial Operation Guidance

The initial operation guidance will be given to the operation and maintenance staff from E-JUST by the engineers who have been engaged in the installation work for the PV system which consists of the PV modules, the relay terminal boxes, and the power conditioners which are the main components of the PV system, along with the data management and monitoring systems, the large display, the meteorological observation instruments and PV Information system and the distribution board which are supplementary equipment. The contents and methods of the initial operation guidance are as shown in “Table 2-12 Initial Operation Guidance for the PV system” below.

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Table 2-12 Initial Operation Guidance for the PV system

Item Contents Guidance Method Initial Operation Guidance

• To provide guidance on visual inspection items for the PV modules confirmation of module connections, and measurement of grounding resistance.

• To provide guidance on visual inspection items for the connecting box, power collection box, lightning arrestor and PV system connection board confirmation of their connection with the PV modules and the power conditioners confirmation of insulation resistance, open voltage, polarity, etc.

• To provide guidance on visual inspection items for the connecting box, power collection box, lightning arrestor and PV system connection board confirmation of their connection with relay terminal boxes and substation equipment, confirmation of insulation resistance and phase rotation, method of measurement of grounding resistance, etc.

• To provide guidance on visual inspection items for substation equipment confirmation of connection with power conditioners and main incoming cable, insulation resistance, grounding resistance, phase rotation, etc.

• To provide guidance on protection switching gear and relays to be equipped with the power conditioners and substation equipment confirmation of their functions and method of setting.

• To provide guidance on method of operation and shut-off, and method of measurement such as voltage of power to be generated and received.

• To provide guidance on connection between the personal computer (PC) and the power conditioners, the large display, and operation of the data management and monitoring systems, PV Information system and the large display.

• To provide guidance on connection of the watt-hour meter and reading quantity of power being generated, power demand and quantity of power being sold through the grid.

• To provide guidance on visual inspection items for meteorology observation instruments, confirmation of their connection, and collection and handling the data.

Initial Operation: To explain equipment operation and provide guidance including on-the-job training for equipment handling and operation by using the operation manuals and to confirm trainees’ learning level. Operation: To practice system operation and daily and regular inspections as well as data collection and analysis by using manufacturers’ shop drawings, operation manuals, schematic diagrams, etc and to confirm trainees’ learning level.

(2) Implementation Plan

After installing, setting and trial operation for the PV system at the project site, the initial operation guidance is to be conducted for fifteen days at the site by the engineers.

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2-2-4-8 Soft Component (Technical Assistance) Plan

(1) Necessity of the Soft-Component Works (technical assistance)

E-JUST will operate and maintain the grid-connected photovoltaic system for the first

time. Therefore, it is necessary for operation and management staff to understand the basic principles and operation procedures of the PV system. Furthermore, the work flow consisting of collection, compilation, analysis and recording with respect to power generating and meteorological data must be formulated.

It is indispensable to communicate and collaborate with AEDC in order to ensure secure, stable and safe operation of the PV system which is connected to the grid owned by AEDC.

Accordingly, the JICA study team proposed implementation of a soft component for E-JUST and AEDC, aiming at smooth and sustainable operation of the PV system.

(2) Goals of the Soft Component

Goals of the soft component are as follows;

1) The trainees obtain the ability to appropriately operate and maintain the PV system 2) The trainees obtain the ability to operate the interconnection system to the grid

including the countermeasures to address system troubles 3) The trainees obtain the ability to utilize the power generating and meteorological

data

(3) Contents of the Soft Component

The contents of the Soft Component training program consist of three groups as follows: 1) Operation and maintenance of the PV system 2) Operation and maintenance of the interconnection system to the grid, and 3) Utilization of power generating and meteorological data from the PV system.

1) Operation and maintenance of the PV system

Contents

a) Technical guidance on basic theory and structure of the PV system

b) Technical guidance on the function and features of the main equipment such as the PV modules, connection boxes, the power conditioners and so on.

c) Technical guidance on troubleshooting of the PV system d) Technical guidance on daily and periodic inspection for the PV system e) Technical guidance on earth and insulation measurements for the PV system f) Technical guidance on replacement of equipment for the PV system g) Guidance on financial plans for the operation and maintenance for the PV system

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Target group (trainees)

No. Target group(trainees) No. of trainees

1 E-JUST Operation and management staff for equipment

2 E-JUST Operation and management staff for PV Information system

12

3 AEDC Operation and management staff for Electricity distribution and distribution transformers of the grid

6

Total 18

Training method

The trainees will attend lectures using operating, work-flow and troubleshooting manuals and on-the-job training by actually operating the PV system.

