FINAL REPORT

National Agricultural Innovation Project(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)

VALUE CHAIN ON FLOWERS FORDOMESTIC AND EXPORT MARKETS

(Project Code: 4058)

FINAL REPORT

National Agricultural Innovation Project(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)

(Project Code: 4058)

VALUE CHAIN ON FLOWERS FORDOMESTIC AND EXPORT MARKETS

ICAR

Xkk Ap ¢Tkn U

Department of Floriculture & LandscapingHorticultural College & Research Institute

Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore - 3

2014

Department of Floriculture & LandscapingHorticultural College & Research Institute

Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore - 3

2014

Printed on : April 2014

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: 2 (Production to Consumption System)

: Dr. M. Jawaharlal. 2014. Final Report of NAIP sub-project 'Value chain on flowers fordomestic and export markets', Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, India.92p

: The information presented herein is contribution of the Consortia

: © Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. All rights reserved.Reproduction of materials in this report for educational or other non-commercial purposesis permitted provided the source is fully acknowledged

: Department of Floriculture & Landscaping,Horticultural College & Research Institute,

Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore - 3

Phone No. 0422-2444625/ 6611230; e-mail:jawaharflori@yahoo.com

Web : www.naiptnauflowers.com

: Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Consortium Principal Investigator and Dr. M. Ganga Co-PrincipalInvestigator

: Dr. M. Jawaharlal, M. Kannan, M. Ganga, M. Kalyanasundaram,S. Nakkeeran, D P. Muthulakshmi, N. Venkatesa Palanichamy, D. Suresh

Kumar, S.T. Bini Sundar, S. Karthikeyan, M.Visalakshi, R. Ravikumar, S. Ganesh

: Mr. Surendranath Rayaprolu

: Mr. N. Elango, M/s.AVT Natural Products Ltd., Sathyamangalam

Mr. P. Rajaram, M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd., Salem

Mr. K. Sethumadhavan, M/s. Vanguard Exports, Coimbatore

Mr. V. Venkatesh, M/s. ElkhillAgrotech Pvt. Ltd., Ooty

(Clock wise) : 1) Export packaging of jasmine flowers

2) Hands on training on dry flower making

3) Precision production of carnation

4) Precision production of marigold

Dr. Dr. Dr.Dr. r. Dr. Dr.

Dr. Dr. Dr. S.P. Thamarai Selvi, Dr.Dr. Dr.

Printed at

Sreedevi Lithographics66, Thiruvalluvar Nagar, EdayarpalayamCoimbatore - 641 025

TAMIL NADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

With the floriculture scenario experiencing rapid changes, India's floriculture sector is keeping

pace with the global trends. Considerable efforts are now underway to gear up the country's

agricultural status and one of these noteworthy efforts is the implementation of the National

Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) “Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets” of

the ICAR. I am happy and proud that the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University was bestowed with the

valuable opportunity of implementing one such project entitled 'Value chain on flowers for domestic

and export markets' with the aim of promoting floriculture.

The fact that the scientist's team has successfully implemented the project in the National arena

gives me greater happiness and this Final Report which is a document of the efforts taken and the

achievements made by the project team is a strong proof to the successful implementation of the

project.

I congratulate Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Consortium Principal Investigator and his team for their

commendable efforts in implementing the project on 'Consortia approach' as per the requirements of

the NAIP and fulfilling all the objectives of the sanctioned proposal. Besides, I extend my wishes to

them for making remarkable achievements including attempts of patenting the 'Export packaging

technology of jasmine' and disseminating floriculture technologies through 71 training programmes to

3798 stakeholders including flower growers, entrepreneurs, women self help groups, unemployed

youth, etc. Further, creation of a strong public-private partnership through the project and

establishment of a strong Floriculture Research and Development infrastructure in the parent

organization (TNAU) with the financial support of the NAIP have paved way for sustainability of the

project.

I am sure that this project will be a reliable model for the successful and reliable public-private

partnership projects for Horticulture development.

Dr. K. Ramasamy, Ph.D.Vice Chancellor

FOREWORD

Coimbatore - 641 003Tamil Nadu, India

Tel : Off: +91 422 2431788 Res: +91 422 2430887 Fax: +91 422 2431672 Email : vc@tnau.ac.in

Place : Coimbatore - 641 003Date : 16.04.2014

There would not have been a more ideal time than this, when India's floriculture industry is growing in

leaps and bounds and there would not have been a greater opportunity than this project, to work for the

promotion of floriculture.

Implementation of the NAIP project “Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets”

was a very valuable and worthy opportunity to contribute whatever was possible by us for the

strengthening of floriculture. The entire course starting from the time taken for preparation and

refinement of the sub-project proposal till the preparation of this Final Report was a highly valuable and

useful exercise and experience for us. The project has not only made us strong in formulating viable

projects but has also rendered the benefit of establishing strong and sustainable association with

important stakeholders of the floriculture industry including key private organizations, relevant

financial organizations, flower growers, floriculture entrepreneurs and extension officials.

I wish to acknowledge the unfailing support rendered by the Vice Chancellor, the Registrar, the

Director of Research, the Dean (Horticulture), and all the other University Officers, Comptroller and

scientists of TNAU who were associated with this project. I am thankful to the Co-Principal

Investigators of this project and the Research Associates and Senior Research Fellows, who were a

great support to me throughout.

I am grateful to the Chairman of the Consortium Advisory Committee (CAC) Dr. T. Thangaraj,

Former Dean (Horticulture) of TNAU for his commitment and critical support throughout. I also extend

my gratitude to all the members of CAC for their invaluable technical support.

I am gratefully indebted to the Consortium Partners namely, M/s. AVT Natural Products Ltd.,

M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd., M/s. Vangaurd Exports and M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd. and the

Associating Partners namely, KVK of UPASI, Coonoor and Deepam Self Help Group, Kotagiri for

their constant and trustworthy support throughout the project.

I am thankful to the Chairman of Consortium Monitoring Unit (CMU) Dr. M. Chandrasekaran,

(Director, Planning and Monitoring of TNAU) and the members.

I gratefully acknowledge Dr. S. Ayyappan, the Director General of ICAR, Dr. H. P. Singh, the

former Deputy Director General (Horticulture) of ICAR and Dr. N. K. Krishnakumar, the Deputy

Director General (Horticulture) of ICAR for their moral support and valuable guidance.

I acknowledge the financial assistance extended by the NAIP of ICAR, New Delhi. We

gratefully acknowledge the unfailing moral assistance rendered to us by the Former National

Coordinator (NAIP, Component II), Late Dr. R. K. Goyal, the Former National Director of NAIP,

Dr.Bangali Baboo, the National Director of NAIP, Dr. D. Rama Rao, the National Coordinator (NAIP,

Component II) Dr. R. Ezekiel, and the entire PIU of NAIP, ICAR, New Delhi.

Consortium Principal Investigator &

Professor and Head, Department of Floriculture & Landscaping

TNAU, Coimbatore

Dr. M. Jawaharlal

PREFACE

Page No.

Foreword

Preface

1

Executive Summary / Key words 5

Part-I: General Information of Sub-project 9

Part-II: Technical Details

1. Introduction 11

2. Overall Sub-project Objectives 12

3. Sub-project Technical Profile 12

4. BaselineAnalysis 14

5. ResearchAchievements

6. Value ChainAnalysis 15

7. Innovations 41

8. Process/Product/Technology Developed 42

9. Patents (Filed/Granted) 43

10. Linkages and Collaborations 43

11. Status on Environmental and Social SafeguardAspects 44

12. Constraints, if any and Remedial Measures Taken 44

13. Publications 45

14. Media Products Developed/Disseminated 46

15. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Melas, etc. organized 46

16. Participation in Conference/Meetings/Trainings/Radio talks, etc. 48

17. Trainings/Visits undertaken (National/International) 48

18. Performance Indicators 49

19. Employment Generation 50

20. Assets Generated 50

21. Awards and Recognitions 53

22. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIPSustainability 54

23. Possible Future Line of Work 54

24. Personnel 55

25. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination

26. Pro-forma

27. Annexure (Publications) 57

Part-III: Budget and its Utilization 59

Part-IV: Declaration 60

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Achievements

Background information about the Project

Baseline information on the pre-project situation

Work proposed and execution plan

Objective 1: Optimization of cost effective production technologies

The sub-project 'Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets' (Sub-project code: 4058)

was launched at TNAU in September, 2008. The Project was initially sanctioned for a timeframe of four

years (September, 2008 to June, 2012) with a budget outlay of Rs.353.29 lakhs. Subsequently, based on

the successful performance of the project, it was further extended up to June, 2014 with additional

budget. Thus, the total timeframe of the project was six years and the total budget outlay was Rs. 486.30

lakhs. The ultimate objective of the Project was to strengthen the floriculture value chain by way of

addressing all the missing links in the various levels of the chain.

The sub-project was implemented on the 'Consortia Approach' mode emphasized by the NAIP, with

TNAU as the Lead Centre of the Consortium, four private organizations as the Consortium Partners and

two organizations as the Associate Partners. Three significant flower crops namely, jasmine, marigold

and carnation and one value added product namely dry flowers were the focus crops of this project.

Based on a preliminary analysis taken up in the Project area to assess the scenario of the value chain

on flowers with respect to the focus crops of the project, it was evident that the major missing links in

the chain were lack of scientific production and post harvest handling technologies, high initial

investment, poor knowledge and adoption of available scientific production and value addition

technologies, inadequate post harvest infrastructure, low volume for export, poor market information

and lack of appropriate packaging technologies. The study revealed that majority of the farmers in the

area are marginal and small farmers and they follow conventional method of irrigation, while very few

follow drip irrigation. Main sources of market information are neighbouring farmers, friends,

newspaper, direct contact with middle men and local vendors. Majority of the growers sell their

produce in the local markets. Labour shortage, less price and inadequate loan were the major

constraints faced by the farmers in the study area.

The Project had four major objectives: i) to optimize cost effective production technologies for

potential flower crops; ii) to standardize technologies for post harvest management and value addition;

iii) to impart training to growers and entrepreneurs on production and post production technologies and

iv) to create floriculture database and to facilitate market linkage and supply chain management in

flowers for domestic and export trade.

The first objective involved standardization of precision production technologies and eco-friendly

pest and disease management techniques for jasmine, marigold and carnation. The second objective

aimed at standardizing post harvest technologies for jasmine, marigold and carnation, identification of

new plant species for dry flower making and standardization of dry flower processing and packaging

techniques. The third objective aimed at imparting Faculty training programmes (HRD) and growers'

and entrepreneurs' training programmes (Capacity building). The fourth objective was oriented

towards establishment of database, market linkage and supply chain infrastructure for domestic and

international floriculture trade.

Precision production technology was standardized for jasmine by adoption of intensive field

preparation methods, precise spacing, enriched media consortia, drip and fertigation system, spraying

of biostimulants and micronutrients and integrated pest and disease management practices. Pruning

during September could induce off-season flowering during the months of October to February both

1

under open field conditions and protected conditions. Eco-friendly management methods for the

control of bud worm, gall midge, leaf spot and leaf blight were developed.

Precision production technology was standardized for African marigold which involves raising

seedlings in protrays, seedling dip with Pseudomonas flourescens @ 0.5%, intensive field preparation,

drip and fertigation, spraying of biostimulants and micronutrients and adoption of eco-friendly pest and

disease management practices to control thrips, mites, caterpillar, Alternaria leaf spot and Septoria leaf

spot.

The precision production technology developed for carnation include fumigation with Dazomet @

30g/m , adding enriched growing media consortia, planting of 30 day old rooted cuttings and adopting

single pinch at the 5 node, management of calyx splitting with foliar application of 0.1 % borax and

eco-friendly methods to manage mites, thrips, Fusarium wilt and leaf spot.

An export packaging technology for jasmine flowers which involves treating flowers with boric acid

followed by packing in Corrugated Fibre Board boxes for Dubai market and thermocole box with

aluminium foil lining and gel ice for USA market was developed. This technology has been filed for

patent (Patent No. 1370/CHE/2010 dt. 14.05.2010).

For marigold flowers, corrugated fibre board (CFB) boxes were identified as the most ideal

packaging materials based on the lowest physiological loss in weight (0.33% against 5% in control).

Precooling of carnation flowers at 40C for 4 hours after harvest, wrapping in polyethylene sleeves of 50

gauge thickness, using a holding solution made of sucrose 5% + citric acid 50 ppm + BA 75 ppm and

packing in corrugated fibre board boxes with 2 ply thickness and 4% ventilations proved best in

extending the vase life of flowers up to 12.50 days.

In the research on dry flowers, 44 locally available species were identified as suitable for dry flower

product making. Drying techniques by glycerinization (full dip method @ 1:20) for leaves and silica gel

+ sand (1:1) embedding followed by microwave drying for flowers were standardized.

Bleaching techniques for pods of Jacaranda mimosifolia and Castanospermum australe by soaking

pods in sodium hydroxide 10% (overnight) and then with 2% sodium hydroxide + 2.5% sodium silicate

+ 35% hydrogen peroxide for 18 hours and 12 hours respectively were developed. Dyeing techniques

for the pods of these two species with red acrylic dyes (0.2%) were developed. Utilizing the 44

identified plant species, 74 products were developed both for export and domestic markets. For the

transport of scented pine cones, 5 ply 180 gsm Full Telescopic Half Slotted Container (FTHS) and 5 ply

180 gsm Regular Slotted Container (RSC) were found ideal.

During the project period, a total of 71 training programmes were conducted under eight major

categories. In total, 3798 beneficiaries were trained who included 395 jasmine growers, 309 marigold

growers, 473 carnation growers, 809 unemployed youth and women (jasmine), 225 entrepreneurs

(jasmine), 463 unemployed youth and women (dry flowers), 240 entrepreneurs (dry flowers), 154

growers of commodity groups and 730 stakeholders. Through Faculty training programme, 11 project

staff underwent National Training Programme on “General Greenhouse management” at Horticulture

Training Centre, Pune.

2

th

Database pertaining to area, production and productivity of flowers in India and Tamil Nadu and

district-wise area, production and productivity of jasmine in Tamil Nadu and export of flowers from

India has been created. A website ( ) which gives information on precisionwww.naiptnauflowers.com

Objective 2: Standardization of technologies for post harvest management and value addition

Objective 3: Imparting training to growers and entrepreneurs on production and post

production technologies

Objective 4: Creation of floriculture database and facilitation of market linkages and supply

chain management in flowers for domestic and export trade

2

production technologies of different flower crops and other activities of the NAIP project has been

created. Video documentation of precision technologies of the focus crops has been done.

In case of dry flower making, income of participating households has enhanced from nil to Rs.

28,125 per annum

In marigold contract farming, the increase in yield and quality of the flowers ultimately

resulted in increase in price of fresh flowers and the procurement price paid to the farmers

increased from Rs. 2750/t (2008) to Rs.6000/t (2013)

The value chains of jasmine, marigold, carnation and dry flowers were analyzed and the existing

marketing channels were documented. Two Commodity Groups were formed at Kallipalayam and

Nillakottai and one Flower Growers' Association at Sathyamangalam was linked with the project.

Analysis taken up to assess the impact of the project activities has indicated that adoption of the

improved technologies has led to increase in productivity and price of the focus crops and reduced

usage of insecticides and fungicides, besides improving scope for export-oriented production,

particularly for marigold, wherein the xanthophyll goes for therapeutic applications.

Adoption of the improved processing techniques developed in the project for dry flowers has

created export opportunities to newer areas viz., Europe and SouthAmerica. Development of newer

dry flower products has facilitated successful entry of the Indian products into the domestic market

apart from the export market.

27 production technologies and 18 post harvest technologies have been developed

Patent: 1 technology entitled 'Export packaging technology of jasmine' has been filed for

patenting (Patent No. 1370/CHE/2010 dt. 14.05.2010).

Publications made: 17 Research papers, 4 books, 6 book chapters, 15 theses, 5 popular articles

in English, 5 popular articles in other languages, 26 newspaper articles, 27 research abstracts, 1

manual, 6 lead paper presentations, 3 TV talks and 1 radio talk.

Faculty training: 11 project staff underwent training programme on “General Greenhouse

management” at Horticulture Training Centre, Pune.

3798 growers, unemployed youth, entrepreneurs and self help group women were trained

through 71 training programmes

10 success stories have been documented

3 farmers' groups have been developed for marketing and processing

Employment generation has been enhanced from 83,000 days/year to 1,28,150 days/year

Assets worth Rs101.10 lakhs have been created for floriculture research and development

Best Team Research of TNAU has been awarded to this project.

11 awards and recognitions have been awarded to the scientists and one CCPI for their valuable

contributions to this project.

Jasmine value addition and dry flower product making have helped in empowerment of

women through generation of considerable self employment opportunities for household

women

Income of participating households has enhanced from nil to Rs. 26,000 per annum in case of

jasmine value addition

Significant achievements

Socio-Economic Impact

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Employment generation has been enhanced from 83,000 days/year to 1,28,150 days/year.

The eco-friendly pest and disease management methods standardized for the control of bud worm and

gall midge in jasmine and the pests namely thrips, mites and caterpillar and the diseases leaf

spotand leafspot inmarigoldhaveenabledtoreducethequantityaswellasnumberofspraysof

insecticides and fungicides. Further, since the newer molecules are quickly biodegradable with no

residualeffect, theproduceishighlypreferredbyexportagencies.

Around 44 local plant species have been identified for cultivation and use for dry flower product

making. This has helped to minimize exploitation of forest resources for collection of raw

materials for dry flower making.

The following steps have been taken to sustain the project

Continuing the Consortia approach which has created a strong association between the public

sector (ICAR and TNAU) and private sector (Private Partners)

Continuing imparting of training to growers and entrepreneurs to take up commercial floriculture

ventures

Imparting more training programmes on value addition to encourage women empowerment

Regular training programmes sponsored by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Govt. of

Tamil Nadu are in progress

Promotion of large scale scientific carnation cultivation in the Nilgiris and Kodaikanal through

training programmes has helped in sustaining the project's impact even after the project period

Efforts are being made to encourage the Consortium Partners to create a Sustainability Fund

The project activities will be continued through new project proposals submitted to the Central

and State Governments.

Alternaria

Septoria

Environmental Impact

Sustainability Plan

4

Part-I: General Information of Sub-project

1. Title of the sub-project : Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets

2. Sub-project code : 4058

3. Component : 2 (Production to Consumption System)

4. Date of sanction of sub-project : 01.09.2008

5. Date of completion : 30.06.2012

6. Extension if granted : From 01.07.2012 to 30.06.2014

Duration of the sub-project : 5 years, 10 months

8. Total sanctioned amount : Rs. 486.30 lakhs

9. Total expenditure amount : Rs. 385.0086 lakhs

10. Consortium Leader : The Vice Chancellor

Tamil NaduAgricultural University

Coimbatore - 641 003

Phone : 0422-6611251; Fax: 0422-2431672

e-mail : vc@tnau.ac.in, website: www.tnau.ac.in

7.

Name of CPI/ CCPI with

designation

Name of organization, address,

phone, fax, email

Duration

(From-

To)

Budget

(In Lakh Rs.)

CPI Dr. M. Jawaharlal,

Ph.D.

Professor & Head

Dept. of Floriculture & Landscaping

Horticultural College and Research

Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore- 641 003

Tel : 0422-6611230

Fax : 0422-2430781

e-mail : jawaharflori@yahoo.com

01.09. 08

till date

351.25

CCPI

1

Mr. N. Elango,

B.Sc (Agri), MBA

Vice President

(Agro Operations)

M/s. AVT Natural Products Ltd.

234, Mysore Trunk Road

Puduvadavalli

Sathyamangalam - 638 401

Ph : 04295-243508(O);09443350880 (M)

e-mail: elangoavt@gmail.com

-do- 30.30

CCPI

2

Mr. P.Rajaram, MBA

Managing Director

M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd.

