final report of qingdao

7/23/2019 Final Report of Qingdao

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School of Civil Engineering

Elastic-plastic and rock mechanic

Summitted to: Summitted by:

Prof. Yonghong Wang Chinny Lyheang

ID: 15129120

Qingdao Visiting Report

2015-2016


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Preface

Firstly, I would like to thank Professor Yonghong Wang who suggest me and my

classmates for visiting the great civil engineering project in China. I also thank Dean of Civil

Engineering School and Professor Yanyong Xiang for the approval and preparation for the

visiting to Qingdao. Last, I also thank Mr. Du Wen for guiding me to the very special places in

Qingdao during the visiting. This report below will tell some of the brief information of my

visiting places which are related to civil engineering field in Qingdao.


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I.Introduction

Qingdao is a major city in eastern Shandong Province, China. Qingdao is located

between east longitude 199o30 to 121o00 and north latitude 35o35 to 37o09 lying on the

southern coast of Shandong Peninsula. Administered at thesub-provincial level,Qingdao has

jurisdiction over seven districts and five county-level cities. According to the2010 census,the

city's seven urban districts have 4.53 million inhabitants, while the total population of thesub-

provincial city is up to 8.71 million and covering an area of 10,654 km2. Lying across the

Shandong Peninsula and looking out to the Yellow Sea, it borders Yantai to the

northeast,Weifangto the west andRizhaoto the southwest.

Qingdao is a major seaport,naval base,and industrial center. The world's longest sea

bridge, theJiaozhou Bay Bridge,links the main urban area of Qingdao withHuangdao district,

straddling theJiaozhou Bay sea areas. It is also the site of theTsingtao Brewery,the second

largest brewery in China.

Qingdao is one of the top ten vigorous economic cities in China, a city as a jewel on the

coast of the Yellow Sea, a classic of the World Architecture, famous for beer, and a piece of

opened-up hot-land. It once won the laurel of most vigorous economic cities in Chinaby the

CCTV and Entrepreneur Satisfaction Award thanks to so many world-famous brands and

excellent economic strength.

In 2007, Qingdao was named as among China's top ten cities by the Chinese Cities Brand

Value Report, which was released at the 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum. In 2009,

Qingdao was named China's most livable city by the Chinese Institute of City Competitiveness.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-provincial_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-provincial_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-provincial_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-provincial_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-provincial_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-provincial_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-provincial_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yantaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yantaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weifanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weifanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weifanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizhaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizhaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizhaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangdaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsingtao_Breweryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsingtao_Breweryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangdaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_basehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizhaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weifanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yantaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-provincial_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-provincial_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-provincial_cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong


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II. Visiting Qingdao

During the visiting to Qingdao from 30st Friday, 31st Saturday of October and 1st

November 2015, I have been to many symbolic and exiting places of Qingdao city. In the first

day, I went visit May Fourth Square subway station which is in construction and QingdaoInternational Sailing Centre. Second day, we have a visit of some symbolic monuments and

other tourist spot of the Qingdao. For the last day, we have seen a Chinese longest subsea tunnel,

which is called Tsingtao Jiaozhouwan Subsea Tunnel, and a longest oversea bridge, which is

named Jiaozhou Bay Bridge.

1. Fourth Square subway station

The construction of the two line, Line M3 and Line M2, started on November 30, 2009.

With 13 billion Yuan ($1.9 billion) of funding, it is expected to be completed in late 2015 witha total of 22 stations, a total length of 25.1 km and a daily ridership of 235,000 passengers. Line

M3 will runs from the Shi Nan Railway Station past Bathing Beach Number One and the city

government, nearMay Fourth Square,north up to Cheng Yang District and the new Jiaozhou

Bay Bridge. And Line M2 will runs from the TaiHangShan Road past Huangdao District

Government, XueJiaDao, Qingdao ShiNan Railway Station, Taidong, City Government, Beer

City, Licun, and Licang East.
http://www.qingdaochinaguide.com/attractions/museums-history/may-4th-square.htmlhttp://www.qingdaochinaguide.com/attractions/museums-history/may-4th-square.html


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Fourth Square Qingdao Subway Line in Construction

For this station it has two lines there are:

Line 2

Line 3

And it has 8 fly stairs. The height is around 11m there are two floors for first floor is 6.5m and

for second floor is 4.5m. The width has 5 piles and distance from one pile to pile is 7.4m. The

length has 30 piles and distance from one pile to pile is 8m.For column they use pile.