Training period ：10 days

2) Operation and maintenance of the interconnection system to the grid

Contents

a) Technical guidance on equipment configuration of the electric substation which is

the connection point to the grid b) Technical guidance on the functions and features of the circuit breakers, protection

equipment, transformers, and measurement equipment c) Troubleshooting of the interconnection system to the grid d) Technical guidance on daily and periodic inspection of the interconnection system to

grid e) Technical guidance on earth and insulation measurements for the interconnection

system to the grid f) Technical guidance on replacement of equipment for the interconnection system to

the grid g) Technical guidance on setting and operation for reverse power flow h) Technical guidance on replacement of equipment for the interconnection system

Training Period

No. Target group(trainees) No. of trainees 1 E-JUST

Operation and management staff for equipment 2 E-JUST

Operation and management staff for PV Information system

12

3 AEDC Operation and management staff for Electricity distribution and distribution transformer of the grid

6

Total 18

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Training method

The trainees will attend lectures using operating, work-flow, troubleshooting manuals and contact information for E-JUST and AEDC, and on-the-job training by actually operating the interconnection system and the PV system.

Training Period ：10 days

3) Utilization of power generating and meteorological data from the PV system

Contents

a) Technical guidance on configuration of measurement equipment for power generating

b) Technical guidance on equipment configuration and function of the PV Information system

c) Technical guidance on configuration, function and features of the meteorological measurement equipment

d) Technical guidance on data collecting and handling methods in relation to power generating and meteorological data

e) Technical guidance on analysis and evaluation skill of power generating and meteorological data

f) Technical guidance on public relations activity for the large display and E-JUST website showing graph of power generating and meteorological data

g) Technical guidance on replacement of equipment for PV Information system

Target group (trainees)

No. Target group(trainees) No. of trainees

1 E-JUST Operation and management staff for equipment

2 E-JUST Operation and management staff for PV Information system

12

Total 12

Training method

The trainees will attend lectures using operating, work-flow and troubleshooting manuals and on-the-job training by actually operating the measurement instruments and the PV Information system.

Training period ：20 days

2-2-4-9 Implementation Schedule

The most rational implementation schedule for the procurement and installation work of the project is as shown below. Total project implementation period will be 16 months, which is 4

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months for detailed design and tender process, 11 months for procurement and 1.5 months for the soft component.

Table 2-13 Implementation Schedule

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2-3 Obligations of the Recipient Country

Upon the implementation of the project as a grant aid from Japan, Egypt shall be responsible for those items indicated in “Table 2-11 Scope of Works by the Project and Egyptian Side”. Both governments of Japan and Egypt have confirmed the needs for taking the following measures.

(1) Undertakings to be borne by the Egyptian side

1) Tax exemption

The Egyptian Authority will exempt customs duties, domestic taxes and other charges for Japanese nationals entering into the recipient country to procure and install the equipment and materials and based on the procurement contract of the project and to implement various activities. The Egyptian Authority will also facilitate prompt processing of customs clearance of procured equipment and materials, and exempt such equipment and materials from import duties and VAT for such equipment and materials

2) Convenience provision

To accord Japanese nationals, whose services may be required in connection with the

Site Survey

Manufacturing

Transportation

Installation

11 months

1.5 months

4 months Preparation for Tender Document

Tender, Evaluation

Frame Structure Construction

Design

Procurement/

installation SoftC

omponent

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supply of the products and the services under the verified contract, such conveniences as may be necessary for their entry into Egypt and stay therein for the performance of their work.

3) Banking Arrangement (B/A), Authorization to Pay (A/P)

The Egyptian Authority will open a bank account in its name at a Japanese bank and issue Authorization to pay (A/P) to the bank. Based on the Banking Arrangement (B/A), the Egyptian side shall bear an advising commissions of an Authorization to Pay and payment commissions to the Bank.

4) Environmental Impact Assessment

In Egypt, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) should be approved at least 4 months before the start of the construction and it generally takes 2 to 6 months from application stage to approval. It’s already confirmed that for this project an official form of EIA is not needed. Instead, it’s necessary to fill in simpler form of EIA, which is generally called an “EIA Form”, and get approval. E-JUST will manage and conduct the whole process concerning the EIA Form.