3/90, D-3 Rajaji Avenue, New Fairlands

Salem - 636 016

Ph : 0427-2336095(O); 99524 14106(M)

Fax: 0427 - 2336096

e-mail: rajan.chow@gmail.com

-do- 30.65

CCPI

3

Mr.K.Sethumadhavan,

B.Sc.,

Proprietor

M/s. Vanguard Exports

MAR Complex

54, Devangapet 1st Street

Coimbatore 641 001

Ph : 0422-2472458 (O); 9443158200 (M)

e-mail:vanguardexports@hotmail.com

-do- 29.71

CCPI

4

Mr. V. Venkatesh,

LCE

Chief Executive,

M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd.

159, Palace Road, Fernhill

Ooty – 641 004, The Nilgiris

Ph: 0423-2452777 (O); 9443022012 (M)

e-mail:saverafloriculture@yahoo.com

-do- 44.39

11. List of Consortium Partners:

CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator

5

CPI/ CCPI (Name, designation & address)

Total

budget

sanctioned

Fund

released

(up to

31.03.2014)

Fund utilized

(up to

31.03.2014)

CPI Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Ph.D.

Professor & HeadDepartment of Floriculture and LandscapingHorticultural College and Research InstituteTNAU, Coimbatore – 641 003

351.26 298.8518 298.0272

CCPI 1 Mr. N. Elango, B.Sc (Agri), MBA

Vice President (Agro Operations)

M/s. AVT Natural Products. Ltd, 234, Mysore

Trunk Road, Puduvadavalli

Sathyamangalam-638 401

30.30 20.3191 20.3191

CCPI 2 Mr. P. Rajaram, MBA

Managing DirectorM/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd.

3/90, D-3 Rajaji Avenu e, New Fairlands

Salem - 636 016

30.65 27.33099 25.8465

CCPI 3 Mr. K. Sethumadhavan, B.Sc.

Proprietor

M/s. Vanguard Exports

MAR Complex, 54, Devangapet 1st Street

Coimbatore 641 001

29.71 22.3985 22.3985

CCPI 4 Mr. V. Venkatesh, LCE

Chief ExecutiveM/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd.

159, Palace Road, Fernhill, Ooty - 641 004

The Nilgiris

44.39 32.3366 32.3366

Total 486.31 401.23699 398.9244

12. Statement of budget released and utilization partner-wise (in Lakh Rs.):

CPI-Consortia Principal Investigator; CCPI-Consortia Co-Principal Investigator

6

PART-II: TECHNICAL DETAILS

1. Introduction

2. Overall Sub-project Objectives

The present sub-project targeting the country's floriculture value chain came as a valuable

opportunity at the most ideal time, when TNAU with a strong base in floricultural research and

development was looking keenly for a viable means of working for the upgradation of floriculture,

which is growing rapidly in the global arena. The sub-project was proposed to the NAIPwith the overall

aim of contributing towards making the 'Production to Consumption System' (PCS) of the country's

floriculture sector a holistic and commercially viable one, by way of addressing all the missing links in

the various levels of the value chain. As an attempt towards strengthening the floriculture promotional

activities already in operation in the institution before proposal of the present project to the NAIP,

relevant stakeholders were brought together to form a "Flower Growers' Federation" in September,

2006 which almost coincided with the first call of the NAIP for project proposals. Consequently,

considerable efforts were taken to seek the collaboration of various organizations relevant to the

project, as per the mandate of the NAIP and finally the concept note and the project proposal were

developed.

Three potential flower crops of Tamil Nadu, an integral part of the 'Flower growing belt of India' and

one floral product were selected for the project and the flower crops are jasmine, marigold, carnation

and the product is dry flowers and some of the key private partners were sought for collaboration

through the NAIP's 'ConsortiaApproach'.

The sub-project was sanctioned by the NAIP after several rounds of refinement and the project was

launched at TNAU in September, 2008 with a budget outlay of Rs.368.045 lakhs and a time frame of

four years (September, 2008 to June, 2012). Subsequently, based on the successful performance of the

project, it was further extended up to June, 2014 with additional budget. Hence, the total budget outlay

of the project was Rs.486.30 lakhs.

Through the project, interventions were made at all the possible levels of the value chain pertaining

to the four focus areas. These efforts have led to an overall improvement in the targeted value chain and

the salient achievements made in the project include development of precision production technologies

for jasmine, marigold and carnation, standardization of eco-friendly strategies to manage the major

insect pests and diseases of the above crops, development of improved post harvest management

methods for these crops, development and validation of an export packaging technology for jasmine to

Dubai and US markets, identification of newer and reliable plant species to be used as dry flowers,

development of improved processing techniques for dry flower making, design and development of

new dry flower products for domestic and export markets, technology transfer to growers and

entrepreneurs, market analysis, database creation, baseline survey and impact analysis. The 'Export

packaging technology for jasmine to Dubai and US markets' has been filed for Patent (Patent file:

1370/CHE/2010 dt:14.05.2010).

The infrastructure created in the parent organization (TNAU) for floriculture research and

development, the floriculture related database and publications made, and the strengthening of

collaborations between public and private organizations achieved through this project has paved a

strong path for the sustainability of this project.

i) To optimize cost effective production technologies for potential flower crops

ii) To standardize technologies for post harvest management and value addition

iii) To impart training to growers and entrepreneurs on production and post production technologies

iv) To create floriculture database and to facilitate market linkage and supply chain management in

flowers for domestic and export trade

7

3. Sub-project Technical Profile

Standardization of precision production technologies for jasmine, marigold and carnation

Standardization of eco-friendly pest and disease management techniques for jasmine, marigold

and carnation

Creation of pilot models of soil and plant analysis lab and protected structures for floriculture

Increased yield in jasmine, marigold and carnation as a result of adoption of the new scientific

production technologies developed

Improved technological know-how among growers of jasmine, marigold and carnation

Standardization of post harvest technologies for jasmine, marigold and carnation

Identification of new plant species for dry flower making

Standardization of dry flower processing and packaging techniques

Creation of 3 pilot model post harvest infra structures ., two cold storage units and one jasmine

concrete extraction unit

Development of improved post harvest management and dry flower making technologies

Increased awareness regarding post harvest management and value addition of flowers among

growers and entrepreneurs

Reduction of post harvest losses of flowers

Improved entrepreneurial opportunities to flower growers, women and unemployed youth

Faculty training programmes (HRD)

Growers' and entrepreneurs' training programmes (Capacity building)

Availability of demo kits and training materials on flower production technology

3200 flower growers, women and unemployed youth will be trained at regional and national level

Availability of trained human resource

Establishment of database, market linkage and supply chain infrastructure

Development of database on jasmine, marigold, carnation and dry flowers

Exposure of flower growers to national markets and formation of commodity groups

Establishment of more market linkages (both domestic and export) for better marketing by flower

growers

Export promotion and facilitating access to institutional credits and subsidies through organized

and collective marketing

viz

i) Optimization of cost effective production technologies for potential flower crops

ii) Standardization of technologies for post harvest management and value addition

iii) Imparting training togrowers andentrepreneurs on production andpostproduction technologies

iv) Creation of floriculture database and facilitation of market linkage and supply chain

management in flowers for domestic and export trade

Monitoring indicators

Expected output and outcome

Monitoring indicators

Expected output and outcome

Monitoring indicators

Expected output and outcome

Monitoring indicators

Expected output and outcome

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8

4. BaselineAnalysis

An analysis of pre-project scenario of the value chain on flowers with respect to the focus crops

namely, jasmine, marigold, carnation and dry flower products revealed that the following were the

missing links in the chain.

Production - Lack of scientific technologies and high initial investment (carnation)

Post harvest management - Lack of scientific post harvest technologies, poor knowledge and

adoption of scientific technologies and inadequate post harvest infrastructure

Value addition - Poor knowledge on value addition and lack of adequate scientific technologies on

value addition

Marketing - Low volume for export (carnation), poor market information and lack of appropriate

packaging technologies

For the baseline survey, 72 beneficiaries from three flower growing groups ., 30 jasmine growers

(Erode and Coimbatore districts), 30 marigold growers (Erode district) and 12 carnation growers (the

Nilgiris district) were selected and studied. In addition, 10 dry flower product producers were also

selected from Salem district. Salient findings of the survey are furnished below.

The cropping pattern in the study villages shows that crops like marigold, jasmine, carnation,

turmeric, banana, cotton, tomato, brinjal etc., are grown during Kharif season and sesamum,

cauliflower, cabbage, potato, beans and carrot are being cultivated during Rabi season.

Groundnut cultivation is practised in summer. Maize crop is cultivated both during Rabi as well as

summer season.

With respect to occupation, of the total 72 farmers surveyed, 20 are dependent only on agriculture.

Apart from agriculture, 47 farmers' families are engaged in animal husbandry

Of the total 72 farmers, there were 40 small farmers (1.00-1.99 ha), 12 marginal farmers (<1 ha),

10 semi medium farmers (2.00 - 3.99ha) and 9 medium farmers (4.00 -9.99ha).

With respect to assets related to agriculture, 33 farmers own tractors and 3 farmers own

cultivators.

Majority of the farmers (50) follow conventional method of irrigation, while only 12 farmers

follow drip method and 10 farmers are adopting both surface and drip methods of irrigation.

Main sources of market information are neighbouring farmers, friends, news papers, direct

contact with middle men and local vendors.

Majority of the growers (57.8 per cent) sold their produce in the local market, while 33 per cent

sold them to merchants in town markets.

Majority of the cultivators (40.2 per cent) brought flowers from a distance of 6-10 km and sold on

a monthly contract basis to the merchants or commission agents as stated by 63.2 per cent

respondents.

Labour shortage, less price, inadequate loan were the major constraints faced by the farmers in the

study area.

Out of 72 farmers surveyed, 26 farmers have taken loan for various purposes. Maximum farmers

preferred crop loan wherein the amount of loan varied from Rs.1.0 to 2.0 lakhs.

viz

i) Optimization of cost effective production technologies for potential flower crops

Cost effective precision production technologies for potential flower crops , jasmine, marigold

and carnation were developed by adoption of scientific flower production techniques.

Precision production technology for (Gundumalli) was standardized. Adoption

of precision production techniques ., field preparation with chisel, disc, rotovator and cultivator,

viz.

Jasminum sambac

viz

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1. ResearchAchievements with Summary

Jasmine

9

planting at spacing of 1.2 x 1m, media consortia (FYM

5kg/pit, Neem cake 500g/pit, vermicompost 100g/ pit and

& each 3kg/ha), drip

irrigation @ 3 days interval, 100% RDF through fertigation at

weekly intervals, spraying of biostimulants and

micronutrients viz., Humic acid 0.4%, Panchagavya 3%,

FeSO 0.5% & ZnSO 0.5% at monthly intervals and adoption

Azospirullum Phosphobacteria

4 4

of integrated pest & disease management increased the yield to 14.14t/ha against 7.49 t/ha in the

conventional system of cultivation.

In a trial conducted to standardize off-season flower production in through

physiological intervention under open conditions, the plants were pruned during the first week of every

month starting from July to November and it was observed that pruning of plants during the first week

of September recorded increased yield (590g/plant) during the off-season months (October to

February), when compared to other months of pruning. Pruning during last week of November is the

conventional pruning method in and hence this was considered as control and it recorded an

yield of 210 g/plant during off-season. Pruning during the first week of February recorded the lowest

yield (20g/plant) during off-season flowering.

Another trial was conducted to standardize techniques for off-season flowering in the three

commercial species under protected conditions. In this trial, the same set of treatments

imposed under open conditions, , pruning during 1 week of every month starting from July to

November were imposed under protected conditions (Naturally ventilated polyhouse). Among the

three species, performed well while other two species showed poor performance under

polyhouse without any flower production during off-season. showed 63.46% yield increase

when compared to open field condition.Among different months of pruning, September month pruned

plants showed earliness in flowering (21.96 days after pruning) against 55.26 days in open field, the

same treatment showed maximum 100 bud weight of 24.56g compared to 22.79g in open field.

Jasminum sambac

J. sambac

Jasminum

viz.

J. sambac

J. sambac

st

J. sambac under polyhouse

Precision method Conventional method

10

Atrial was conducted to compare the conventional planting system with paired row planting system

in and . In , two different spacings ., 1.0 x 1.0 m / 1.5 m

and 1.0 x 1.2 m / 1.5 m were adopted and they were compared with conventional recommended spacing

of 1.25 x 1.25 m (control). It was observed that planting in paired row system at spacing 1.0 x 1.0 m / 1.5

m recorded increased yield per ha (9.65 t/ha) compared to conventional spacing (7.82 t/ ha). This

increase in yield is attributable to the increased plant population, easy intercultural operations and

decreased weed growth. Similarly in , two different spacings viz., 1.6 x 1.6 m / 2 m and

1.6 x 1.8 m / 2 m were adopted and this was compared with conventional recommended spacing 1.8 x

1.8 m (control). Planting at a spacing of 1.6 x 1.6 m / 2 m recorded increased yield per ha (12.06 t/ha)

against conventional system (10.93 t/ha).

Jasminum sambac J. grandiflorum J. sambac viz

J. grandiflorum

Trials were conducted to standardize eco-

friendly methods to manage major pests and

diseases in jasmine. For the control of bud

worm ( ), a major

pest in jasmine, application of the easily

biodegradable insecticide with less residual

Hendecasis duplifascialis

effect namely Thiocloprid 240 SC @ 0.2% reduced the bud worm incidence from 39.70% to 4.53%.

For the control of gall midge in jasmine, spraying of Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 0.05% was found to be very

effectiveand recorded the lowest flower damageof 4.90% compared to 70.10% in untreated control.

For the management of leaf spot, it was observed that soil application of

@ 25g/plant at the time of planting and foliar application of @ 0.5% at monthly

intervals recorded less disease incidence (26.49 PDI) when compared to control (53.01 PDI) and for

leaf blight, soil application of @ 25 g/plant at the time of planting

Cercospora Bacillus

subtilis B. subtilis

Alternaria Pseudomonas fluorescens

and foliar application of @ 0.5% at

monthlyintervalsrecordedlowestpercentofdisease

incidence(23.5%)comparedtocontrol(58.5%).

Through training programmes, on-

farm trials and field level demonstrations, the

precision production technology developed has

been disseminated to farmers and they were

P. fluorescens

Impact:

made to adopt the same. Impact analysis carried out after a year indicated that the productivity of

jasmine increased from 7.48 t/ha to 12.41 t/ha. It is found that cost of the jasmine cultivation under

conventional and precision farming is Rs. 3,11,476 and Rs. 4,40,959 per hectare respectively. The

estimated net income worked out to be Rs. 3,08,524 and Rs. 5,39,041 per hectare respectively under

conventional and precision farming system. By spending an extra Rs. 1,29,483 the NAIP farmers were

getting an additional income of Rs. 2,30,517 per hectare. Thus, by adoption of this technology, growers

can achieve a benefit cost ratio of 2.70 compared to 1.91 in the conventional system.

Further, this technology has improved the quality of flowers by increasing the bud size, bud weight,

etc. The flowers produced during off-season fetch higher price of Rs.700/kg, against the average price

of Rs.100/kg during the peak season.

The newly standardized eco-friendly pest and disease management methods for the control of bud

worm and gall midge have decreased the quantity as well as number of sprays of insecticides and

fungicides. Further, since the newer molecules are quickly biodegradable with no residual effect, the

produce is highly preferred by exporters.Through the eco-friendly methods, the percentage of incidence of

bud worm had reduced to 4.53% from 39.70%, gall midge to 4.90% from 70.10%, leaf spot to 26.49%

from53.01%and leafblight to23.50%from58.50%.

Damaged bud Bud worm

Cercospora leaf spot Alternaria leaf blight

Contributors: 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. Vanguard Exports, Coimbatore

11

Marigold

Precision production technology for African marigold ( Linn.) was standardized. The

technology involves adoption of improved technologies , raising hybrid seedlings in protrays (@

80g seed/acre against 110 g/acre in conventional system), seedling dip with

@ 0.5%, field preparation with chisel, disc, cultivator and rotovator, application of 75% recommended

dose of fertilizers through drip and fertigation system (against 100% RDF through broadcasting in

conventional system), spraying of biostimulant humic acid 0.2% on 30 and 45 day after transplanting

and adoption of eco-friendly pest and disease management practices. The technology has led to

increase in flower yield by 42.27% (35.74 t/ha against 25.12 t/ha in Control) and flower xanthophyll

content by 38.19% (1.99 g/kg of fresh flowers against 1.44 g/kg in Control).

Tagetes erecta

viz.

Pseudomonas flourescens

th th

Precision method Conventional method

In a trial to analyse the effect of

micronutrients on xanthophyll content, it was

observed that, spraying of FeSO 0.5% and

ZnSO 0.5% on 30 and 45 days after

transplanting recorded 22.50% increase in

flower yield (26.64 t/ha against 22.50 t/ha in

Control) and 37.32% increase in flower

xanthophyll content (1.95g/kg against 1.42

g/kg of fresh flowers in the Control).

4

4

In another trial to standardize the techniques to enhance xanthophyll content through application of

biostimulants, it was observed that foliar application of biostimulants namely humic acid 0.2% +

seaweed extract 0.25% increased the flower yield by 28.51% (25.78 t/ha against 22.50 t/ha in Control)

and xanthophyll recovery of 35.21% (1.92 g/kg against 1.40 g/kg of fresh flowers in Control).

Eco-friendly methods to manage major pests , thrips, mites and caterpillar and diseases viz.,

leaf spot and leaf spot were standardized. For the management of thrips,

application of Fipronil @ 0.15% which is an easily biodegradable pesticide with less residual effect

recorded minimum thrips population (3.68%) compared to untreated plots (45.51%).

viz.

Alternaria Septoria

Biostimulants application - Xanthophyll enhancement in marigold

Field view

Treatments

Flour meal

PelletsOleoresin

Xanthophyll

Marigold L3 Hybrid

Application of biostimulants at

30 & 45 DAT

((Humic acid (0.2%) + Sea weed extract (0.25%))

Xanthophyll content - 1.92g/1000g

(Control 1.40g/1000g)

12

In the trial to manage mites in marigold, it was observed that

need based application of Abamectin 1.9 EC @ 0.05 % which is

an easily biodegradable acaricide with less residual effect

proved superior in reducing the mite population to 10.02 %

(compared to 62.91% in untreated plots).

For the control of caterpillar ( ) in

marigold, application of easily biodegradable chemical

Spinosad @ 0.075% recorded minimum pest infestation

(7.30%) compared to the control (40.29%).

Helicoverpa armigera

Caterpillar damage

For the management of leaf spot, it was observed that root dipping of marigold seedlings

in 1% at the time of transplanting followed by foliar application of 0.5%

at monthly intervals recorded less disease incidence (24.5%) compared to 65.34% in

control. For leaf spot, it was observed that root dipping of marigold seedlings with 1%

for 30 minutes and foliar application of 0.5% at monthly intervals recorded

less disease intensity (25.81 PDI).

The precision production technology developed for marigold was disseminated to farmers

through on-farm trials, training programmes, field level demonstrations Impact analysis indicated

that the productivity increased from 25.12t/ha to 35.74 t/ha (average increase of 42.27%) and the

xanthophyll content from 1.44g/kg to 1.99 g/kg of fresh flower (average increase of 38.19%). Total

expenditure incurred in marigold cultivation is Rs. 59,136 per hectare under conventional farming

system and Rs. 77,275 per hectare under precision farming system. Net profit is Rs. 79,024 per hectare

under conventional farming and Rs. 1,19,295 per hectare under precision farming. By spending an

extra expenditure of Rs. 18,139 per hectare towards adopting specific technologies developed through

NAIP, the farmers have got an additional net income of Rs. 40,271 per hectare. The increase in yield and

quality of the flowers ultimately resulted in increase in price of fresh flowers and the procurement price

paid to the farmers increased from Rs. 2750/t (2008) to Rs.6000/t (2013).