Capacity of one pile can support 50kN and pile is made from the composite concrete with

tube section inside it and diameter of pile 0.8m. For beam they use T-section with web 1m

and the height of beam is 1m. For long span of slab is 7.4m x 8m.

Column , Stair and Beam of Station

2. Tsingtao Jiaozhouwan Subsea Tunnel


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Qingdao Bay Transportation Line

Tsingdao Jiaozhouwan subsea tunnel is an important pass way to join the main city of

Qingdao and suburb city, connecting with the Xuejiadao in the south and Tuandao in the north,

going through the gulf mouth sea area of Jiaozhouwan. The total length of the tunnel is 6. 17km

(3.83 mi), which the tunnel under the sea is 3.95km. It is an urban throughway tunnel, set up in

six two-way lanes, 3-lanes for each. The time limit for the project was 47 months

expected.Construction began on December 27, 2006 and was complete five years later when it

opened on July 1, 2011, two months after the schedule opening date. The investment was about

total 3480 million RMB.


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The road tunnel were set in two separate tunnels. The service tunnel was set in the middle of

two tunnels, which the center distance of two tunnels in subsea part was 55m. The lowest

position of tunnel was pumping station, both sides in seashore were wind tower. Control center

and toll station were constructed near the exit of tunnel, and tunnel mechanical and electronic

equipment, together with other establishments, were constructed at the same time.

Using the project analogy method together with numerical simulation, the minimum

rock-cover thickness of subsea tunnel is determined about 25~30m. According to the analyses

of traffic ability, driving security, tunnel cover thickness and ventilation, the maximum grade

of 3.9% was accepted in this tunnel.


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3. Jiaozhou Bay Bridge

Jiaozhou Bay Bridge is a 26.7 km long roadway bridge in eastern China's Shandong

province, which is part of the 41.58 km Jiaozhou Bay Connection Project. As of December2012,Guinness World Records lists the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge as the world's longest bridge over

water at 41.58 km.

The Jiaozhou Bay Bridge transects Jiaozhou Bay which reduces the road distance

betweenQingdao andHuangdaoby 30 km compared to the expressway along the coast of the

bay, reducing travel time by 20 to 30 minutes. The design of the bridge is T-shaped with the

main entry and exit points in Huangdao and the Licang District of Qingdao. A branch

toHongdao Island is connected by asemi-directional "T" interchange to the main span. The

construction used 450,000 tons of steel and 2.3 million cubic meters of concrete. The bridge is

designed to be able to withstand severe earthquakes, typhoons, and collisions from ships. It is

supported by 5,238 concrete piles. The cross section consists of two beams in total 35 m wide

carrying six lanes with two shoulders.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangdao_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licang_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hongdao_Island&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchange_(road)#Semi-directional_T_interchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchange_(road)#Semi-directional_T_interchangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hongdao_Island&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licang_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangdao_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong


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The Jiaozhou Bay Bridge has three navigable sections: the Cangkou Channel Bridge to

the west, the Dagu Channel Bridge to the east, and the Hongdao Channel Bridge to the north.

The 600 meters long Cangkou Channel Bridge has with 260 m the largest span of the entire

Jiaozhou Bay Bridge. The Hongdao Channel Bridge has a span of 120 m. The non-navigable

sections of the bridge have a span of 60 m.

III.

Conclusion

After visiting the Qingdao especially the bridge and tunnel, I have seen that the civil

engineering in China develops very fast and have much facilitated to the transportation. In the

past time, the people lived in Huangdao, Jiaozhou and Jiaonan took over thousand kilometers

by highway or nearly 4 to 5 hours by ferry to reach Shinan which is the administration district

of Qingdao. But nowadays they gain lot of advantages both of money and times because they

just take only 15 minutes by tunnel and over 30 minutes by the bridge . These two projects are

the essential facilities for the development of communication inside the Qingdao city. They are


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the ways to connect the people between the Qingdao Bay sides. They are also the vast project

of civil engineering and are the experience of the project in field of civil engineering.

IV. Reference

1/. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao2/.Slide presentation of Tsingtao Jiaozhouwan Subsea Tunnel by Prof. Yonghong Wang

3/. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao_Jiaozhou_Bay_tunnel

4/. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay_Bridge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay_Bridgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay_Bridge

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