(2) Works by the Egyptian Side

1) Installation of electric substation and medium voltage lead-in cables

In order to supply the power generated by the PV system and E-JUST CLUB & MALL, a new electric substation and lead-in cables to provide medium voltage electricity into the new electric substation have to be installed. It was confirmed that the above said works shall be conducted by the Egyptian side. However, the power receiving panel of the existing northern 14 units of dormitories will be connected to the PV system by the project. After completion of E-JUST CLUB & MALL and southern dormitories construction, the Egyptian side shall connect the PV system to them.

2) Water pipe work

In order for cleaning of the PV modules after sand storms and to supply the fire hydrant at PARKING area, a water pipe shall be led in to each installation site.

3) Installation of security camera

A security camera system is already planned in E-JUST CLUB & MALL site by the Egyptian side. A security camera for the PV system shall be installed in consideration of the PV system layout plan.

4) Installation of fence

Since the PV modules will be installed adjacent to the existing dormitories at PARKING

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area, a fence shall be installed due to security reasons.

5) Site preparation

Since the ground level of the installation sites for the PV system in E-JUST CLUB & MALL is lower than the level of the main entrance road in front of E-JUST CLUB & MALL, site preparation such as filling, compaction and leveling etc. shall be conducted.

6) Exterior works

A garden is planned in the middle of PLAZA which will be done by the Egyptian side.

2-4 Project Operation Plan

2-4-1 Operation and Maintenance Plan

The operation and maintenance structure and inspection items for the PV system are as follows.

(1) Operation and Maintenance Structure

The operation and maintenance will be managed and conducted by the Department of Energy Resource & Environmental Engineering and the previously cited operation and maintenance group consisting of 12 staff (4 engineers and 8 technical staff)

It is advisable to assign the staff with a background in the engineering field such as electricity, mechanics, telecommunications and so on for the operation and maintenance.

(2) The PV system Inspection Items

The main items of regular inspection and cleaning (once a month or more) are as follows. These items should be managed mainly by engineers and conducted by technical staff.

1) Visual inspection: the PV modules, the connection box, the power conditioners and

so on 2) Other works: Cleaning

The main items of periodical inspection (twice a year or more) are as follows. These items were managed mainly by engineers and conducted by technical staff.

1) Visual and finger touch inspection: the PV modules, the connection box, the power conditioners, etc.

2) Insulation resistance measuring: the connection box, the power conditioners, the switchgear etc.

3) Open voltage test: the relay terminal box

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(3) The PV Information system Inspection Items

• Daily Inspection 1) Monitoring the operation by PC 2) Security management 3) Data backup

• Troubleshooting (In case of trouble) 1) Recovery from failure 2) Operating check

2-5 Project Cost Estimation

2-5-1 Initial Cost Estimation

1) Installation of the electric substation and medium voltage lead-in cables : EGP 855,000 (under re-examination by Egyptian side)

2) Water pipe work : EGP 4,910 3) Installation of security camera : EGP 120,000 4) Installation of fence : EGP 18,446 5) Site preparation : EGP 198,380 6) Garden works at PLAZA : EGP 21,585

2-5-2 Operation and Maintenance Cost

The PV system for the project consist of the PV modules, the power conditioners, the meteorological observation instruments, the data management and monitoring systems, the PV Information system, the large display, substation equipment, etc. Since all items except for the substation equipment are newly installed, items for operation and maintenance cost are as follow:

(1) Saving of electricity cost by power generated by the PV system

Annual power generation is estimated to be 641,000kWh, equivalent to an electricity cost of 289,000 Egyptian Pounds (Only E-JUST and other public bodies can receive benefit from the power generated by the PV system)

(2) Electricity cost for the data management and monitoring system, the large display, etc.

Electricity cost of 57,400 Egyptian Pounds is estimated to be required annually for operating the data management and monitoring systems and the large display (100 inch), lighting including ATRIUM, PLAZA and PARKING area, maintenance room, and the sign board at night.

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(3) Labor cost for cleaning of the PV modules

Labor cost of 4,900 Egyptian Pounds is estimated to be required annually to clean the PV modules (420kW) once a month.

(4) Personal expense for operation and maintenance staff for the PV system

A total of 12 maintenance staff under the operation and maintenance structure (regular inspection and cleaning, periodical inspection and so on) will be available for not only the PV system but also all the equipment for E-JUST CLUB & MALL and the dormitories. The personnel expense of 72,000 Egyptian Pounds is estimated to be required

(5) Water charge for cleaning of the PV modules

The water charge of 1,600 Egyptian Pounds is estimated to be required annually for the cleaning of the PV modules (420kW) once a month.