Since considerable proportion of the xanthophyll extracted from marigold flowers is utilized in

pharmaceutical industries, use of eco-friendly and quickly biodegradable newer molecules of plant

protection chemicals with less residual effect has increased the export potential of marigold. Further,

the use of eco-friendly chemicals for the control of mites, thrips and caterpillars in marigold has

decreased the quantity as well as number of sprays of pesticides. The use of biocontrol agents for the

control of pathogens has reduced the usage of chemical fungicides by the farmers. Through eco-

friendly methods of pest and disease management, the percentage of incidence of thrips was reduced to

3.68% from 45.51%, mites to 10.02% from 70.10%, caterpillars to 7.30% from 40.29% and leaf spot to

24.50% from 65.34%.

Alternaria

Pseudomonas fluorescens

P. fluorescens

Septoria

Bacillus subtilis B. subtilis

etc.

Impact:

Contributors: 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. AVT Natural Products. Ltd, Sathyamangalam

Carnation

A comparative study on the performance of carnation variety Dona Pink under steel frame and

wooden frame structure taken up at Ooty revealed that the steel framed aerodynamic structure was

superior to the wooden framed structure in respect of both the crop performance as well as longevity of

the structure. The proportion of 'A' grade flowers with a stem length of 69.00cm was 90% and the flower

yield/m was 308 against 67.75cm stem length, 76.75% A grade flowers and 277.20 flowers/m

respectively in wooden frame structure. The steel framed aerodynamic structure fared better over the

wooden frame structure because the longevity of steel frame structure will be for 10 years.

2 2

13

Wooden frame structure Steel frame structureIn the trial taken up to standardize

fumigation techniques for protected

carnation cultivation, application of

Dazomet @ 30g/m had an effective

control over wilt incidence

which recorded nil per cent disease

incidence (against 5.55 % in control)

and weed count of 14.76/m (against

65.78 in control) at the end of first

flush of flowering.

2

2

Fusarium

A quantity of 30 kg growing media consortia per m made up of 10:1:1 of farm yard manure @ 25

kg/m , vermicompost @ 2.5 kg/m , cocopeat @ 2.5 kg/m , biofertilizers ,

phosphobacteria, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viridae,

each @ 20 g/m at bimonthly intervals was used as growing medium. Use of

this consortia recorded the highest flower yield/m with 249.48, 352.80 and 201.60 (against 180.00,

234.00 and 180.00 in Control) and longest stalks measuring 77.30, 73.20, 71.50 cm (against 60.00,

58.50, 54.00 cm in Control) in the I, II and III flushes of flowering respectively.

2

2 2 2

2

2

viz. Azospirillum,

Pseudomonas fluorescens

A plant spacing of 15 x 15 cm accommodating 36 plants/m (bed area) was found to be optimum for

carnation to get higher flower yield/m of 223.20, 280.80 and 216.00 during the first, second and third

flushes of flowering respectively.

The research taken up to optimize planting stage and pinching level indicated that planting of 30 day

old rooted cuttings and adopting single pinch at the 5 node led to higher flower yield/m of 216.00,

298.80, 194.40 (against 208.80, 289.80 and 194.40 in control) during the first, second and third flushes

of flowering respectively.

To manage calyx splitting, a physiological disorder in carnation, foliar application of 0.1 % borax at

fortnightly intervals till bud appearance and at weekly intervals thereafter proved to be the best for

reducing the incidence from 32.63 % to 3.13 %.

2

2

th 2

Marking planting distance

planting

Growing media consortia Planting density Pinching levels in carnation

14

For the management of

wilt ( .

),

as soil application @ 25 g/m and

foliar application @ 0.5 % at

monthly intervals was found to be

effective with lower per cent disease

intensity (21.30 PDI).

Fusarium

Fusarium oxysporum f sp

dianthi Pseudomonas fluorescens2

Fusarium wilt infected field

Effect of borax on calyx splitting in carnation

Eco-friendly methods to manage insect pests (mites and thrips) and diseases (Fusarium wilt and leaf

spot) of carnation were standardized. To manage red spider mite, Abamectin 1.9 EC @ 0.05% was

found to be effective. It recorded less mite population of 6.13 % (compared to 50.11 % in control). It is a

safe, eco-friendly, biodegradable and cost effective chemical.

Mite colonyMite infested leaf Bud Abamectin sprayed plot Electron microscopeview of mite

To manage thrips in carnation, among the different chemicals compared, Fipronil @ 0.15% was

found to be effective and it is an easily biodegradable compound, with less residual effect. It recorded

lower incidence of thrips of 3.91 % (compared to 90.31 % in control).

Thrips damage in flower bud

T Soil application - 2.0g/m borax 17.19

T Soil application - 4.0g/m borax 13.85

T Soil application - 6.0g/m borax 10.60

T Foliar application - 0.1 % borax 3.13

T Foliar application - 0.3 % borax 3.59

T Foliar application - 0.5 % borax 3.60

T Control (without borax) 32.63

Mean 12.08SE(d) 0.378CD at 5% 0.824

Treatments Calyx split (%)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2

2

2

15

To manage leaf spot

incidence, as soil

application @ 25 g/m followed by foliar

application @ 0.5 % at monthly intervals

was effective with lower disease incidence

(24.79 % of PDI compared to 54.03 % PDI

in control).

Alternaria

Bacillus subtilis2

Leaf spot symptom in leaf Flower bud

Impact: The technologies developed in the project were disseminated to carnation growers of

Nilgiris and Kodaikanal regions through various trainings and field demonstrations. Impact analysis

indicated that adoption of the improved production technologies, eco-friendly pest and disease

management methods had led to an overall increase in productivity from 12 to 16 flowers/plant/crop

and flower yield/m from 204.00 to 229.56 in I flush, 268.20 to 310.80 in II flush, 192.00 to 204.00 in III

flush of flowering. This has ultimately led to increase in proportion of 'A' grade flowers from 70 % to 84

% followed by a subsequent increase in the price of flower from Rs.3/- per stem (2008) to Rs.3.60 per

stem (2013).

The fixed cost for carnation cultivation is Rs. 4.88 lakhs for 500 m greenhouse area. Total variable

cost per crop is Rs. 3.83 lakhs. Growers were getting a gross income of Rs. 5.51 lakhs and a net income

of Rs. 1.67 lakhs from carnation cultivation in an area of 500 sq.m.

2

2

ii) Standardization of technologies for post harvest management and value addition

Jasmine

Research was taken up to standardize improved post harvest management methods for jasmine

flowers. In the trial to standardize chemical treatments to increase the shelf life of jasmine (

) flowers, treatment with boric acid @ 4% proved beneficial in increasing the shelf life of

jasmine flowers by recording a shelf life of 42.88 hours as against 32 hours in control for long distance

market.

In the trial taken up to identify ideal packing and lining material for jasmine flowers, treating

jasmine strings (210 cm long) with 4% boric acid (floral preservative) followed by packing in

Corrugated Fibre Board packaging with butter paper lining material was best for Dubai market. For

USA market, jasmine strings (30 cm long) were treated with 4% boric acid (floral preservative) and

packed in small boxes (11 x 13.5 x 4 cm) and 24 such small boxes were packed in thermocole box (60

cm x 45 cm x 30 cm) with aluminium foil lining. In the thermocole box, three layers of small boxes

were placed and in between the layers gel ice sheets were placed and the whole pack was covered with

aluminium foil.

In the trial taken up to standardize long term storage of jasmine flowers treated with 4%

boric acid and packed in pp 60 μ and in turn packed in CFB packaging had an extended shelf life of

192.32 h when stored at 7ºC. In also, storage at 7 C had an extended shelf life upto

156.32 h under package of pp 60μ + salicylic acid 50 ppm + CFB packaging. The export packaging

technology has been filed for patenting (Patent no. 1370/CHE/2010 dt. 14.05.2010)

Various fillers namely rose petals, ixora, carnation, cocks comb and golden rod and tinted tuberose

flowers were identified as suitable for jasmine garland preparation. Such tinted tuberose flowers were

found highly suitable for value addition of jasmine.

For tuberose tinting, different acid dyes ., bromocresol green, bromophenol blue, phenol red,

eosin and food dyes ., orange red, lemon yellow, apple green were used. Among the dyes food dyes

were associated with better colour uptake and shelf life (2 days).

Jasminum

sambac

J. sambac

J. grandiflorum

viz

viz

º

Contributors: 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd., Ooty

16

Impact: Adoption of the export packaging

technology by commercial exporters has helped to

reduce post harvest losses from 40% to 10% while

simultaneously leading to an increase in the export

volume from 600 kg/day for 260 days/yr (before

intervention) to 900 kg/day (after intervention) for

Dubai market and from 500 kg/day for 52 days/yr

(before intervention) to 1,000 kg/day for 104 days/ yr

(after intervention). Further, the following 6 new

exporters were promoted.

S.No. New Exporters Volume of export (kg/week)

1. M/s. Karthika Exports, Salem 1500

2. M/s. Barath Exports, Coimbatore 2400

3. M/s. FS Exports, Coimbatore 2400

4. M/s. Navakshi Exports, Madurai 300

5 M/s. Jai Expoters, Nilakottai 600

6 M/s. Kannan Exporters, Chennai 600

Scientific export packaging technology for USA market

Fresh flowers

Flowers made as string

Tied strings

cut into

30 cm

pieces

Jasmine string treated

with boric acid @ 4 %

Strings are

packed

in small

boxes

Ice gel

placed

over small

boxes

Small boxes placed

in thermocole boxes

lined with

aluminium foil

Ready for airlifting to

USA market

Scientific export packaging technology for Dubai market

Fresh flowers

Flowers made as string

Patent file No. 1370/CHE/2010

Jasmine string treated

with boric acid @ 4 %

Ready for airlifting to

Dubai market

Treated jasmine strings

packed in ventilated corrugated

Fibre board boxes

Contributors : 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. Vanguard Exports, Coimbatore

17

Marigold

Research on standardization of packaging technology for the

marigold hybrid L3 was taken up and effectiveness of the packaging

materials was assessed based on physiological loss in weight of

flowers and their xanthophyll content. Corrugated fibre board (CFB)

boxes were identified as the most ideal packaging materials based on

the lowestphysiological loss inweight (0.33%against5%incontrol)

by the flowers packed and transported in these packaging materials.

Thishas reduced themechanicaldamageof the flowerswhich in turn

reducedthewastageofflowers.

Flowers after transportation

Contributors : 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. AVT Natural Products. Ltd, Sathyamangalam

Carnation

Post harvest management

Precooling of carnation flowers at 40C for

4 hours after harvest resulted in extension of

vase life of flowers upto 10.00 days (against

8.25 days in control). The ethylene evolution

recorded lowest values during 2, 4, 6 days

after treatment with 1.00, 8.80, 12.40 ppm

(against control with 5.43, 16.92, 18.60 ppm).

Pulsing of carnation flowers with sucrose 10% + citric acid 100 ppm + 8HQ 400 ppm for 24 hours

duration and then kept in distilled water, extended the vase life of the flowers upto 12.50 days (against

7.50 days in control).

Packed flowers ready fortransportation

Measuring respiration and ethylene evolution rates

Polyethylene sleeves Butter paper News paper

Pulsing solution

Holding solution

18

Wrapping materials

Wrapping of carnation flowers with polyethylene sleeves

of 50 gauge thickness fared best in retaining the freshness of

flowers upto 11.20 days (against 7.00 days in control).

Using a holding solution made of sucrose 5 % + citric acid

50 ppm + BA 75 ppm extended the vase life of flowers to

14.25 days (against 8.60 days in control).

Packing of carnation flowers in corrugated fibre board

boxes with 2 ply thickness and 4 % ventilations proved best in

extending the vase life of flowers up to 12.50 days (against

5.00 days in control).

Impact: Impact analysis revealed that improved post

harvest management practices namely precooling, pulsing,

wrapping, holding and packing could extend the vase life

from 7.00 days in control to 12.50 days thus enabling long

distance marketing in the supply chain process.

Contributors: 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. ElkhillAgrotech Pvt. Ltd., Ooty

Dry flowers

Locally available species were identified and screened based on

their suitability for drying and value addition. Out of 50 plant

species studied, 44 were found suitable for dry flower product

making, based on their qualities such as good texture, less

brittleness, good shape retention, less change in colour intensity and

low shatter index.

Drying techniques were standardized for leaves of silver oak

( ), Thuja and ornamental Camellia and flowers of

green and yellow button chrysanthemum, red gerbera (

) and sp. Glycerinization (full dip method @

1:20) for leaves and silica gel + sand (1:1) embedding followed by

microwave drying for flowers were found best.

Grivillea robusta

Gerbera

jamesonii Plumeria

Research taken up to standardize

bleaching techniques for pods of

J a c a r a n d a m i m o s i f o l i a a n d

revealed

that soaking pods in sodium hydroxide

10% (overnight) and then with 2%

sodium hydroxide + 2.5% sodium

silicate + 35% hydrogen peroxide for

18 hours and 12 hours respectively

Castanospermum australe

was found superior. Research on dyeing of the pods of these two species indicated that red acrylic dyes

(0.2%) were ideal.

Utilizing the 44 identified plant species, 72 products (potpourris, garland, wreath, fairy pine cone

angel, Christmas snow man, gift decoration, Christmas candles, basket arrangements, wall hangings,

photo frames, hat arrangements, pen stands, key chains, ear rings and swag) were developed both for

export and domestic markets.

19

Castanospermum

Wreath

Jacaranda

Steps in bleaching

Dried pods Soaked in 10% NaOH Treated with 2% NaOH + 2.5 %

NaSiO + 35% H O3

2 2

Product developement Fully bleached pods

12 hrs

New Products

Pen stands

Hat arrangements

Pot pourri

Swag

Heart wreath

Key chain

Christmas candle

20

Score on dyeing consistency of pods under

different dyeing treatments at periodical intervels

jacaranda mimosifolia

5ply-180gsm FTHS style CFB carton 5ply-180gsm RSC style CFB carton

Response of dry flower products to drop test

Research taken up to identify safe packaging material for the transport of scented pine cones

revealed that 5ply 180 gsm Full Telescopic Half Slotted Container (FTHS) and 5ply 180 gsm Regular

Slotted Container (RSC) were ideal, as assessed through drop tests and vibration tests

Sl.

No.

Packaging material Damage intensity to the

product (%) due to dropping

Remarks

(level of damage)

1. 3 ply- 130 gsm- RSC (Control) 5.9 High

2. 3 ply-180 gsm- RSC 2.8 Moderate

3. 5 ply- 180 gsm- RSC 0 No

4. 7 ply-180 gsm- RSC 0 No

5. 3 ply- 180 gsm- FTHS 2.4 Moderate

6. 5 ply- 180 gsm FTHS 0 No

7. 7 ply- 180 gsm FTHS 0 No

SEd 0.0115

CD (0.05) 0.0236**

Impact: Identification of local plant species has helped to prevent the illegal collection of plants from

forests. Also identification of different plant species increased the volume of botanical export of the

Consortia Partner (M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd.,) significantly (from 600 tonnes to 1600 tonnes).

Botanicals were used in preparing dry flower products for export as well as domestic markets. Wreaths

made with the thuja and silver oak leaves processed adopting the improved processing techniques

developed in the project have created export opportunities to newer areas ., Europe and SouthAmerica.

The dyeing and bleaching techniques have paved way for development of newer products. Development

ofnew products has facilitated successful entry into thedomesticmarket apart fromtheexportmarket.

viz

Contributors: 1) TNAU, Coimbatore and 2) M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd., Salem

iii) Imparting training to growers and entrepreneurs on production and post production

technologies

Growers' and entrepreneurs' training

During the project period, a total of 71 training programmes were conducted under the categories

., production and post harvest technology of jasmine (5 Nos.), marigold (6 Nos.), carnation (10

Nos.), hands on training on value addition of jasmine (11 Nos.), entrepreneurial skill development

training programme on value addition and export promotion of jasmine (5 Nos.), hands on training on

dry flower technology (11 Nos.), entrepreneurial skill development training programme on processing

of dry flowers (4 Nos.), growers' training on commodity group formation (4 Nos.), training to

stakeholders of Madurai Malli Development Council (3 Nos.), Stakeholders' meet (1 No.), jasmine

concrete extraction demonstration (3 Nos.), exposure visit to flower growers (2 No.), training to

stakeholders fromAndhra Pradesh (2 Nos.), crop seminar (1 No.) and Closing workshop (1 No.).

viz

21

In total, 3798 beneficiaries were trained who included 395 jasmine growers*, 309 marigold growers,

473 carnation growers, 809 unemployed youth and women (jasmine), 225 entrepreneurs (jasmine)#,

463 unemployed youth and women (dry flowers), 240 entrepreneurs (dry flowers), 154 growers of

commodity groups and 730 flower growers.

Details of training programmes conducted

TrainingsNo. of

trainings

No. of

beneficiaries

Growers’ training on jasmine 5 *186

Hands on training on jasmine 11 809

Entrepreneurial training in jasmine 5 #164

Growers’ training in marigold 6 309

Growers’ training in carnation 10 Δ437

Hands on training in dry flowers 11 ®438

Entrepreneurial training in dry flowers 4 240

Commodity group formation 4 154

Madurai Malli Development Council 3 *86

Stakeholders’ Meet 1 $450

Jasmine concrete extraction demonstration 3 #61

Training to jasmine growers from Andhra Pradesh 2 *38

Exposure visit to flower growers 1 $30

One day crop seminar 1 *85

Demonstration – Carnation fumigation & precision

production technology 2 Δ36

Demonstration – Dry flower product making 1 ®25

Closing Workshop 1 $250

Total 71 3798

In respect of the number of beneficiaries trained, the achievement through the project is 18.68 %

higher than the target of the project which is 3200.

S.

No.

Particulars Jasmine Marigold Carnation

(Protected

cultivation)

Dry flowers

1. Incomeenhancement(Net)

Rs. 2,30,517/ha Rs. 40,271/ha Rs.1,67,000/500m2

-

2. Additional No.of farmerstaking upfloricultureactivities

2500(@Area expansion

of 1000 ha;average farm

holding of 1 acreper farmer)

5000(@Area

expansion of2000 ha; averagefarm holding of

1 acre per farmer)

150(@Area

expansion of25 ha; averagefarm holding of2000 sq.m. per

grower)

-

3. Entrepreneur-shipdevelopment

6 new exporters - - 2entrepreneurs

22

Training programmes conducted

Growers' training on jasmine

Entrepreneurial training on jasmine

Growers' training on marigold

Growers' training on carnation

Hands on training on jasmine

23

Training programmes conducted

Hands' on training on Dry flowers

Commodity group formation

Stakeholder's meet

Madurai malli Incubator

Entrepreneurial training on Dry flowers

24

Faculty training

Under the faculty training programme, 11 project staff as two groups underwent training

programme on "General Greenhouse management" at Horticulture Training Centre, Pune.

The following five project staff attended the training held between 2nd and 7th February 2009.

1. Dr. M. Ganga,Assistant Professor (Hort.) - CoPI

2. Dr. P. Muthulakshmi,Assistant Professor (Plant Pathology) -Associating Scientist

3. Dr. N. Venkatesa Palanichamy, Professor (Agrl. Marketing) -Associating Scientist

4. Mr. N. Elango,AVT Natural Products Pvt. Ltd - CCPI

5. Mr. T.R. Thilak Kumar, M/s. ElkhillAgrotech Pvt. Ltd. - CCPI

The following six project staff attended the training held between 27th February 2010 and 7th March

2010.

1. Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Professor & Head (Floriculture) - CPI

2. Dr. M. Kannan, Professor (Hort.) - CoPI

3. Dr. M. Kalyanasundaram, Professor (Agrl. Entomology) -Associating Scientist

4. Dr. V. Jegadeeswari,Assistant Professor (Hort.) -Associating Scientist

5. Mr. K. Sethumadhavan, M/s. Vanguard Exports - CCPI

6. Dr. B. Senthamilzselvi,Assistant Professor (Hort.), HRS, Kodaikanal

Contributors : Lead Centre & All Consortium Partners

Contributors : Lead Centre & All Consortium Partners

iv) Creation of floriculture database and facilitation of market linkages and supply chain

management in flowers for domestic and export trade

Database creation

Supply chain management

The following information has been collected and documented for database creation.

Area production and productivity of flowers in India

District-wise area, production and productivity of flowers in Tamil Nadu (2005-06)

District-wise area, production and productivity of

and in Tamil Nadu (2005-06)

Quantity and value of flowers export from India (2010)

Value chains of the focus crops (jasmine, marigold, carnation and dry flowers) were analysed.

Details of the analysis are furnished under the chapter 'Value chain analysis' (S.No.6)

Apart from this, a website has been created exclusively for NAIP to update and disseminate

information on different activities of the project. This website gives information on precision

production technologies of different flower crops (jasmine, marigold and carnation), forthcoming

trainings, conferences, workshops and contact details etc. Video documentation of precision

technologies on focus crops of the project has been done.

Jasminum grandiflorum, Jasminum sambac

Jasminum auriculatum

�

�

�

�

6. Value chain analysis

A complete analysis of the value chains pertaining to the three crops ., jasmine, marigold and

carnation and one value added product , dry flowers which are the focus crops of this project was

made, with respect to the prevailing marketing channels, economics of production, price spread, the

various stakeholders in each marketing channel and marketing efficiency of the various channels.

Salient features of the analysis are furnished below.

viz

viz.

25

Value chain on jasmine

Economics of jasmine production

Price spread of jasmine

Jasmine is one of the important flower crops in Tamil Nadu and is mainly cultivated in Erode,

Dindigul, Kanyakumari, Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore, Madurai, Salem, Tirunelveli, Virudhunagar

and Trichy districts of the state. Following six value chains were identified in the study area in

marketing of jasmine.

: Producer CommissionAgent Retailer Consumer

: Producer CommissionAgent Wholesaler Retailer Consumer

: Producer Wholesaler Retailer Consumer

: Producer CommissionAgent Processor

: Producer Retailer Consumer

: Producer Exporter Retailer Consumer

The channels II and III were the important channels of jasmine flower trade in the study area, since

major share (more than 60 %) of jasmine flowers was marketed through these channels.

To know the economics of Jasmine cultivation, information on cost and returns for jasmine flower

crop was collected through interview method. It is found that cost of the jasmine cultivation under

conventional and precision farming is Rs. 3,11,476 and Rs. 4,90,959 per hectare respectively. The

estimated net income worked out to be Rs. 3,08,524 and Rs. 5,39,041 per hectare respectively under

conventional and precision farming system.

Value chain I

Value chain II

Value chain III

Value chain IV

Value chain V

Value chain VI

� � �

� � � �

� � �

� �

� �

� �

Price spread of jasmine (Amount in Rs. per kg)

S.

NoParticulars Channel I Channel II Channel III Channel IV Channel V

1 Producer

AGross pricereceived

74.50 (56.22) 74.50 (40.4) 78.00 (37.08) 45.00 (100) 75.00 (58.36)

B Marketing cost 9.00 (6.79) 9.00 (4.89) 9.00 (4.27) 7.00 (15.55) 0.00 (0.00)

C Net price received 65.50 (49.43) 65.50 (35.60) 87.00 (41.36) 38.00 (84.44) 75.00 (58.36)

2Commission

agent*

3 Wholesaler - - - -

Purchase price - 74.50 (40.4) 87.00 (41.36) - -

Marketing cost - 3.25 (1.76) 3.25 (1.54) - -

Marketing Margin - 35.00 (19.02) 45.00 (21.39) - -

Sale price - 112.75 (61.28) 135.25 (64.30) - -

5 Processor - - - 45.00 (100) -

6 Retailer - -

A Purchase price 74.50 (56.22) 112.75 (61.28) 135.25 (64.30) - 75.00 (58.36)

B Marketing cost 14.00 (10.50) 15.06 (8.18) 15.06 (7.16) - 10.00 (7.78)

C Marketing Margin 43.50 (32.83) 56.16 (30.52) 60.00 (28.50) - 43.50 (33.85)

D Sale price 132.50 (100) 183.97 (100) 189.75 (100) - 128.50 (100)

4Price paid by the

Consumer132.50 (100) 183.97 (100)

210.31 (100) -128.50 (100)

5 Price spread 58.00 (43.77) 109.47 (59.50) 132.31 (62.91) - 53.50 (41.63)

6Marketing

efficiency5.76 6.73 7.70

-12.85

*Not present in commodity group

Producer

From the above table it could be inferred that producer was getting Rs. 65.50 per kg of jasmine in

Channels I and II and in Channels III, IV and V the producer received net price of Rs. 87, Rs. 38 and 75

26

per kg respectively. Therefore producer's share in the consumer's rupee was found to be 49.43, 35.60,

41.36, 84.44 and 58.36 per cent respectively. Marketing cost incurred by the producer was Rs. 9 per kg

in Channels I, II, III and IV but in Channel V marketing cost is nil because retailer directly purchase the

flowers from the producer. Among these, Channel V gives highest net price (Rs. 75) to the producer

which was 58.36 per cent of the consumer's rupee. Apart from this, the Channel VI (Export channel)

gives a net price of Rs. 120 per kg to the producer but very few farmer's were selling their produce under

this channel because of quality of production requirements.

Commission agents receive a commission of 2-3 per cent from the wholesalers and retailers

respectively.

The wholesalers (Channels II and III) incurred Rs. 3.25 per kg as marketing cost and get the

marketing margin of Rs. 35 and Rs. 45 per kg of flowers.

The marketing cost incurred by the retailers in various channels worked out to be Rs. 14, Rs. 15.06,

Rs. 15.06 and Rs. 10 per kg whereas the marketing margins worked out to be Rs. 43.50, Rs. 56.16, Rs.

60 and Rs. 43.50 per kg respectively for the Channels I, II, III and IV respectively and this accounts for

32.83, 30.52, 28.50, and 33.85 per cent of the Consumer's rupee.

Consumers purchased the flowers from the final retailers for Rs. 132.50, Rs. 183.97, Rs. 210.31 and

Rs. 128.50 in the Channels I, II, III and V respectively.

Jasmine concrete extractors in and around Sathyamangalam and Coimbatore area were procuring

the flowers from market as well as from farm gate at a price of Rs. 40 - 60 per kg particularly during

evening hours because flower price generally declines in the evening hours.

Jasmine flowers brought to the market early in the morning fetch a higher price rather than the flower

brought to the market during later part of the day. Those flowers brought to the market in the evening

may not fetch a good price because the quality in terms of size and color of the flower may not be as like

in the morning arriving flowers. Generally, flowers are graded based on unopened bud size, corolla tube

length and freshness. Usually, opened flowers are taken to the concrete extraction units.

After harvesting, the flowers are packed in the gunny bags and transported to the flower market;

where flowers will be auctioned and then flowers are packed in the large sized gunny bags with proper

ventilation. Later, flowers were loaded in the minivan and sent to Bengaluru market by road. From

Coimbatore airport, flowers were sent to Hyderabad market by air transport. Before loading the flowers

in the van, flowers were pre cooled (sprinkling of cool water) for few hours (one to two hours) in the

market yard itself.

Commission agent

Wholesaler

Retailers

Consumers

Processors

Grading and standardization

Packaging and handling

Transportation

S. No Particulars Transportation Mode

1 Farm gate� Flower market Two wheeler, bicycle, bus.

2Flower market Coimbatore,Hyderabad, Bengaluru

Trucks, refrigerated trucks, Air

3 Coimbatore Dubai, USA market Air

4Flowermarket processingindustries (Mettupalayam)

Trucks, vans

27

�

�

�

Role of commodity group in jasmine marketing

Impact of trainings on the technology adoption among jasmine farmers

Conclusion

Value chain on marigold

Economics of marigold production

Two commodity groups were formed and one flower growers association was strengthened, so as to

facilitate better marketing of flowers. The two commodity groups were formed at Kallipalayam

(Kallipalayam Village Flower Growers Association, Coimbatore district) and Nilakottai (Nilakottai

Flower Growers Association, Dindigul district). Each of these two groups has 40 Jasmine growers as

members.

The flower growers' association at Sathyamangalam viz, Tamil Nadu Flower Growers' Association

with 3000 members was linked with the project. The members of the commodity groups and the flower

growers association have unique membership cards and numbers. The group collects Rs. 3/- per

kilogram of jasmine flowers from the farmers as marketing fee through which a corpus fund is operated

to facilitate smooth functioning of the commodity groups. The associations have taken a group

insurance to members through whom they can claim financial benefit in case of catastrophe during

transportation of the flowers to the markets. The commodity group has created infrastructure with

equipments such as weighing machine, steel trays for spreading the flowers and water tank for pre

cooling of the flowers before packaging into gunny bags especially for long distance transportation.

It is revealed from the impact study on technology adoption, the adoption level of recommended

production technologies were present in the following order (high to low) such as adopting proper

spacing (89%), pruning (85%), soil and water test (67%), fertigation scheduling (64%), pest and

disease identification (46%), application of growth regulators (53%), and pre-cooling (43%). It could

be inferred from the above results that majority of the trained farmers were regular in adopting

technologies.

Among the different channels of jasmine marketing, Channel V (producer to retailer to consumer)

was found to be the most efficient having higher marketing efficiency of 12.85 per cent with lowest

price spread (53.50 %), because of the non-involvement of the commission agent and wholesaler in this

channel and retailers were directly purchasing from the producers and also in this channel producer did

not incurred any marketing cost. Finally, net price received by the producer is Rs. 75 per kilogram

which is the highest among all other channels.

Marigold is valued as a loose flower for making garlands and also it is used to extract the

Xanthophyll for export purpose. ICAR-NAIP consortium partner M/s. AVT Natural Products Ltd. is

involved in contract farming of marigold for Xanthophyll production. Following four supply chains

were identified in the study area in case of marigold marketing.

: Producer CommissionAgent Retailer Consumer

: Producer CommissionAgent Wholesaler Retailer Consumer

I : Producer Wholesaler Retailer Consumer

: Producer Processor

The Channels III and IV are important in trade of marigold in the study area because major portion of

the produce was marketed through these channels. Channel IV where in the farmers were selling the

flowers directly to the processor through the contract farming was strengthened through the NAIP-

project in collaboration with the Consortium Partner M/s.AVT Naturals Products Ltd,.

Total expenditure incurred in marigold cultivation is Rs. 59,136 per hectare under conventional

farming system and Rs. 77,275 per hectare under precision farming system. Net profit is Rs. 79,024 per

Value chain I

Value chain II

Value chain II

Value chain IV

� � �

� � � �

� � �

�

28

hectare under conventional farming and Rs. 1,19,295 per hectare under precision farming. By spending

an extra amount of Rs. 18,139 per hectare towards adopting specific technologies developed through

NAIP, the farmer has got an additional net income of Rs. 40,271 per hectare.

Price Spread of Marigold

Price spread of marigold (Amount in Rs / Quintal)

Particulars Channel I Channel II Channel III Channel IV

Producer

Gross Price 400 (59.52) 400 (47.90) 450 (49.07) 600

Marketing cost 27.5 (4.09) 27.5 (3.29) 27.5 (2.99) -

Net price 372.5 (55.43) 372.5 (44.61) 422.5 (46.07) 600

Commission Agent - - - -

Wholesaler - -

Purchase price - 400 (47.90) 450 (49.07) -

Marketing cost - 10 (1.19) 12 (1.30) -

Marketing margin - 100 (11.97) 125 (13.63) -

Sale price - 510 (61.07) 587 (64.01) -

Processor - - - 600

Retailer

Purchase price 400 (59.52) 510 (61.07) 587 (64.01) -

Marketing cost 22 (3.27) 25 (2.99) 30 (3.27) -

Marketing margin 250 (37.20) 300 (35.92) 300 (32.71) -

Sale price 672 (100) 835 (100) 917 (100) -

Price paid by

consumer672 835 917 -

Price spread 272 (40.47) 435 (52.09) 467 (50.92) -

Marketing efficiency 12.57 12.36 12.19 -

Producer

Commission agent

Wholesaler

Retailer

From the above table, it could be inferred that the producer was getting a net price of Rs.

372.5/quintal of marigold in Channels I and II and Rs. 422.5 and Rs. 600 in Channels III and IV

respectively. Marketing cost incurred by the producer is Rs. 27.5 in all the three channels, but in

Channel IV marketing cost is nil because they directly sell the flowers to processor through contract

farming. The Channel IV gives the highest net price (Rs. 600) to the producer because of the contract

farming arrangement between producer and processor.

A commission agent does not take the title of the flowers traded and he receives the commission of

2-3 per cent from the wholesaler and retailer.

The wholesalers incurs marketing cost of Rs. 10 and Rs. 12 and gets the marketing margin of Rs. 100

and Rs. 125 which is 11.97 and 13.63 per cent of consumer's price in Channels II and III respectively.

The marketing cost incurred by the retailers in various channels worked out to be Rs. 22, Rs. 25, and

Rs. 30 whereas marketing margins worked out to be Rs. 250, Rs. 300, and Rs. 300 respectively for the

Channels I, II and III. This accounts for 37.20, 35.92, and 32.71 per cent of the consumer's price.

29

Consumers

Processors

Grading and standardization

Packaging and handling

Transportation

Consumers purchase the flowers from the final retailers for Rs. 672, Rs. 835 and Rs. 917 in Channels

I, II and III respectively.

M/s. AVT Natural Products Ltd. Sathyamangalam is involved in contract farming of marigold for

xanthophyll production and they are directly purchasing the flowers from producers at Rs. 600 per

quintal.

In absence of scientific grading and sorting mechanism, the flowers are graded into different classes

based on colour and flower size.

After harvesting, the flowers are packed in the gunny bags and transported to the flower market.

From the flower market, flowers were packed in large sized gunny bags with proper ventilation and

transported to the Bangaluru, Hyderabad and Coimbatore markets. Before packing, the flowers are pre

cooled for four hours in the market yard itself. Some of the trained farmers were using the packaging

technology developed through NAIP.

S. No Particulars Transportation Mode

Farm gate � Flower market

Flower market � Coimbatore Hyderabad, Bengaluru

Farm gate �Processing industry (Sathyamangalam)-

Two wheeler, bicycle, bus.

Trucks, refrigerated trucks

Trucks, vans

1.2.3.

Strengthening of contract farming in marigold cultivation

Impact of trainings on the technology adoption among the marigold farmers

Conclusion

Value chain of carnation

Marigold flowers are marketed mostly in the local markets through three different channels. But the

farmers are affected by exploitation of middlemen, lack of assured price and timely availability of

inputs. To eliminate all those constraints, NAIP has intervened in marigold marketing by strengthening

contract farming mechanism by way of creating awareness through different training programmes. In

contract farming system harvesting is done by farmers and transportation and processing are done by

M/sAVT Natural Product's Ltd., Sathyamangalam and the farmers are getting assured price of Rs. 6 per

kg, timely inputs, advanced technologies and consultancy services from sponsoring firms. Because of

price assurance, the area under contract farming has increased from 2000 ha in 2008 to 6000 ha in 2013.

Under the NAIP scheme, trainings were given to the farmers in different aspects of marigold

cultivation such as production, post harvest and marketing. The impact study revealed the adoption

level of recommended technologies such as soil and water test (40%), use of bio-fertilizers (77%),

précised transplanting (80%), application of micronutrients (47%), pest and disease identification

(60%) and use of bio-pesticides (77%).

Channel IV (producer to processor) is the most efficient one because the producer receives higher

price (Rs. 600 per quintal) through contract farming system where the farmers are directly linked to the

processor by eliminating the middlemen in the market channel. Most of the farmers in the study area

have adopted technologies developed through the NAIPProject.

Following six value chains of carnation were identified in the study area.

: Producer CommissionAgent Wholesaler Retailer ConsumerValue chain I � � � �

30

Value chain II

Value chain III

Value chain IV

Value chain V

: Producer Wholesaler Consumer

: Producer Local trader Wholesaler Consumer

: Producer Wholesaler Exporter Consumer

: Producer Exporter Consumer

More than 70 per cent of carnation flower is marketed through Channels I, II, and III. Channels IV

and V are mainly used for export of flowers to foreign countries.

The fixed cost for carnation cultivation is Rs.4.88 lakhs for 500 m greenhouse area. Total variable

cost per crop was Rs. 3.83 lakhs, among the variable costs, planting material cost alone was 28 per cent

of the total variable cost. Growers were getting a gross income of Rs. 5.51 lakhs and a net income of Rs.

1.67 lakhs from carnation cultivation in an area of 500 .

Carnation flowers are graded based on stalk length, stem thickness and flower size as grades A, B

and C.

After grading, the flowers are bunched in two layers with 20 flowers per bunch for standard

carnation types and 10 stems per bunch (consisting of 35 opened or partially opened flowers) for spray

carnation types. Most of the growers are using butter paper covers for packaging of carnation flowers

which was recommended through training programme and few growers are using newspaper covers for

packaging of flowers.

Flowers harvested from various interior fields of Nilgiris are collected by the agents of wholesalers

and sent to local collection point at Ooty, from where the flowers are sent to Bengaluru market through

trucks. From the Bengaluru market, the wholesalers are sending the flower to domestic retailers and

export markets.

Carnation is marketed through middlemen at fixed price (A grade @ Rs. 3.60/stem, B grade @ Rs.

3.00/stem and C grade @ R. 1/stem) or directly to the wholesaler and retailer at daily market price. The

growers are affected by unorganized marketing systems coupled with lack of marketing information

and price fluctuation. To eliminate these problems, daily market information is seak directly to the

growers through mobile phone.

Marketing is said to be efficient, if the total marketing margins are higher per unit of marketing cost.

Themarketing efficiencyof thevarious valuechains ofCarnationwas estimatedusingCalkin's index.

� �

� � �

� � �

� �

2

m2

Economics of carnation cultivation (500 sq.m)

Grading and standardization

Packaging and handling

Transportation

Marketing

Marketing efficiency

Marketing efficiency of carnation by using Calkin's index

S.

NoMarket Channel

Sum of

profit

Sum ofmarketing cost

Marketing

Efficiency

Value chain I 1.53 2.50 1.61

Value chain II 1.55 1.95 1.79

1

2

3 Value chain III 1.30 2.00 1.65

The results of marketing efficiency analysis presented in the above table revealed that the marketing

efficiency was relatively high for the Value chain II. In this chain, the number of intermediaries was

less, hence the wholesaler can directly purchase from growers. Hence Value chain II is the most

efficient.

31

Impact of trainings on the technology adoption among carnation growers

Conclusion

Sourcing of raw materials

Processing

Marketing

Diagrammatic depictions of Value chains

Impact study revealed the adoption level of the recommended technologies namely soil and water

test (57%), fumigation and bed preparation technologies (97%), fertigation schedule (70%), proper

planting methods (60%), pinching and micronutrient spray (50%), pest and disease identification

(47%), proper harvesting and disbudding (100%) and Borax spray to control calyx splitting (100%).

Value chain II gives higher profit to the growers because of the higher marketing efficiency (1.76)

and lower marketing cost (Rs. 1.90/stem) and this Channel II is promoted through fixed price marketing

to give assured price to the growers. Majority of the growers have adopted

Dry flowers are being produced and exported to foreign countries by one of the Consortium

Partners, M/s. Salem Spices. For dry flower production, raw materials are sourced from different places

both within and outside the state (West Bengal, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh). In Tamil Nadu raw materials

are sourced from various places such as Dindigul, Tuticorin, Yercaud, Rameswaram and Cuddalore.

From different places the raw materials are brought to the processing factory at Mathur in Puthukottai

district by trucks and train cargo. Before intervention by NAIP, major part of the raw materials was

procured from outside Tamil Nadu and this increased the cost of sourcing and transportation. Through

NAIPintervention 44 new species have been identified from the native flora of Tamil Nadu, and this has

considerably reduced the cost involved in sourcing and transportation.