(6) The Internet connection cost

The Internet connection cost of 3,270 Egyptian Pounds is estimated to be required annually to transmit the power generating and meteorological data to E-JUST website.

(7) Consumable materials cost

The data management and monitoring system measurement includes the ink jet printer. The cost of ink cartridges to be replaced twice a year is estimated at 8,030 Egyptian Pounds.

The maintenance costs mentioned above are summarized in “Table 2-14 Maintenance Cost for the Project”.

Table 2-14 Maintenance Cost for the Project (Unit: Egyptian Pounds)

Item expenditure

Saving of electricity cost by power generated by the PV system -289,000

Electricity cost for the data management and monitoring system, the large display, etc. 57,400

Labor cost for cleaning of the PV modules 4,900

Personnel expense for operation and maintenance staff for the PV system 72,000

Water charge for cleaning of the PV modules 1,600

The Internet connection cost 3,270

Consumable materials cost 8,030

Total Maintenance Cost 147,200

Balance -141,800

Note: 1 Egyptian Pounds = JPY 16

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2-6 Other Relevant Issues

E-JUST CLUB & MALL construction work includes installation of the new substation connected to the PV system to be installed by the project scheduled from July 2010 and to December 2011. The completion of E-JUST CLUB & MALL construction work is planned to be earlier than the completion of installation of the PV system. However, it’s important to monitor the progress so as to implement the construction work of E-JUST CLUB & MALL without delay. If E-JUST CLUB & MALL construction is not completed before the completion of the PV system, there can be no connection of the PV system, this means that the PV system can’t connect to the to the grid and provide the power generated by the PV system to E-JUST CLUB & MALL facilities and the dormitories.

Table 2-15 Schedule for the Project and E-JUST CLUB & MALL

9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

JICA Project

Tender/Evaluation

Supervision

Soft Component

E-JUST Club & Mall Construction

North side domitories

South side dormitories Construction

Remarks

2009 2010 2011 2012

Schedule

Year/Month

Operation

Testing

Therefore, if E-JUST CLUB & MALL construction including the electric substation will not be completed before the completion of installation of the PV system, the power receiving panels of the existing dormitories shall be connected to the PV system by the project. After completion of E-JUST CLUB & MALL and southern dormitories construction, the Egyptian side shall connect the PV system to them. In addition, the project and E-JUST CLUB & MALL construction will be implemented in parallel, therefore, the construction plan in consideration of safety and security, which has enough spaces for construction yards consisting of temporary storage yards and workshops, and access road shall be formulated with support of E-JUST.

CHAPTER 3

PROJECT EVALUATION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

3-1

Chapter 3 Project Evaluation and Recommendations

3-1 Project Effect

(1) Expected Effect

The following “Table 3-1 Project Effect” shows the specific effects (results) expected to be achieved by the implementation of the project.

Table 3-1 Project Effect

Present situation and problems

Countermeasure by the project

Direct Effects Indirect Effect/Degree

of improvement

① Egypt is insufficient in ability and fund to pursue both Green house gas (GHG) reduction and economic development

② There is a need for utilization of renewable energy due to an expectation that domestic oil and natural gas will run out by 2020.

① Introduction of the grid connected solar PV system

② Soft Component (Technical assistance) for operation and maintenance of the above said system

① Annual reduction of 359.6 (t-CO2/year) in green house gas (GHG) emission (Refer to the Table 3-3)

② Showcase effect that the PV system is shown to 108 million people per year

① Contribution to the upper level plan and promotion of dissemination and expansion of PV system in Egypt

② Contribution to the research and development of renewable energy in E-JUST and fostering of related industries in Egypt.

(2) Showcase effect

Since the PV system will be installed in the compound of E-JUST CLUB & MALL, showcase effect to the users, visitor and neighbors of E-JUST CLUB & MALL is expected. Moreover, it is planned to build a signboard as advertisement of the PV system at the intersection to the Borg El Arab airport where annual visitors of 1 million people are expected due to facility expansion. Therefore, showcase effect is expected not only for the staff, users and visitors of E-JUST CLUB & MALL, but also for the public and tourists in Alexandria city.