Before intervention by NAIP, the raw materials were processed using conventional processing

technologies. After intervention by NAIP, the raw materials are being processed using advanced

drying, glycerinization, bleaching and dyeing technologies through which the quality of product has

improved. Further, 72 new products have been developed out of which 20 products have been found

ideal for export market and 52 for domestic market. Thus the NAIP intervention has improved the

product portfolio of the partner, both at domestic and export markets.

Dry flower products of the Consortium Partner were initially being exported only to USA, Europe

and South American markets. However after intervention by NAIP, the products are also marketed in

domestic markets. For export market, safe packaging technology has been developed through NAIP to

minimize the transportation loss. After NAIP intervention, value of export by the unit has increased

from Rs. 4.3 crore to Rs. 9.5 crore and the value of domestic market has increased from Rs. 8 lakhs to Rs

12 lakhs per annum.

The status of the floriculture value chain with respect to the focus crops of this project at the point of

time of proposing the present project (2008), in comparison with possible projections at the end of

project period (2014) is depicted in the following value chain.

technologies recommended

under the NAIPprojects training programmes.

Dry flowers

32

The various missing links identified in the value chains based on preliminary interactions with

stakeholders and baseline analysis, the interventions proposed through this project to ameliorate the

constraints identified and the outcome of the various interventions made in the project are indicated for

the individual focus crops in the following flow diagrams.

33

Flow diagram on jasmine value chain

Flow diagram on marigold value chain

Flow diagram on carnation value chain

34

Flow diagram on dry flowers value chain

After completion of the proposed objectives of the project , taking up need-based research to

develop improved production, post harvest and value addition technologies; dissemination of the

developed technologies to the relevant stakeholders and facilitation of market linkages, a flow diagram

comparing the status of the value chain before and after the project's intervention was prepared which is

furnished below.

viz.

35

The outcome of the interventions made in the project and steps taken for sustainability of the project

are depicted in the following two-way table.

A comparison was made between status of the focus crops before and after intervention, in terms of

area, production and value.

36

7. Innovation

Export packaging technology for Ait. for long

distance market

Jasminum sambac

An export packaging technology was developed with the objective of

minimizing the high post harvest losses (40%) encountered during transit.

Jasmine buds are harvested early in the morning before 7.00am at fully

developed tight bud stage. The buds are then value added (ie. made into

strings) for exporting to USA market. The strings are cut into pieces of 30

cm length and are subjected to post harvest chemical treatment by dipping

in boric acid @ 4%. Then the strings are surface dried and packed in small

aluminium lined cardboard boxes of dimension 11 x 13.5 x 4 cm and

further lined with butter paper. Five pieces of strings forming around 150

cm together are packed in one small box and these boxes are then packed in

thermocol box of dimension 60 x 45 x 30 cm lined with aluminium foil in

three layers comprising of 24 boxes with 8 boxes per layer and in between

each layer ice gel sheets are placed. Finally, the top layer is covered with

aluminium foil and the boxes are closed and covered with brown sealing

tape. The whole packages thus prepared are then sent for airlifting to USA

market.

Comparison of treated and untreated flowers after unpacking

Impact

�

�

�

�

�

Shelf life of flowers increased to 72 hours against 36 hours in normal packaging system

Instead of shredded ice packed in polythene cover, use of ice gel sheets in between the small boxes

reduced the weight and volume of the packages of export. The use of ice gel sheets in the boxes

creates low temperature (4 to 160C; 40C during packaging and 160C during unpacking at

destination) and uniform distribution of chillness and moisture in the packs helps in increasing the

shelf life.

Post harvest losses were reduced from 40% to 10% and the export volume increased to 1000 kg/

day in 2013 (100%) from 500kg/day in 2008.

Before NAIP intervention, the net profit gained was only Rs. 9,250/day, and after the intervention

it increased to Rs. 17,500/day.

Further, 6 new exporters of jasmine flowers were promoted in Tamil Nadu

Treated flowers UnTreated flowers

37

S.

No.

(Process/Product

/Technology

Developed

Adoption/ Validation/ Commercialization, etc.Responsible

Partner

1. Export

packaging

technology for

jasmine

� Reduced post harvest loss (40 to 10%)

� Increase in export volume

Dubai : from 600 to 900 kg/day (5days/week)

USA : from 500 to 1000 kg/day

(from 1 day to 2 days/week)

� Increase in net profit

Dubai : from Rs.2,250 to Rs.9,250/day

USA : from Rs.9,250 to Rs.17,250/day

TNAU &

M/s.

Vanguard

Exports

2. Precision

production

technology for

jasmine

� Increase in yield:

from 7.48 t/ha to 12.41 t/ha (66 % increase)

� Increase in concrete recovery: from 0.19% to 0.22%

� Reduced incidence of bud worm:

from 39.70% to 4.53%

TNAU

3. Precision

production

technology for

marigold

� Increase in yield:

from 25.12 t/ha to 35.74 t/ha (42.27% increase)

� Increase in xanthophyll content:

from 1.44g to 1.99g (38.19% increase)

� Increase in price of flowers:

from Rs.2750/t (2008) to Rs.6000/t (2013)

TNAU &

M/s. AVT

Natural

Products

Ltd.

4. Precision

production

technology for

carnation

� Increase in productivity:

from 12 to 16 flower stems/plant/crop

� Reduced incidence of calyx splitting

from 32.63 to 3.13%

� Increase of ‘A’ grade flowers: from70% to 84%

� Increase in price of ‘A’ grade flowers

from Rs.3 to Rs.3.60 /flower stem

TNAU &

M/s. Elkhill

Agrotech

Pvt. Ltd.

5. Improved dry

flower

production

technology

� Identified 44 new native plant species

� Developed 72 new products

� Increase in value of export:

from Rs.4.3 crore to Rs.9.5 crore /year

� New countries viz., Europe and South America

included for export

� Increase in value of domestic trade :

from Rs.6-8 lakhs to Rs. 12 lakhs / year

TNAU &

M/s. Salem

Spices Pvt.

Ltd.

8. Process/ Product/Technology Developed

38

S.

No.

Title of Patent Inventor(s) (Name & Address) Filed/Publis

hed/Granted

(No./Date)

Responsible

Partner

1. Export packagingtechnology forjasmine (Jasminum

sambac Ait.) flowers

Jawaharlal, M.1,S. P. Thamaraiselvi 2,M. Ganga3 and K. Sethumadhavan4

� 1 to 3 - Dept. of Floriculture &Landscaping, HC & RI, TNAU

� 4 - M/s Vanguard Exports(Consortium Partner)

Filed(1370/CHE

/2010 dt.14.05.2010)

TNAU &M/s.Vanguard

Exports,Coimbatore

9. Patents (Filed/Granted)

10. Linkages and Collaborations

Sl.

No.Organization Nature of linkage developed

1. M/s. AVT Natural Products Pvt.Ltd., Erode Dt., Tamil Nadu

CCPI - Contract farming system of AVT was refinedthrough various research and training programmes of theproject

2. M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd.,Salem, Tamil Nadu

CCPI - Dry flower technologies originally adopted by thepartners were refined through research taken up under theproject and facilitated export promotion

3. M/s. Vanguard Exports,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

CCPI - Export packaging technology for jasmine originallyadopted by the partner was improved scientifically throughresearch, enabling export to distant overseas markets (USA)

4. M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd.,The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu

CCPI - Research taken up in the project resulted inimproved production technology for carnation in the state

5. KVK, UPASI, The Nilgiris Dt.,Tamil Nadu Associate Partners - Training programmes of the project

have led to improved collaborations with Self Help Groupsinvolved in floriculture

6. Deepam Self Help Group,Kotagiri, The Nilgiris Dt., TamilNadu

7. State Horticultural Department,Tamil Nadu

Facilitated identification of beneficiaries for trainingprogrammes

8. HTC, Pune Offered Faculty Training on ‘Green house management’

9. NABARD, Salem Offered consultancy on financial assistance to commercialfloriculture ventures to growers and entrepreneurs

10. Canara Bank, Coimbatore

11. State Bank of India, Coimbatore

12. Tamil Nadu Flower Grower’sAssociation at Sathyamangalam,Erode District

Commodity group strengthened - Tamil Nadu FlowerGrowers’ Association at Sathyamangalam, Erode District.Registered S. No. 41/2007

13. Dindigul District FlowerGrower’s Association atNilakottai, Dindigul District

Commodity group formed - Dindigul District FlowerGrowers’ Association at Nilakottai, Dindigul District

Registered S. No. 159/2010

39

14. NESTHAM, Vijayawada, AndhraPradesh

Institute for Sustainable Development of Marginalized - Topromote jasmine cultivation in Andhra Pradesh

15. Madurai Malli Incubator &Madurai Malli DevelopmentCouncil, Agricultural College andResearch Institute, Madurai

Jasmine Export Packaging Technology developed throughthe project is being disseminated to growers andentrepreneurs in Madurai area in collaboration with MMI &MMDC at Madurai

16. Indian Farmers Fertilizer Co-operative Ltd., Sathyamangalam,Erode Dt.

Collaborated for transfer of technology on precisionproduction and export packaging technology of jasmine

17. Thengumarahada Co-operativeFarmers’ Society, the Nilgiris Dt.

250 farmers linked with M/s. AVT Natural Products Ltd.,(CP) under contract farming system for marigold

18. Madurai Malli Producers’Society, Madurai

Society formed through MMDC & ABD Unit, AC&RIMadurai with 22 members

11. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Framework

12.Constraints, if any and remedial measures taken

Sl.

No.Constraints Remedial measures taken

1. Procedural difficulties in purchase of

hexane (an explosive) for jasmine

concrete extraction pilot plant

Hexane was purchased following systematic

procedures with the support of the University

Project activities Issues Mitigation measures

Environmental

Research on protectedcultivation technologies offlowers

Disposal ofgreenhouse claddingmaterial

Recycling of cladding materials isadvocated through training

Hazards to workersdue to use ofchemicals in a closedenvironment

� Appropriate training was given togreenhouse managers and workers totake up protective measures

� Eco-friendly pest and diseasemanagement methods which use lesschemicals have been standardized

Raw materials for dryflower making

Possibility ofexploitation of forestresources

Around 44 local plant species have beenidentified for cultivation & use for dryflower product making. This can help toreduce exploitation of forest resource

Social

Organizing trainingprogrammes,demonstrations andexposure visits for flowergrowers / growers’associations

Conflicts arisingamong growers inbeneficiary selectionfor exposure visits

Final selection of beneficiaries was madein consultation with the State DepartmentOfficials, SHGs and Flower Growers’Association

Imparting training onpreparation of value addedproducts to women folkand unemployed youth

Possibilities of childlabour

Through the training programmes,employing child labour was discouraged

40

Sl. No. Publications Nos.

1. Research paper 17

2. Book 4

3. Book chapter 6

4. Thesis 15

5. Popular article (English) 5

6. News paper article 26

7. Abstracts 27

8. Manual 1

9. Lead paper presentation 6

10. Popular article (other language) 5

Abstract of publications made*

13. Publications

Few important publications in peer reviewed journals are given below.

A. Research papers in peer reviewed journals

S.

No

Authors, Title of the paper,

Name of Journal, Year, Vol. & Page No.

NAAS

Ratings

Responsible

Partner

1. Jawaharlal M , Visalakshi M, Cintu S and Ganga, M. 2013.

Standardization for drying, bleaching and dyeing process in

dried flowers. Journal of Horticultural Sciences 8 (1): 65 - 69

3.6

TNAU &

M/s. Salem

Spices Pvt. Ltd.

2. Thamaraiselvi S P, Jawaharlal ,M Ganga, M and Varadharaju

N. 2010. Packaging technology for long term storage of

jasmine ( Jasminum sambac Ait.) flowers. Journal of

Ornamental Horticulture 13 (3): 171 -181.

3.7

TNAU &

M/s. Vanguard

Exports

3. Karthikeyan S , Jawaharlal M and Ganga M. 2009. Effect of

boron on calyx splitting in Carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus

Linn.). Journal of Ornamental Horticulture 12(4): 269-273.

3.7

TNAU &

M/s. Elkhill

Agrotech Pvt.

Ltd.

S

No

Authors, Name of the book, Publisher, Year Responsib

le partner

1.

Jawaharlal M, Ganga M, Padmadevi K, Jegadeeswari V and Karthikeyan S.

2010. A Technical Guide on Carnation, p 56 Sri Sakthi Publications,

Coimbatore. (ISBN No 819080809-5)

TNAU

2. Jawaharlal M . 2012. Tamil compendium on “Hi -tech flower cultivation”, p

100 Sri Sakthi Publications, Coimbatore. (ISBN No. 819233063-X)

TNAU

B. Books/ Book chapters/ Abstracts/ Popular articles, Brochures, etc

41

14. Media Products Developed/Disseminated

S.

No.

CD, Bulletins, Brochures, etc , (Year wise) No. of

copies

Distrib

ution

Responsible

partner

1. Folders (10 Nos.) 5000 5000

TNAU & all

Consortium

Partners

2 Leaflets/Handouts (8 Nos.) 4000 4000

3. CDs (3 Nos.) 150 150

4. Videos (5 Nos.) 250 250

5. Technical Bulletins (4 Nos.) 400 400

* List of media products given in Annexure I

15. Meetings/Seminars/Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc organized

S.

No.

Details of

Meetings/Seminars/

Trainings, etc.

Duration

(From-To)

No. of

Personnel

Trained

Budget

(Rs. in

lakhs)

Organizer

(Name &

Address)

1. Production and postharvest technologyof carnation

12.12.08, 25.02.09, 22.10.09 &23.10.09, 28.01.10, 07.01.11,

11.03.11, 18.11.11 & 10.02.12,06.12.12 & 07.12.12,01.08.13 & 02.08.13

437 0.78 TNAU &M/s. Elkhill

Agrotech Pvt.Ltd.

2. Production and postharvest technologyof jasmine

26.12.08, 11.02.10, 31.03.11 &12.11.11

186 0.09 TNAU

3. Production and postharvest technologyof marigold

26.03.09, 24.02.10, 04.02.11 &11.11.11

04.01.13 & 05.01.1325.07.13 & 26.07.13

309 0.69 TNAU &M/s. AVT

NaturalProducts Ltd.

4. Hands on training onvalue addition ofjasmine to womenand unemployedyouth

05.03.09 & 06.03.09, 23.03.09& 24.03.09, 25.02.10 &

26.02.10, 30.03.10 & 31.03.10,10.03.11 & 11.03.11, 23.03.11

& 24.03.11, 13.07.11 &14.07.11, 13.10.11 &14.10.11

28.12.12 & 29.12.1214.03.13 & 15.03.1310.05.13 & 11.05.13

809 1.23 M/s. VanguardExports

5. Entrepreneurial skilldevelopment trainingprogramme on valueaddition and exportpromotion ofjasmine

20.01.09 & 21.01.09, 25.09.09& 26.09.09, 02.09.10 &

03.09.10, 31.1.12 &1.2.1212.12.13 & 13.12.13

164 0.48 M/s. VanguardExports

6. Hands on training ondry flowertechnology towomen andunemployed youth

15.12.08 &16.12.08, 04.08.09 &05.08.09, 27.02.09 & 28.02.09,30.11.09 & 01.12.09, 18.08.10

& 19.08.10, 17.02.11 &18.02.11, 20.10.11 & 21.10.11,

27.01.12 & 28.01.1216.11.12 & 17.11.1212.07.13 & 13.07.1306.12.13 & 07.12.13

438 1.23 M/s. SalemSpices Pvt.

Ltd.

42

Total 3798 8.23

7. Entrepreneurial skilldevelopment trainingprogramme onprocessing of dryflowers

20.03.09 & 21.03.09, 19.01.10& 20.01.10, 12.12.10 &

13.12.10, 13.02.12 & 14.02.12

240 0.24 M/s. SalemSpices Pvt.

Ltd.

8. Commodity groupformation,communityorganization and itsempowerment

04.12.09 & 05.12.09, 28.07.10& 29.07.10, 22.3.12 & 23.3.12

28.03.12 & 29.03.12

154 0.24 TNAU

9. Stake holders’ meet 19.12.12 450 0.50 TNAU

10. Jasmine concreteextractiondemonstration

24.07.12, 17.08.12 & 13.08.13 61 0.75 TNAU

11. Training forstakeholders fromAndhra Pradesh

07.05.13 & 08.05.1321.08.13

38 0.00 TNAU

12. Exposure visit toflower growers

22.08.13 to 24.08.13 30 0.00 TNAU

13. MMDC jasminetraining

23.08.12 & 24.08.1226.09.12 & 27.09.1216.10.12 & 17.10.12

86 0.00 TNAU &AC & RI,Madurai

14. One day cropseminar

11.06.13 85 0.00 TNAU &IFFCO,Sathya-

mangalam

15. Demonstration –

Carnation

fumigation &

precision production

technology

05.12.13 & 04.01.14 36 0.40M/s. Elkhill

Pvt.

Ltd.

Agrotech

16. Demonstration – Dry

flower products

making

11.01.14 25 0.10 M/s. SalemSpices Pvt.

Ltd.

17. Closing workshop 26.03.14 250 1.50 TNAU

16. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio talks, etc.

Sl.

No.

Particulars Nos.

1. Workshop 8

2. Seminar/ Symposium 3

3. Conference 10

4. National Training 4

5. Meetings 5

6. Radio talk 2

7. TV Talk 4

43

A few of the above are listed below.

17. Foreign Trainings/ Undertaken (National/ International): -Nil-

18. Performance Indicators

S.

No.

Details of Meetings/Seminars/

Trainings/Radio talk, etc. (Name &Address)

Duration

(From-To)

Participant

(Name & Address)

1. National level workshop on ‘Status and Futurestrategies of Horticulture development’ held atCentral Agricultural Research Institute, PortBlair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

23.01.09 -25.01.09

Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI

2. MDP workshop on “Public Private Partnershipfor Innovation in Agriculture” at Indian Instituteof Management (IIM), Lucknow, UP

19.07.09 -26.07.09

Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI

Dr. M. Kannan, Co-PI

3. Seminar on ‘Advanced production technology ofcut roses’ in the 27th All India Rose Conventionand International Rose seminar at Ooty

18.01. 09 -19.01.09

Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI

Dr. M. Ganga, Co-PI

4. National Symposium on “Life style floriculture”– challenges and opportunities at Solan

17.03.10 -22.03.10

Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI

Dr. M. Kannan, Co-PI

5. International Conference on Horticulture (ICH) atBengaluru

8.11.09 -12.11.09

Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI

Dr. M. Kannan, Co-PI

Dr. M. Ganga, Co-PI

6. National Seminar on “Recent trends and futureprospects in Floriculture” held at, Meerut

15.03.11-18.03.11

Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI Dr.M. Kannan, Co-PI

7. International Symposium on “Qualitymanagement in supply chain of ornamentals,2012” at Bangkok, Thailand

21.02.12 -24.02.12

Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI

Mr. N. Elango, CCPI

8. Global Conference on "Horticulture for Food,Nutrition and Livelihood Options" held at OrissaUniversity of Agriculture and Technology,Bhubaneswar

28.05.12 -31.05.12

Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI

Dr. M. Kannan, Co-PI

9. Discussion for exploring joint collaborativeresearch programme in Floriculture betweenMalaysian BiotechCorp, Malaysia and TNAU,India

24.07.13 &25.07.13

Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI

S. No. Indicator Total No.

1. No. of production technologies released and/or adopted 27

2. No. of post harvest technologies released and/or adopted 18

3.Number of technologies/products commercialized based on NAIPresearch

-Nil-

4. No. of new rural industries/entreprises established/ upgraded -Nil-

5. No. of product groups for which quality grades developed and agreed -Nil-

6.Total no. of private sector organizations (including NGOs) participatingin consortium

6

7. No. of farmers involved in consortia activities 3798

8. 3

9.Number of patent/intellectual property protection applications filed basedon NAIP research

1

10.Number of patents/intellectual property protections granted/publishedbased on NAIP research

-Nil-

Total number of farmers' group developed for marketing and processing

44

11. Number of scientists trained overseas in the frontier areas of science -Nil-

12. Number of scientists trained overseas in consortium-based subject areas -Nil-

13. No. of scientists participated in conference/seminar etc., abroad 2

14. No. of training organized / farmers trained

TrainingNo.

FarmersNo.

71 3798

15. Success stories 10

16. Incremental employment generated (person days/year/HH)

Baseline Final

83,000days @8hours /

day

1,28,150days @8

hours / day

17.

Increase in income of participating households (Rs. per annum) Baseline Final

Jasmine value addition (Rs.100 @ 4 hour / day) 0 Rs.26,000

Dry flower making 0 Rs.28,125

18. Number of novel tools/protocols/methodologies developed 5

19. Publications

Articles in NAAS rated journals 10

Articles in other journals 7

Book(s) 3

Book chapter(s) 6

Thesis 15

Popular article(s) (English) 5

Newspaper article(s) 26

Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Proceedings 27

Technical bulletin(s) 4

Manual(s) 1

CDs/Videos 8

Popular article(s) in other language 5

Folder/Leaflet/Handout 18

Report(s) -

19. Employment Generation (man-days/year)

S.

No.

Type of Employment Generation Employment Generation up to

end of Sub-project

Responsible

Partner

1 Within Company Level :

a) Company employees

b) Field level casuals/contract emp.

c) Dehydration factory level casuals

Contract farming & Transport:

a) Farm Labourers

b) Transport /Logistics

4320 labour days (18 employees@ 8hrs/day7200 labour days (30 employees@ 8hrs/day)2880 labour days (12 employees@ 8hrs/day)50,000 labour days(220 labors @ 8hrs/day)8 transporters

M/s. AVTNatural

Products Ltd.

2 a) Small entrepreneurb) SHG Women for daily wages @ Salem

c) SHG Women for daily wages @Kalamavur, Trichyd) SHG Women for daily wages @Mannalur, Trichy

One4950 labour days(55 beneficiaries @90 days/yr)14400 labour days (60beneficiaries @ 8hrs/day)12000 labour days(50 beneficiaries @ 8hrs/day)

M/s. SalemSpices Pvt. Ltd.

45

3 Women employees 30,000 labour days(250 women @ 4 hrs/day)

M/s. VanguardExports

4 Farm labours 2400 labour days(10 labours @ 8 hrs/day)

M/s. ElkhillAgrotech Pvt.

Ltd.

8.Assets Generated

(i) Equipment

List of major equipments (costing above Rs. 4 lakhs)

Sl.

No

Name of the Equipment with Manufacturers Name,

Model and Sr. No.

Date

of

purchase

Qua

ntity

Total

cost

(In

lakhs)

Respon

sible

partner

1.Walk in cool chamber, M/s. Blue star Ltd, T. Nagar,Chennai (Sr. No: BSL 5203093923, Sr. No: BSL5203093932)

30.03.09 2 4.474 TNAU

2. Generator 20 K V A GensetKirloskar Electric Co. Ltd., Hubli, IndiaSr. No: 4DGS115A-55

20.03.0914.12.09

13.871

TNAU

3. Generator 20 K V A GensetKirloskar Electric Co. Ltd., Hubli, IndiaSr. No: WDGS115A-26

23.02.101

3.890TNAU

4. Jasmine pilot plant – 1, Preliminary process plantM/s. Agro Tech Industries, Karamadai, Coimbatore

31.03.091

4.992TNAU

5. Concrete process plantM/s. Agro Tech Industries, Karamadai, Coimbatore

31.03.091

4.960TNAU

6. Cooling tower with accessoriesM/s. Cigma Essence Pvt.Ltd, Karamadai, Coimbatore

31.03.09 1 1.927 TNAU

7. Steam boiler with accessoriesM/s. Cigma Essence Pvt.Ltd, Karamadai, Coimbatore

31.03.09 1 4.877 TNAU

8. Support acting equipment for jasmine pilotM/s. Agro Tech Industries, Karamadai, Coimbatore

31.03.09 1 4.688 TNAU

9. Digital burette, Brand GMBH, Sr. No: OIF 71734 31.03.09 1 0.595 TNAU

10. Electronic balance – SHIMADZU Corporation- BL220H, Sr. No: 455004183

31.03.09 2 0.627 TNAU

11. Centrifuge – Hermle Labortech, Z300K,Sr. No: 55090043

31.03.09 1 2.948 TNAU

12. Vacuum desiccator cum pump - Super fit,Sr. No: OFD-455

31.03.09 2 0.395 TNAU

13. Near infra red - Bruker Matrix-i, Sr. No: 10002383 09.03.10 1 20.19 TNAU

14. FTIR/Ethylene analyzer, Bioconservacion, BI-ON ETHDigital portable ethylene analyzer, Elixir Technologies,Sr. No: IC 456/ 384

31.03.09 1 1.976 TNAU

15. UV ELISA reader, RAYTO, RT -2100 c,Sr. No: 451101099 FSE

31.03.09 1 2.912 TNAU

16. Shaker cum incubatorLabline Industries, OSI-24 c, Sr. No: 1041166

31.03.09 1 0.760 TNAU

17. Shaker cum incubatorLabline Industries, OSI-24 c, Sr. No: 0961029

10.02. 10 1 1.300 TNAU

18. Lyophilyzer, Model: Floor, Make: Sub Zero 31.03.09 1 1.976 TNAU

19. Rotary evaporator with chiller, Cyber lab 31.03.09 1 2.496 TNAU

20. Micro wave oven, IFB Appliances 31.03.09 2 0.296 TNAU

46

21. Grading/cutting table, M/s. Sneha Scientific Company,110, Megricar Road, R.S. Puram, CBE

31.03.09 1 0.395 TNAU

22. Colour flex : LOVIBOND RT200 (version-.020/9/2000), Sr. No: 2909164, The Tintometer Ltd , TheColour Laboratory Waterloo Road , Salisbury, UK

31.03.09 1 4.350 TNAU

23. CO2 analyzer (Automatted), PBI – Dansensor A/S, Sr.No: 58086466

31.03.09 1 2.496 TNAU

24. Tissue homogenizerIKA Works, T10B, Sr. No: 07.095928

31.03.09 1 1.820 TNAU

25. Generator 50 KVA, GensetM/s. Mars Cold Storage Pvt. Ltd., Kotturpuram,Chennai, 50K- 4KSWTC105, Sr. No: VDGS200-13

31.03.09 1 4.900 TNAU

26. Computer/ laptop with printer, internet facilities etc..

a) HP, HP W 1707

22.01.09

3

1.993 TNAU

b) Printer, HP Laser jet 1008 2

c) Printer, HP Laser jet P 1505 1

d) Samsung, syncmaster B2030 1

e) Samsung, syncmaster 740N 1

Internet facilitiesa) Broad band BBG 1111 –BSNL, M/s. Teracom

Ltd., Goa, Sr.No. T2 0307727, Model No. T2-BGawv1. 4010Y –BI

1

b) Wireless modem, TATA indicom 1

27. Digital camera, Sony, CQ1569 22.01.09 1 0.193 TNAU

28. Laptop for principal investigator,HP–Pavilion dv-4 series. Sr.No. CND 839618K

22.01.09 1 0.600TNAU

29. Equipment (Humidifier, ice box etc, soil testing kit,electronic gadgets and power sprayers)M/s. Safire Scientific Company, 93-A, (New 111),Megricar Road, R.S. Puram, Coimbatore- 641002

31.03.10 1 1.160

TNAU

Sl.

NoParticulars of work, name and address of agency

awarded the work

Year of

work

done

Quan

tity

(Nos.)

Amount

(in

Lakhs)

Respon-

sible

partner

1. Renovation of training cum demonstration hall inthe Dept. of Floriculture and Landscaping, TNAUby Estate Office, TNAU, Coimbatore - 3

2009-10 1 4.00 TNAU

2. Renovation of existing post harvest laboratory inthe Dept. of Floriculture and Landscaping, TNAUby Estate Office, TNAU, Coimbatore - 3

2009-10 1 3.00 TNAU

3. Renovation of store house for establishment of soilplant analysis facility at Botanic Garden at TNAUby Estate Office, TNAU, Coimbatore - 3

2009-10 1 3.00 TNAU

4. Purchase of drip and fertigation, Head control unit,water distribution system, water emitting system byM/s Jain Irrigation System Ltd., 24/1 (New),Narayanaguru road, Saibaba colony, Coimbatore

2009-10 1.38 TNAU

5. Supply and installation of drip and fertigationsystems with sprinklers for jasmine paired rowsystems of planting at Dept. of Floriculture andLandscaping, TNAU, Coimbatore by M/s JainIrrigation System Ltd., 24/1 (New), Narayanagururoad, Saibaba colony, Coimbatore

2009-10 - 2.24 TNAU

(ii) Works

47

6. Poly green house (Steel frame) with pre fabricatedGI Tubular structures - Area 504 sq.m by M/sMarikko Trading Corporation, No.197 – B, Ambikalayout, Siddapudur, Coimbatore -44

2009-10 - 3.48 TNAU

7. Poly green house (Steel frame) with pre fabricatedGI Tubular structures- Area 400sq.m by M/sMarikko Trading Corporation, No.197 – B, Ambikalayout, Siddapudur, Coimbatore -44

2009-10 - 2.75 TNAU

8. Purchase of PVC pipe line material by M/s. AdarshAgrotech, 158 E.M.Complex, Sanganoor MainRoad, Coimbatore - 27

2009-10 - 0.14 TNAU

(iii) Revenue Generated: (up to 31 December, 2013)st

S. No. Source of Revenue Year Total amount

(Rs.)

Responsible

Partner

1. Sale of compendium on “Hi -tech

cultivation technologies in flower

crops”(In: Tamil)

2012-13 8940.00

TNAU2013-14 3720.00

(iv) Livestock: --Nil--

21. Awards and Recognitions

S.

No

Name,

Designation,

Address of the

person

Award/

Recognition

Award received forInstitution/

Society

facilitating

Respons

-ible

partner

1. Dr. M. JawaharlalProfessor & Head/Dept. ofFloriculture andLandscaping(CPI )

Founder FellowshipAward (2009)

Significant contributionin the field ofFloriculture at Nationallevel

ISOH, NewDelhi

TNAU

2. Horticultural Societyof India Gold MedalNational Award(2010)

Significant contributionin the field ofHorticulture at Nationallevel

HSI, New Delhi

TNAU

3. TNAU Best TeamResearcher Award(2011)

Outstanding teamresearch contribution inthe field of Horticulture

TNAU,Coimbatore TNAU

4. Lotus PurashkarNational Award(2011)

Outstanding contributionto Floriculture researchand development

ISOH, NewDelhi

TNAU

5. Life time Fellowship(CHAI-2012)

Commitment to thefurtherance ofHorticulture

CHAI, NewDelhi

TNAU

6. Marigold Award(2012)

Contribution indevelopment of precisionproduction technology inmarigold

M/s. AVTNatural Products

Ltd., CochinTNAU

7. TNAU BestResearcher Award(2013)

Outstanding researchcontribution in the fieldof Floriculture

TNAU,Coimbatore TNAU

8. Excellence for theBest ResearcherAward (2014)

Contribution towardsdevelopment of precisiontechnologies in flowercrops

MalarumVelanmai, (aleading TamilAgrl., Monthly

Magazine)

TNAU

48

9. Mr. P. RajaramManaging Director,M/s. Salem SpicesPvt. Ltd., (CCPI)

Rose PuraskarAward (2011)

Contribution toFloriculture industry ISOH, New

Delhi

M/s.SalemSpices

Pvt. Ltd.

10. Dr. M. KannanProf. (Hort.),Dept.of Floriculture andLandscaping (Co-PI)

Bhartiya VikasRattan award (2012)

Excellent devotion in thefield of Horticulture andfor growth of Indianeconomy

All Indiabusiness

developmentassociation

TNAU

11. Dr. S.T.BiniSundarResearch AssociateDept. ofFloriculture andLandscaping

ISOH- Best Ph.D.dissertation award(2011)

Contribution in thedevelopment of precisionproduction technologyfor Jasmine

ISOH, NewDelhi

TNAU

22. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIPSustainability

23. Possible Future Line of Work

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I) Transfer of technology

The Consortia approach which has created a strong association between the public sector (ICAR

and TNAU) and private sector (Private Partners) has ensured sustainability

The training given to womenfolk, growers and entrepreneurs has encouraged more number of

them to take up floriculture ventures

Efforts towards women empowerment have been strengthened through organizing more training

programmes on value addition

Through the training programmes, credit institutions have been linked with flower growers and

entrepreneurs and the link established will help in sustainability

Involvement of NGOs and SHGs has helped in their empowerment

Promotion of large scale scientific carnation cultivation in the Nilgiris and Kodaikanal through

training programmes has helped in sustaining the project's impact even after the project period

The project activities will be continued through new project proposals submitted to the State and

Central Governments.

Collaboration with the Madurai Malli Incubator and Madurai Malli Development Council,

Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai in disseminating export packaging

technology of jasmine has proven as an effort towards sustainability

Adoption of the technologies developed in the project by growers and entrepreneurs has paved

way for sustainability of the project activities.

Efforts are underway to encourage Consortium Partners to create a sustainability fund.

Based on experiences gained in this project, the following future line of work is proposed

The precision production technologies developed through this project for jasmine, marigold and

carnation will be disseminated to more number of growers through on-farm trials, demonstrations

and training programmes

Commercialization of the following technologies developed in this project will be taken up:

a. Export packaging technology of jasmine will be disseminated to more number of exporters to

facilitate export promotion by achieving increase in export volume.

b. Advanced processing technologies for dry flower making will be commercialized involving more

number of plant species and products.

49

II) Research component (to be taken up through mobilization of funds from outside sources)

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Nano-technological approaches for retention of fragrance (in addition to freshness) in jasmine

flowers

Advanced greenhouse technologies such as grow-bag system of cultivation for carnation

Bio-rational management of pests and diseases in flower crops

Development of precision production technologies for other high value commercial flower crops

Development of product-based processing technologies for dry flowers for export market

Development of more domestic and export flori-business ventures (floral essential oils, bio-

pigments, cut flower export, etc.) through public-private partnership mode of operation to

promote empowerment of women and unemployed literate youth.24. Personnel

Sl. No. Staff From – To

(DD/MM/YYYY)

Research Management (CL)

1. Dr. C. Ramasamy, Vice Chancellor 27.08.08 – 29.12.08

2. Dr. P. Santhana Krishnan, Vice Chancellor - In charge 30.12.08 – 03.06.09

3. Dr. P. Murugesa Boopathi, Vice Chancellor 04.06.09 – 03.06.12

4. Dr. P. Subbian, Vice Chcancellor - In charge 04.06.12 – 26.08.12

5. Dr. K. Ramasamy, Vice Chancellor 27.08.12 - till date

Scientific (CPI, CCPI, others)

6. Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI & Prof. & Head 27.08.08 – Till date

7. Dr. M. Kannan, CoPI & Prof. (Hort.) 27.08.08 – Till date

8. Dr. M. Ganga, CoPI & Asst. Professor (Hort.) 27.08.08 – Till date

9. Mr. N. Elango, CCPI, M/s.AVT Natural products,Sathyamangalam

27.08.08 – Till date

10. Mr.P. Rajaram CCPI, M/s.Salem Spices, Salem 27.08.08 – Till date

11. Mr. K. Sethumathavan, CCPI , M/s.Vanguard Exports,Coimbatore

27.08.08 – Till date

12. T.R.Thilak kumar, M/s. Elkhi ll Agrotech, Ooty 27.08.08 – 15.03.10

13. V. Venkatesh, M/s. Elkhill Agrotech, Ooty 15.03.10 – Till date

Technical (Associating scientists)

14. Dr. K.A. Ponnusamy, Prof. (Agrl. Extention) 27.08.08 – Till date

15. Dr. M. Kalyanasundaram, Prof. (Agrl. Ento.) 27.08.08 – Till date

16. Dr. N. Venkatesa Palanichamy, Prof. (Agrl. Economics.) 27.08.08 – Till date

17. Dr. D. Suresh Kumar, Prof. (Agrl. Economics.) 27.08.08 – Till date

18. Dr. S. Nakkeeran, Prof. (Plant Pathology.) 27.08.08 – Till date

19. Dr. P. Muthulakshmi, Assoc. Prof. (Plant Pathology) 27.08.08 – Till date

20. Dr. V. Jegadeeswari, Asst. Prof. (Hort.) 27.08.08 – Till date

21. Dr. C. Subesh Ranjith Kumar, Asst. Prof. (Hort.) 27.08.08 – Till date

22. Dr. K. R. Rajadurai, Asst. Prof. (Hort.) 26.02.13 – Till date

23. Dr. S. P. Thamaraiselvi, Asst. Prof. (Hort.) 29.07.13 – Till date

50

Contractual

24. Dr. C. Ravindran

Research Associate(Horticulture)

03.10.08 – 29.12.09

25. Dr. P. Thiyagarajan 29.01.10 – 07.02.12

26. Dr. V. Jegadeeswari 03.10.08 – 29.12.09

27. Dr. K. Padmadevi 07.01.10 – 09.03.10

28. Dr. C. Ciba 24.03.10 – 16.08.10

29. Dr. C. Swapna 15.09.10 – 11.11.11

30. Dr. S.T. Bini Sundar 01.04.12 – Till date

31. Dr. S. Karthikeyan 15.10.12 – Till date

32. Ms. S. Jayalakshmi 06.10.08 – 27.05.09

33. Dr. K. Padmadevi Senior Research Fellow(Horticulture)

17.07.09 – 06.01.10

34. Ms. N. Deepa Devi 19.01.10 – 18.08.10

35. Ms. M. Anitha 16.09.10 – 13.08.11

36. Ms. S.T. Bini Sundar 14.11.11 – 31.03.12

37. Mr.S. Karthikeyan 02.04.12 – 14.10.12

38. Mrs. S.Sugapriya 15.10.12 – 14.04.13

39. Dr. S. Ganesh 30.08.13 – Till date

40. Ms. V.S. SuganthiSenior Research Fellow

(Soil Science)

06.10.08 – 26.05.09

41. Mr.R. Elangovan 20.07.09 – 12.08.10

42. Mr.K. Thamarai Thuvasan 21.09.10 – 16.08.11

43. Mr.R. Muthukrishnan 07.09.11 – 17.06.13

44. Mr.K. Sankarganesh

Senior Research Fellow(Pathology / Entomology)

03.10.08 – 08.12.08

45. Mr.G. Thanavendan 05.01.09 – 31.12.09

46. Mr.N. Srithar 21.01.10 – 31.03.11

47. Ms. S.T. Bini Sundar 11.05.11 – 15.09.11

48. Mr.S. Senthil Murugan 16.09.11 – 31.03.12

49. Ms. S. Kavitha 15.10.08 – 24.12.08

50. Mr.N. Srithar 07.01.09 – 20.01.10

51. Mr.R. Thanigairaj 30.04.10 – 23.06.10

52. Ms. G. Kalaiselvi 19.07.10 – 18.01.11

53. Mr.P. Suresh 28.11.11 – 23.04.12

54. Ms. P. Mekala 11.05.12 – 16.10.12

55. Ms. S. Murugeswari 17.10.12 – Till date

56. Mr.K. Ramalingam

Senior Research Fellow(Economics)

24.10.08 – 15.05.09

57. Mr.K. Padmadevi 20.05.09 – 16.07.09

58. Mr.P. Buvaneshwaran 23.09.09 – 13.08.11

59. Mr.S. Kumaresan 06.09.11 – 31.03.12

60. Ms. P. Guna GnanaSowandari

24.10.08 – 05.12.08

51

61. Mr.T. Senthilkumar 05.01.09 – 16.08.10

62. Mr.M. Suresh Kumar 14.09.10 – 30.11.10

63. Mr.R. Karuppusamy 16.08.11 – 17.06.13

13.08.13 – Till date

64. Ms. M.M. KaveriammaSenior Research Fellow

M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd.,

Ooty

06.10.08 – 05.04.09

65. Mr.D. Dhinesh 09.04.09 – 18.08.10

66. Mr.S. Karthikeyan 22.09.11 - 31.08.12

67. Mr.D. Dhinesh 07.09.11 – 31.03.12

15.10.12 – 17.06.13

22.08.13 – 06.09.13

68. Mr. R. Ramadoss 20.08.13 – Till date

69. Mrs. M. Visalakshi

Senior Research Fellow

M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd.,

Salem

06.10.08 – 13.08.10

70. Mr.T. Vetrivel 16.09.10 – 13.08.11

71. Mrs. M. Visalakshi 07.09.11 – 31.03.12

15.10.12 – 17.06.13

13.08.13 – Till date

72. Mr.R. Alex Senior Research FellowM/s.AVT Natural Products Ltd.,

Sathyamangalam

03.10.08 – 02.04.09

73. Ms. K. Kalai Selvi 29.07.09 – 25.02.10

74. Mr.S. Seetharaman 17.03.10 – 01.06.10

75. Mr.S. Manigandan 22.09.10 – 13.08.11

76. Mr.S. Karthikraj 16.09.11 – 31.03.12

77. Dr. S. Vinoth 15.10.12 – 03.06.13

78. Mr.R. Karthik Senior Research FellowM/s.Vanguard Exports,

Coimbatore

10.1008 – 06.11.08

79. Mr.S. Kumaresan 20.11.08 – 05.09.11

80. Ms. P. Mekala 07.09.11 – 31.03.12

17.10.12 – 17.06.13

81. Mrs.S. Vijayachandra Office Assistant 03.08.09 – Till date

82. Mrs.N. BuvaneshwariSemiskilled Mazdoor

24.11.08 – 28.11.11

83. Mr.T. Aasaithambi 24.11.08 – 28.11.11

84. Mr.R. Karthikeyan 03.08.09 – Till date

52

S.