Table 3-2 Index of Showcase Effect

No. Installation site Index

① PV system E-JUST CLUB

& MALL in New Borg El Arab city, 60km west of Alexandria

(1) E-JUST CLUB & MALL users and visitors：3,000～3,500 persons/day1 3,000persons×30days×12monthes＝Total 1,080,000 persons

(2) All the staff and students of E-JUST：Total 2,518 persons • Professor：196 persons • Researcher：672 persons • Student：1,400 persons • Others： 250 persons

(3) E-JUST dormitory inhabitants：560 rooms×2 persons/room＝1,120 persons 1 This calculation is based on regulation of large-scale retail stores by METI in Japan

3-2

No. Installation site Index

② Signboard Intersection of

the entrance road to the Borg El Arab airport

Vehicle Traffic： Approx 2,236 cars/hour2 × 8hours× 30days×12monthes=6,439,680 cars/year (Estimation)

(3) Reduction of CO2 emission

By introducing the PV system, reduction of CO2 emission of 359.6t-CO2/year will be achieved which is equivalent to the CO2 absorbing ability of 21,300 cedar trees or saving of 100,500 m3 natural gas.

Table 3-3 Reduction in Environmental Burden

Power generation capacity of the PV system 420 kW

Annual power generation 641,000kWh/year

Reduction of Green house gas emission (t-CO2/year)

359.6 t- CO2/year 641,000×0.561/1,000=359.6

Life cycle green house gas reduction (t-CO2/year) (g- CO2/kW/)

298.3 t-CO2/year (518.8-53.4) ×641,000/1,000,000= 298.32 Combined Cycle Gas Turbine：518.8

PV power generation：53.4

Contribution to the natural environment (Converted to absorbing ability of cedar trees)

Approx 21,300 trees 298.3t÷0.014t/trees= 21,307

Contribution to the natural environment (Converted to absorbing ability of forest)

Approx 83ha 298.3t÷3.57=83.55ha

Contribution to the natural environment (Converted to reduction in oil usage)

Approx 145,500 L（Approx 8,080 cans (of 18L)）641,000×0.227L=145,507

Contribution to the natural environment (Converted to reduction in natural gas usage)

Approx 100,500m3 641,000×0.1568t/m3=100,508 m3

Source: Prepared by the JICA study team based on coefficients provided by New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Japan

As a whole, it is summarized that the introduction of the large scale grid connected PV system to Egypt for the first time under this project is expected to lead to the following effects;

• 359.6t of Annual CO2 emission reduction • Promotion of PV system in Egypt • Eventually contributing to achievement of the goal of the upper level plan eventually

which is to cover 20% of total domestic electricity demand by renewable energy by 2020.

• Contributing to the world climate change policies as a member of the Cool Earth Partnership.

2 Measured during 12:00-13:00 of 9th Feb. 2010

3-3

• Fostering of PV related industries in Egypt by contributing to the research and development of renewable energy in E-JUST

3-2 Recommendations

3-2-1 Issues to be addressed by the recipient country and recommendations

To attain the long term effect brought by the project, the following items shall be taken into account after implementation of the project.

1) Egypt has aggressively promoted to installation of renewable energy such as solar thermal and wind power aggressively. Under such situation, it is essentially important to use the PV system by the project as a jump start to promote to dissemination of PV power generation. Therefore, it is highly recommended that a policy for introduction of renewable energy such as preferential taxation, subsidy, Feed-in Tariffs (FIT) or Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is formulated as quickly as possible.

2) As for operation and maintenance of the PV system, E-JUST takes charge of parts of PV power generation and AEDC takes charge of parts of interconnection to grid. In order to sustain to operation of the PV system, Establishment of an operational structure cooperating with AEDC, and drafting of an operation and maintenance plan including equipment renewal plan, in addition to capacity building for operation and maintenance staff of E-JUST and AEDC are required. These items are covered by the Soft Component program of the project at first, however, initiative to take action on their own regarding operation and maintenance is needed after implementation of the program.

3) It’s expected to cost approximately 147,200EGP annually for operation and maintenance of the PV system. Though energy cost of approximately 289,000EGP will be saved by the PV system, annual budgets for operation and maintenance has to be planned and allocated every year.

3-2-2 Technical cooperation and tie-up with other donors

Technical and economic assistance by Japan, international organizations and other developed

countries is essential for dissemination of PV power generation such as installation of PV system to residential buildings, working places and offices and establishment of PV power plants by private companies. Therefore, in addition to technical assistance by Japanese private companies and other possible bodies through international organizations such as PV panel manufacturers, institutionalization of grid connected PV system including reverse power flow, high performance and large scale battery system, Smart Grid and so on, financial assistance is also necessary.

final report on the preparatory survey (outline design) on introduction ... · introduction of...

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