No.

Committee

Name

Chairman

(From-To)

Members

(From-To)

1. CIC Director of Research,

TNAU

Dr. B. Chandrasekaran

(Sep.2008-June2009)

Dr. M. Paramathma

(July 2009- Jan 2012)

Dr. A. Chandrasekaran

(Jan. 2012- Mar. 2013)

Dr. M. Maheswaran

(Mar 2013 to Till date)

1. Dean (Hort.), TNAU

Dr. D. Veeraragavathatham (Sep.’08 -June’09)

Dr. N. Kumar (July’09 – June’13)

Dr. S. Mariappan (July’13 – Till date)

2. Director of Extension Education, TNAU

Dr. E. Vadivel (Sep.’08 -June’09)

Dr.P. Kalaiselvan (July’09- Feb.’2013)

Dr. K.A. Ponnusamy (Mar.’13 – Till date)

3. Comptroller, TNAU

Mr. M. Thangaraj (Sep.’08-April’09)

Mr. P. Chandran (April’09- June’12)

Mrs. A.R. Rajalakshmi (June’09 – July’13)

Mr. V. Shanmugam (July’13 – Oct.’13)

Mrs. R. Poongothai (Oct’13 – Till date)

4. Director (CARDS), TNAU

Dr. K. Palanisami (Sep.’08-June’09)

Dr.N. Ajjan (July’09-June’13)

Dr.M. Chinnadurai (July’13 – Till date)

Consortium Partners

5. Mr. N. Elango, Asst. Vice -President,

AVT Natural Products Ltd. (Sep.’08 -Till date)

6. Mr. P. Rajaram, Managing Director,

M/s. Salem Spices Pvt. Ltd. (Sep.’08-Till date)

7. Mr. K. Sethumadhavan, Proprietor,

M/s. Vanguard Exports (Sep.’08 -Till date)

8. Mr. T.R.ThilakKumar (Sep.’08 -Mar.’10)

Mr. V. Venkatesh, (Mar.’10 -Till date)

Chief Executive, M/s. Elkhill Agrotech Pvt. Ltd.

Member Secretary

9. Dr. M. Jawaharlal, CPI

2. CAC Dr. T. Thangaraj

Former Director,

RPRC, Bhubaneshwar

& Former Dean (Hort.)

(Sep. 2008- Till date)

1. Dr. P.K. Rajeevan, Assoc. Dean (Hort.), KAU

(Sep. 2008-Till date)2. Mrs. Poornima Anandamurthi

Progressive Carnation Grower

Ooty (Sep. 2008-Till date)3. Mr. Rajendra Kumar, Dutch Flowers, Bengaluru

(Sep. 2008-Till date)

3. CMU Dr. M. Chandrasekaran

Prof. (Agrl. Economics)

(Sep. 2008- Till date)

1. Dr. M. Thilagavathi, Assoc. Prof. (Agrl. Eco.)

(Sep. 2008-Till date)

2. Dr. C.R.Chinnamuthu, Assoc.Prof. (Agronomy)

(Sep. 2008-Till date)

25. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination

A. Composition of the various committees (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)

53

S.No Details of meeting Date Place and Address of

meeting organized

CAC & CIC Meetings

1. 1st CAC & CIC meeting 28.08.08 TNAU, Coimbatore

2. 2nd

CAC & CIC meeting 11.05.09 TNAU, Coimbatore

3. 3rd

CAC & CIC meeting 18.11.09 TNAU, Coimbatore

4. 4th

CAC & CIC meeting 25. 03.10 TNAU, Coimbatore

5. 5th

CAC & CIC meeting 21.12.10 TNAU, Coimbatore

6. 6th

CAC & CIC meeting 25.03.11 TNAU, Coimbatore

7. 7th

CAC & CIC meeting 29.11.11 TNAU, Coimbatore

8. 8th

CAC & CIC meeting 29.04.12 TNAU, Coimbatore

9. 9th CAC & CIC meeting 20.12.12 TNAU, Coimbatore

10. 10th CAC & CIC meeting 13.09.13 TNAU, Coimbatore

11. 11th CAC & CIC meeting 26.03.2014 TNAU, Coimbatore

CMU Meetings

1. 1st CMU meeting 23.02.09 TNAU, Coimbatore

2. 2nd CMU meeting 21.08.09 TNAU, Coimbatore

3. 3rd CMU meeting 30.03.09 TNAU, Coimbatore

4. 4th CMU meeting 26.10.10 TNAU, Coimbatore

5. 5th CMU meeting 28.03.11 TNAU, Coimbatore

6. 6th CMU meeting 02.08.11 TNAU, Coimbatore

7. 7th CMU meeting 05.12.11 TNAU, Coimbatore

8. 8th CMU meeting 06.02.12 TNAU, Coimbatore

9. 9th CMU meeting 13.09.13 TNAU, Coimbatore

10. 11th CAC & CIC meeting 26.03.2014 TNAU, Coimbatore

B. List of meetings organized (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)

54

Pro-forma 1

Details of Technologies Developed/ Validated/Adopted

4) Information on existing farming systems, practices, productivity levels and income in the

target area:.

5) Key Intervention(s) introduced:

6) Results

1) Title of the sub-project : Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets

2) Name of CPI/ CCPI : Dr. M. Jawaharlal

3) Title of the technology : Export packaging technology for jasmine

The post harvest loss in jasmine flowers is 35 to 40 %. There is huge demand for fresh jasmine

flowers in distant markets abroad (USA) besides the nearby overseas markets (Singapore, Malaysia,

Dubai, etc.). Exporters use packing boxes containing shredded ice packed in polythene covers and this

method is not efficient enough in retaining freshness of the flowers.

Treating jasmine flowers with boric acid followed by packing in Corrugated Fibre Board boxes

for Dubai market and thermocole box with aluminium foil lining in layers with gel ice sheets for

USAmarket.

The export packaging technology as a wholesome package has been filed for patenting (Patent

No. 1370/CHE/2010 dt. 14.05.2010).

The technology was disseminated to 1097 beneficiaries through 21 training programmes under four

different categories.

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Trainings

No. of

trainings No. of beneficiaries

Hands on training on jasmine 11 809

Entrepreneurial training in jasmine 5 164

Madurai Malli Development Council 3 86

Training to jasmine growers from Andhra Pradesh 2 38

Total 21 1097

7) Brief description of technology for release:

8) Expected Outcome/ Impact of the technology:

The export packaging technology developed for jasmine flowers involves treating jasmine strings

with boric acid followed by packing in Corrugated Fibre Board boxes for Dubai market. For USA

market, treated flowers are packed in small boxes and 24 such small boxes are packed in thermocole

box with aluminium foil lining in layers and in between the layers gel ice sheets are placed. Shelf life of

flowers increased to 72 hours against 36 hours in normal packaging system

The use of ice gel sheets in between the small boxes reduced the weight and volume of the packages

of export. The use of ice gel sheets in the boxes creates low temperature (4 to 160C; 40C during

packaging and 160C during unpacking at destination) and uniform distribution of chillness and

moisture in the packs helps in increasing the shelf life.

The technology has proved acceptable to both near and distant overseas markets. Hence around 10

% increase in export volume is expected.

8.1. Expected increase in area, production and net income

55

9) Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the

publication.

10)Any other information

Yes. The following publication has been made.

, Thamaraiselvi S P and Ganga M. 2013. Standardization of export packaging

technology for Jasmine ( Ait.) flowers. : 81-92.

Thamaraiselvi S P, , Ganga, M and Varadharaju N. 2010. Packaging technology for

long term storage of jasmine ( Ait.) flowers.

: 171 -181.

Thamaraiselvi S P, , Rajamani K and Ganga M. 2011. Studies on Packaging

technology for long term storage of L. flowers.

: 223-230.

Collaboration with the Madurai Malli Incubator and Madurai Malli Development Council,

Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai in disseminating export packaging technology of

jasmine has proven as an effort towards sustainability of the project's impact

Jawaharlal M

Jasminum sambac Acta Horticulturae

Jawaharlal M

Jasminum sambac Journal of Ornamental

Horticulture

Jawaharlal M

Jasminum grandiflorum Advances in Plant

Sciences

270

13 (3)

24(1)

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Photographs

Cake boxes Flowers packed in thermocole boxes Thermosorbgel ice packs

Dissemination of technology

56

Pro-forma 1

Details of Technologies Developed/Validated/Adopted

5. Key Intervention(s) introduced:

1) Title of the sub-project : Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets

2) Name of CPI/ CCPI : Dr. M. Jawaharlal

3) Title of the technology :

4) Information on existing farming systems, practices, productivity levels and income in the target

area: Conventional system of cultivation

: The field is ploughed with only disc plough and cultivator

: Spacing of 1.25 x 1.25m is adopted which will accommodate 6400

plants per hectare

: While planting, the pits are filled with FYM @ 10 kg/pit.

: Recommended dose of fertilizer (60:120:120g NPK/plant/year) is applied

in two splits through soil application.

: Surface or flood irrigation is provided at weekly intervals

: No biofertilizers are applied

: No biostimulants are applied

: Spraying of Ferrous sulphate @ 5g/lit at monthly intervals

: Indiscriminate use of pesticides and fungicides

: Flower yield of 7-8 t/ha; concrete recovery of 0.18 to 0.19 %.

: Ploughing with chisel, disc, rotovator, cultivator and finally levelling with

tractor drawn leveller

: Inline dripper type lateral of diameter 12 mm is used with discharge rate of 4 lph

at a row spacing of 1.2m.

: 1.2 x 1.0 m (between row and plant)

: 8300 plants / ha

: Pits are filled with FYM @ 5 kg/pit, neem cake 500g/pit, Vermicompost

100g/pit,Azospirullum and Phosphobacteria each @ 3 g/pit

:

Recommended dose of fertilizers (60:120:120g NPK/plant/year) are applied through fertigation

in splits at weekly intervals.

For fertigation, Water Soluble Fertilizers ., Polyfeed (19:19:19), KNO (13:0:45), Urea and

MonoAmmonium Phosphate (12:61:0) are used.

: Drip irrigation once in three days

: Foliar spray of 3% Panchagavya + 0.4% Humic acid at monthly intervals

: Foliar spray of Fe SO and ZnSO each @ 0.5% at monthly intervals

:

- Thiochloprid 240 SC @ 0.3% for bud worm

- Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 0.05% for blossom midge

Precision production technology of jasmine

Name of technology: Precision production technology for jasmine

Field preparation

Spacing and population

Basal application

Fertilizer application

Irrigation

Biofertilizers

Biostimulants

Micronutrients

Pest and disease management

Flower yield and concrete recovery

Field preparation

Drip installation

Spacing

Planting density

Basal application

Fertilizer application

Irrigation

Biostimulants

Micronutrients

Pest management

viz 3

2 4 4

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57

� :Disease management

6) Results:

- leaf spot - soil application of @ 25g/pit at the time of

planting and foliar application of @ 0.5% at monthly intervals

- leaf spot - soil application of @ 25 g/pit at the time of

planting and foliar application of @ 0.5% at monthly intervals

Floweryieldandconcrete recovery:Floweryieldof12.41 t/ha; concrete recoveryof0.21 to0.22%

Cercospora Bacillus subtilis

B. subtilis

Alternaria Pseudomonas fluorescens

P. fluorescens

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The technology was disseminated to 969 jasmine growers through 15 training programmes

conducted.

TrainingsNo. of No. of

trainings beneficiaries

Growers’ training on jasmine 4 156

Commodity group formation 4 154

Madurai Malli Development Council 3 86

Stakeholders’ Meet 1 450

Training to jasmine growers from Andhra Pradesh 2 38

One day crop seminar on jasmine 1 85

Total 15 969

7) Brief description of technology for release:

8) Expected Outcome/ Impact of the technology:

9) Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the

publication.

Developed a package of practices for precision production of jasmine which include intensive field

preparation methods, precise spacing, enriched media consortia, drip and fertigation system, spraying

of biostimulants and micronutrients and integrated pest and disease management practices.

8.1. Expected increase in area, production and net income:

10 % increase in area, production and net income

8.2. Others:

Newly standardized eco-friendly pest and disease management methods will decrease the quantity

as well as number of sprays of insecticides and fungicides. Further, since the newer molecules are

quickly biodegradable with no residual effect, this is acceptable by export agencies.

Yes. The following publications have been made.

Bini Sundar, S.T., M. Kannan and . 2012. Influence of fertigation on growth and yield

ofGundumalli ( Ait.). : 691 -694.

Bini Sundar, S T., M. Kannan and 2010. Influence of precision production

technologies on growth and yield of Gundumalli ( Ait.).

: 207 -211.

Kalyanasundaram M., P. Thiyagarajan, , P. Muthulakshmi and M. Ganga. 2012.

Effect of pesticides on management of blossom midge Contarinia maculipennis Felt.

(Cecidomyiidae:Diptera) inJasmine( Ait.) :169-172.

M. Jawaharlal

Jasminum sambac ResearchJournalofAgricultural Sciences

M. Jawaharlal.

Jasminum sambac Journal of Ornamental

Horticulture

M. Jawaharlal

Jasminumsambac SouthIndianHorticulture

3 (3)

13 (3)

60

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58

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Photographs

Muthulakshmi P., , P. Thiyagarajan, M. Kalyanasundaram and Senthilmurugan.

2012. Ecofriendly methods to manage Alternaria leaf blight ( ) in jasmine

( Ait.) : 190 -192.

The precision production technology developed through the project is being disseminated to 27

jasmine growers (1 acre each) of Sathyamangalam area by conducting field demonstration in a total

area of 27 acres.

M. Jawaharlal

Alternaria jasmini

Jasminum sambac South Indian Horticulture 60

10)Any other information:

Growers meeting

Precision method Conventional method

59

Pro-forma 1

Details of Technologies Developed/Validated/Adopted

Title of the sub-project

Name of CPI/ CCPI

Title of the technology

Information on existing farming systems, practices, productivity levels and income in the

target area:

Field preparation

Spacing and population

Fertilizer application

Irrigation

Biofertilizers

Biostimulants

Micronutrients

Pest & disease management

Flower yield and concrete recovery

5) Key Intervention(s) introduced:

Name of technology

Field preparation:

:

1) : Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets

2) : Dr. M. Jawaharlal

3) :

4)

Conventional system of cultivation

: Disc and cultivator ploughing

Spacing of 60 x 45 cm is adopted which will accommodate 37,000

plants per hectare

100% of RDF (90:90:75kg/ha); 50% N as top dressing through urea,

single super phosphate, muriate of potash

Surface or flood irrigation is given at weekly intervals

No biofertilizers are applied

No biostimulants are applied

No micronutrients are applied

Indiscriminate use of pesticides and fungicides

: Flower yield of 25.12 t/ha; xanthophyll content of 1.43g/kg

of fresh flower

: Precision production technology for marigold

Ploughing with chisel, disc, rotovator, cultivator and finally beds are formed

with the help of tractor drawn leveller

: Inline dripper type lateral of diameter 12 mm is used with discharge rate of 4

lph at a row spacing of 22.5 cm.

: 90 x 22.5 cm (between row & plant)

: 49,000 plants / ha

o 75% Recommended dose of fertilizers (90:90:75 kg/ha) are applied through fertigation in splits at

weekly intervals.

o For fertigation, Water Soluble Fertilizers , Polyfeed (19:19:19), KNO (13:0:45), Urea and

MonoAmmonium Phosphate (12:61:0) are used.

: Drip irrigation on alternate days @ 2 l / plant

: Foliar spray of 0.2% Humic acid on 30 & 45 day after transplanting

: Foliar spray of Fe SO and ZnSO each @ 0.5% on 30 & 45 day after

transplanting

:Adoption of pest monitoring techniques & field hygiene

o : Fipronil @ 1.5ml/ litre

o :Abamectin 1.9 EC @ 0.05 ml/litre

o : Spinosad @ 0.75ml/litre

o leaf spot: root dipping of marigold seedlings with 1 % and

foliar application of 0.5% at monthly intervals

Precision production technology for marigold

:

:

:

:

:

:

Drip installation

Spacing

Planting density

Fertilizer application:

Irrigation

Biostimulant spray

Micronutrient spray

Pest management

Thrips

Mites

Caterpillar

Disease management:

viz.

Alternaria Pseudomonas fluorescens

P. fluorescens

3

2 4 4

th th

th th

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60

o : Root dipping in 1 % for 30 minutes and foliar application of

0.5% at monthly intervals

: Flower yield of 35.74 t/ha; xanthophyll content of 1.99g/kg

of fresh flower

The technology was disseminated to 309 growers through 6 Training programmes on production

and post harvest technology on marigold.

Developed a package of practices for precision production of marigold which involves raising

seedlings in protrays, seedling dip with @ 0.5%, intensive field preparation,

drip and fertigation, spraying of biostimulants and micronutrients and adoption of eco-friendly pest and

disease management practices thrips, mites, caterpillar,Alternaria leaf spot and Septoria leaf spot.

8.1. Expected increase in area, production and net income: 10 % increase in area, production and net

income

8.2. Others: Newly standardized eco-friendly pest and disease management methods will decrease the

quantity as well as number of sprays of insecticides and fungicides. Further, since the newer

molecules are quickly biodegradable with no residual effect, this is acceptable by export agencies.

Yes. The following publications have been made.

. C

: 171-

174

250 new farmers were linked with M/s.AVT Natural Products Ltd., (CP)

under contract farming system for marigold by strengthening Thengumarahada Co-operative

Farmers' Society of The Nilgiris district through the project. They are all adopting precision

production technology for cultivation of marigold

Septoria leaf spot

Flower yield and concrete recovery

7 (3)

Bacillus subtilis

B. subtilis

Pseudomonas flourescens

Jawaharlal M

ternational Journal of Applied Agricultural Research

Swapna and M. Ganga. 2013. Comparative analysis of conventional and

precision farming systems forAfrican marigold ( L.). . 270: 311

- 317.

, Karuppusamy R, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh Kumar D. 2012. Precision

farming in marigold: Sustainable technology intervention by NAIP - Value chain on flowers for

domestic and export markets.

Tagetes erecta Acta Horticulturae

Jawaharlal M

In

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6) Results:

7) Brief description of technology for release:

8) Expected Outcome/ Impact of the technology:

9) Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the

publication

10) Any other information:

Precision method Conventional method Growers trimming

61

Pro-forma 1

Details of Technologies Developed/ Validated/Adopted

5) Key Intervention(s) introduced:

6) Results

7) Brief description of technology for release:

8) Expected Outcome/ Impact of the technology:

9) Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the

publication.

1) Title of the sub-project : Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets

2) Name of CPI/ CCPI : Dr. M. Jawaharlal

3) Title of the technology :

4) Information on existing farming systems, practices, productivity levels and income in the target

area:

Carnation, a high value cut flower crop grown under protected environmental structures needs

scientific production practices for achieving the potential flower yield and quality. Carnation growers

are adopting the cultural practices based on the recommendation by the private consultancies and

suppliers of planting materials and inputs. The maximum production and productivity of the crop is not

achieved by the carnation growers due to non-adoption of scientific technologies. The productivity

achieved by the growers at present is 12 flower stems per plant per crop with 300 flower stems per m2

per crop. Further, the flowers produced are not with good quality standards to meet the high end

markets. Incidence of pests and diseases is another major challenge to the growers.

Developed a package of practices for precision production of carnation which include soil

fumigation technique, optimizing growing media consortia, planting density, planting stage, pinching

level and management of calyx splitting.

The precision production techniques developed for carnation were disseminated to 437

beneficiaries through 10 trainings programmes at different locations of the Nilgiris district (Ooty,

Coonoor and Kotagiri).

The precision production technology developed for carnation involves soil fumigation technique by

application of Dazomet @ 30 g/m area; addition of 30 kg/ m of growing media consortia made up of

10:1:1 of farm yard manure @ 25 kg /m , vermicompost @ 2.5 kg /m , cocopeat @ 2.5 kg /m ,

biofertilizers viz., , and addition of

biocontrol agents viz., each @ 20 g/m at bimonthly

intervals; planting 30 day old rooted cuttings and adopting single pinching at the 5 node and adopting a

planting density of 15 x 15 cm with 36 plants/m (net population on bed) and foliar application of borax

@ 0.1% at fortnight intervals till flower bud appearance and then at weekly intervals thereafter for

management of calyx splitting.

8.1. Expected increase in area, production and net income: 20 % increase in area, production and net

income

Yes. The following publications have been made.

Karthikeyan. S., and M. Ganga, 2009. Effect of boron on calyx splitting in

carnation ( L). : 269-273.

Karthikeyan. S, , V. Jegadeeswari and D. Dhinesh, 2013. Performance of carnation

(Dianthus caryophyllus Linn.) cultivars under steel frame (medium cost) and wooden frame (low

cost) polyhouses. , :394-396.

Karthikeyan. S, and 2013. Standardization of wrapping and packaging techniques

to enhance the post harvest life of carnation. ., : 360 - 365.

Precision production technology for carnation

12(4)

3 (3)

45 (2)

2 2

2 2 2

2

th

2

Azospirillum, phosphobacteria Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza

Trichoderma viridae, Pseudomonas fluorescens

M. Jawaharlal

Dianthus caryophyllus Journal of Ornamental Horticulture

M. Jawaharlal

International Journal of Advanced Biological Research.

M. Jawaharlal.

Progressive Horticulture

�

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62

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Karthikeyan. S and , 2013. Optimization of planting density in carnation.

, :121-125.

Karthikeyan. S, and D. Dhinesh, 2012. Soil fumigation technique for protected

carnation cultivation.

Karthikeyan. S., and M. Ganga, 2012. Precooling temperature to enhance the post

harvest vase life of carnation.

Karthikeyan. S, and D. Dhinesh, 2013. Optimization of planting stage and

pinching level in carnation. .

The precision production technology on carnation was dissemination to the carnation growers in the

Kodaikanal hills which is a non project area. 40 carnation growers were benefited through the training

programmes conducted.

M. Jawaharlal

HortFlora Research Spectrum.

M. Jawaharlal

Journal of Ornamental Horticulture (accepted for publication)

M. Jawaharlal

Journal of Ornamental Horticulture . (accepted for publication)

M. Jawaharlal

The Asian Journal of Horticulture (accepted for publication)

2(2)

3&4

1 & 2.

10)Any other information:

63

Proforma 1

Details of Technologies Developed/ Validated/Adopted

5. Key Intervention(s) introduced:

6. Results

1. Title of the sub-project : Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets

2. Name of CPI/CCPI : Dr. M.Jawaharlal

3. Title of the technology :

4. Information on existing farming systems, practices, productivity levels and income in the target

area:

Existing production primarily includes fragrance products namely potpourris, sachets, etc.

Available native species are not used and the raw materials are procured from the northern states.

Forty four new plant species for dry flower making have been identified. Improved drying,

bleaching and dyeing techniques have been developed for the identified native species. Seventy two

new dry flower products have been developed for export market and export packaging technology for

the new products has been standardized.

The technology was disseminated to 703 beneficiaries through 16 training programmes under 3

different categories

Advanced dry flower technologies

TrainingsNo. of

trainings

No. of

beneficiaries

Hands on training in dry flowers 11 438

Entrepreneurial training in dry flowers 4 240

Demonstration – Dry flower products making 1 25

Total 16 703

7. Brief description of technology for release:

Step 1: Identification of new plant species for dry flower making

Step 2: Standardization of drying techniques for the identified native species

Step 3: Standardization of bleaching techniques for the identified native species

Step 4: Standardization of dyeing techniques for the identified native species

Forty four plant species were identified for dry flower making, based on their qualities such as good

texture, less brittleness, good shape retention, less change in colour intensity and low shatter index.

These were used in preparing dry flower products for export as well as domestic markets.

Drying techniques were standardized for leaves of silver oak ( ), Thuja and

ornamental Camellia and flowers of green and yellow button chrysanthemum, red gerbera (

) and sp. Glycerinization (full dip method @ 1:20) for leaves and silica gel + sand

(1:1) embedding followed by microwave drying for flowers were found best.

Bleaching techniques were standardized for pods of and

. Soaking pods in sodium hydroxide 10% (overnight) and again with 2% sodium hydroxide +

2.5% sodium silicate + 35% hydrogen peroxide for 18 hours and 12 hours was found superior for

bleaching the above pods.

Dyeing techniques were standardized for pods of and

.Among the various dyes, acrylic dyes (red) 0.1% were found good. Time taken for dye uptake

was 1.4 minutes for and

Grevillea robusta

Gerbera

jamesonii Plumeria

Jacaranda mimosifolia Castanospermum

australe

Jacaranda mimosifolia Castanospermum

australe

Jacaranda mimosifolia Castanospermum australe.

64

Step 5: Development of new dry flower products for export market

Step 6: Standardization of export packaging technology for dry flower products

(8.1) Expected increase in area, production and net income

Utilizing the 44 identified plant species, 72 products (potpourris, garland, wreath, fairy pine cone

angel, Christmas snow man, gift decoration, Christmas candle, basket arrangements, wall hangings,

photo frames, hat arrangements, pen stands, key chains, ear, swag, etc.) were developed both for export

and domestic markets.

The safe packaging material for the transport of scented pine cones is 5ply 180 gsm rings Full

Telescopic Half Slotted Container (FTHS) and 5ply 180 gsm Regular Slotted Container (RSC)

recorded moderate damage (3.22 and 3.80) in the drop test and trace amount of damage (1.48 and 1.78)

in the vibration test

Enhanced opportunities in newer markets such as Europe and USA

Increase in production from 1600 tonnes to 2000 tonnes

Savings of 0.8-1.2 % through reduced transport losses due to adoption of improved processing

and packaging techniques.

, Visalakshi M, Cintu S and Ganga M. 2013. Standardization of drying, bleaching

and dyeing process in dried flowers. : 65 - 69.

Identification of local plant species would help to prevent the illegal collection of plants from

forests

Hands on training for unemployed youth, women and SHGs and entrepreneurial trainings

conducted lead to chance of improvement of employment opportunities and development of

cottage industries.

100 women of different SHGs got job year round which improved their livelihood

Jawaharlal M

Journal of Horticultural Sciences 8 (1)

10.Any other information

8. Expected Outcome/Impact of the technology:

9. Whether findings have been published? If so, give the citation and enclose copy of the

publication.

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Table top

arrangement

Photographs

Pen stand

Potpourri

Wreath

65

Annexure

Publications

1. ResearchArticles

a) International

b) National

i) , Karuppusamy R, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh Kumar D. 2012.

Precision farming in marigold: Sustainable technology intervention by NAIP – Value chain on

flowers for domestic and export markets.

: 171-174.

ii) Bini Sundar S T, Kannan M and . 2012. Influence of fertigation on growth and

yield of gundumalli ( Ait.). :

691 – 694.

iii) , Thamaraiselvi S P and Ganga M. 2013. Standardization of export packaging

technology for Jasmine ( Ait.) flowers. : 81-92.

iv) , Swapna, C and Ganga M. 2013. Comparative analysis of conventional and

precision farming systems forAfrican Marigold ( L.) : 311

– 317.

v) , Visalakshi M, Cintu S and Ganga M. 2013. Standardization for drying bleaching

and dyeing process in dried flowers. : 65 – 69.

vi) Karthikeyan S, , Jegadeeswari V and Dhinesh D. 2013. Performance of carnation

( Linn.) cultivars under steel frame (medium cost) and wooden frame

(low cost) polyhouses. : 394-396.

i) Karthikeyan S, and Ganga M. 2009. Effect of boron on calyx splitting in

Carnation ( Linn.). : 269-273.

ii) Thamaraiselvi S P, Ganga, M and Varadharaju N. 2010. Packaging technology

for long term storage of jasmine ( Ait.) flowers.

: 171 -181.

iii) Bini Sundar S T, Kannan, M and . 2010. Influence of precision production

technologies on growth and yield of Gundumalli ( Ait.).

: 207 -211.

iv) Thamaraiselvi S P, Rajamani K and Ganga M. 2011. Studies on Packaging

technology for long term storage of L. flowers.

: 223-230.

v) Kalyanasundaram M, Thiyagarajan P, , Muthulakshmi P and Ganga M. 2012.

Effect of pesticides on management of blossom midge Contariniamaculipennis Felt.

(Cecidomyiidae: Diptera) in Jasmine ( Ait.).

169 – 172.

vi) Mekala P, Ganga M. and . 2012.Artificial colouring of Tuberose flowers for value

addition. 216 - 223.

vii) Muthulakshmi P, , Thiyagarajan P, Kalyanasundaram M, and Senthilmurugan.

2012. Ecofriendly methods to manage Alternaria leaf blight ( ) in jasmine

( Ait ) 190 -192

viii) Ravikumar R, Sivakumar S D, , Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh Kumar D.

2012. Impact of NAIP project value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets on

technology adoption among jasmine growers in Erode district.

896 - 900.

Jawaharlal M

International Journal of Applied Agricultural

Research

Jawaharlal M

Jasminum sambac Research Journal of Agricultural Science

Jawaharlal M

Jasminum sambac Acta Horticulturae

Jawaharlal M

Tagetes erecta Acta Horticulturae

Jawaharlal M

Journal of Horticultural Sciences

Jawaharlal M

Dianthus caryophyllus

International Journal of Advanced Biological Research

Jawaharlal M

Dianthus caryophyllus Journal of Ornamental Horticulture

Jawaharlal M,

Jasminum sambac Journal of Ornamental

Horticulture

Jawaharlal M

Jasminum sambac Journal of

Ornamental Horticulture

Jawaharlal M,

Jasminum grandiflorum Advances in Plant

Sciences

Jawaharlal M

Jasminum sambac South Indian Horticulture

Jawaharlal M

South Indian Horticulture

Jawaharlal M

Alternariajasmini

Jasminum sambac . South Indian Horticulture

Jawaharlal M

Madras Agricultural Journal

7 (3)

3 (3)

270

270

8 (1)

3(3)

12(4)

13 (3)

13 (3)

24(1)

60:

60:

60:

99

(10-12):

66

ix) Karthikeyan S and . 2013. Optimization of planting density in carnation.

: 121 – 125.

x) Karthikeyan S and . 2013. Standardization of wrapping and packaging techniques

to enhance the post harvest life of carnation. : 360 – 365.

xi) Ravikumar R, Sivakumar S D, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh Kumar D.

2013. Improving farm financial literacy to enhance productivity: Empirical evidence from Tamil

Nadu. 129 – 134.

i) , Ganga M, Padmadevi K, Jegadeeswari V and Karthikeyan S. 2010. A technical

guide on carnation. Sri Sakthi Publications, Coimbatore (ISBN No. 819080809-5).

ii) 2012. A Tamil compendium on “Hi-tech flower cultivation”. Sri Sakthi

Publications, Coimbatore (ISBN No. 819233063-X).

iii) Ganga M, Ranchana P and . 2014. A handbook on value addition in flowers. Sri

Sakthi Publications, Coimbatore (ISBN No. 9-788192330631).

iv) and M Ganga. 2014. Value chain on flowers. Sreedevi Lithographics, Coimbatore

(ISBN No. 9788192330655 )

i) . 2012. Jasmine. Tamil compendium on “Hi-tech flower cultivation”. ISBN No.

819233063-X. Pp. 7 – 18

ii) Kalyanasundaram M and Murugeeswari S. 2012. Pest management in flower crops. Tamil

compendium on “Hi-tech flower cultivation”, p 84 – 89, ISBN No. 819233063-X.

iii) Karupusamy R, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh Kumar D. 2012. Marketing management

in flowers crops. Tamil compendium on “Hi-tech flower cultivation”, p 95 – 100, ISBN No.

819233063-X.

iv) Renugadevi P, Murugeswari S and Nakkeeran S. 2012. Disease management in flower crops.

Tamil compendium on “Hi-tech flower cultivation”, p 90 – 94, ISBN No. 819233063-X.

v) Vijay Selvaraj K S. 2012. Marigold. Tamil compendium on “Hi-tech flower cultivation”. ISBN

No. 819233063-X. Pp. 27 – 32

vi) Karthikeyan S, and Dhinesh D. 2013. Precision production technology for

carnation under protected cultivation. (in) Agricultural Graduate Students' Conference, 2013 –

Food safety and Food security, p 215 - 216 ISBN – 978-81-9233-066-2.

i) Karthikeyan S. 2009. 'Effect of boron on calyx splitting in carnation var. Madame collettee.' M Sc

thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

ii) Swathima 2009. 'Influence of biostimulants on productivity and xanthophyll content of African

marigold ( L.) Hybrid L3.' M Sc (Hort.) thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University,

Coimbatore.

iii) Anitha M. 2010. 'Identification and screening of plant species for value addition as dry flower

products and standardization of packaging materials for the pine cones for export.' M Sc thesis,

Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

iv) Cintu S. 2010. 'Standardization of processing techniques for dry flowers.' M Sc thesis,

Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

v) Vishnu Priya 2011. 'Effect of glycerine and silica gel on drying of plant species.'

M Sc thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

Jawaharlal M Hort

Flora Research Spectrum

Jawaharlal M

Progressive Horticulture

Jawaharlal M,

Madras Agricultural Journal

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M.

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Tagetes erecta

2 (2)

45 (2)

100:

2. Books

3. Book chapter

4. Theses

a) M.Sc.

67

vi) Jennoah. 2012. 'Standardization of techniques for off-season flowering in jasmine species under

polyhouse.' M Sc thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

i) Thamaraiselvi S P. 2009. 'Standardization of export packaging technology for jasmine (Jasminum

sp.) and Tuberose ( ).' Ph D thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,

Coimbatore.

ii) Swapna C. 2010. 'Investigation on production system efficiency of precision farming in

comparison with conventional system in marigold ( L.).' Ph D (Hort.) thesis, Tamil

NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

iii) Bini Sundar S T. 2011. 'Investigation on the production system efficiency of precision technology

in comparison with conventional system in gundumalli ( Ait.).' Ph D (Hort.)

thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

iv) Karthikeyan S. 2012. 'Standardization of precision farming technologies for carnation.' Ph D

thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

v) Dhinesh D. 2013. 'Standardization of fertigation schedule micronutrients application and

fusarium wilt management in carnation ( ).' Ph D thesis , Tamil Nadu

Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

vi) Mekala P. 2013. 'Nano Technological approaches and modified atmospheric packaging in

jasmine ( ) flowers for export markets.' Ph D thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural

University, Coimbatore.

vii) Muthukrishnan R. 2013. 'Response of nutripellet pack technique for carnation and marigold.'

Ph D thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

viii) Ravikumar R. 2013. 'An assessment of financial literacy and its impact on farm financial

management and productivity.' Ph D thesis, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

ix) Visalakshi M. 2013. 'Standardisation of dry flower advanced processing and packaging

techniques for export and domestic market.' Ph D thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,

Coimbatore.

i) , Karthikeyan S, Dhinesh D and Ganga M. 2010. Boron's role in quality carnation

production. (December), pp. 26-27.

ii) , Karthikeyan S and Ganga M.2012. Carnation of the Nilgiris - many challenges

ahead. : 20 – 21.

iii) , Visalakshi M and Rajaram P. 2013. Dry flower industry: SWOT analysis.

, (March), pp. 44 – 46.

iv) , Ganga M and Mekala P. 2013. Iron deficiency in jasmine.

: 50 - 52

v) Visalakshi M and . 2013. Dry flower industry in India and Tamil Nadu – Status

scope opportunities and challenges. (June – July): 54.

i) TNAU varsity bags 2 farm projects (NAIP). (In Tamil) 20.08.2008. (Ed.Coimbatore)

ii) Solving flower grower's problems through NAIP. (In Tamil) 20.08.2008. (Ed.

Coimbatore)

iii) TNAU varsity bags 2 farm projects (NAIP). 28.08.2008. (Ed.Coimbatore)

iv) Improving agriculture through 25 new research projects. (In Tamil) 28.08.2008.

(Ed.Coimbatore)

Polianthes tuberosa

Tagetes erecta

Jasminum sambac

Dianthus caryophyllus

Jasminum sambac

Jawaharlal M

Floriculture Today

Jawaharlal M

Floriculture Today

Jawaharlal M

Agriculture Today

Jawaharlal M Floriculture Today

Jawaharlal M

Plant Horti Tech

Dinamalar

Dinamani.

Business line

Dinamalar

17 (2)

17 (10)

b) Ph.D.

5. Popular articles (English)

6. Newspaper article

68

v) Dry technology to women and unemployed youth. (In Tamil) 28.12.2008.

(Ed.Salem)

vi) Training to cut flower growers. (In Tamil) 1.2.2009. (Ed. Coimbatore)

vii) Entrepreneurship development training programme on value addition on jasmine.

(In Tamil) 28.1.2009. (Ed.Coimbatore)

viii) Two days training programme on dry flower arrangement. . (In Tamil) 18.03.2009.

(Ed.Salem)

ix) Training on value addition of flowers. (In Tamil) 6.10.2009. (Ed.Coimbatore)

x) Training on advanced production technology of cut flowers. (In Tamil) 24.10.2009.

(Ed.Dindugal)

xi) Floriculture picking up in Sathyamangalam and Bhavanisagar (The total acreage is growing at

the rate of 10 to 15 per cent every year). 26.10.2010.(Ed. Erode)

xii) Two days training programme on dry flower arrangement. (In Tamil) 28.8.10. (Ed.

Salem)

xiii) Training on dry flower arrangement by Salem Spices and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University.

(In Tamil) 31.10.11. (Ed.Salem)

xiv) Cut flower seed production unit getting ready. . 20.08.2012

xv) Decrease in export of Madurai Malli. (In Tamil) 24.08.2012. (Ed. Madurai)

xvi) Madurai Malli to tap foreign markets. (In English) 24.08.2012. (Ed.

Madurai).

xvii) Madurai Malli' gets incubator; set to become a global brand. (In English) 25.08.2012.

(Ed. Madurai).

xviii) Jasmine bud worm. (In Tamil). 16.9.12. (Ed.Coimbatore)

xix) Flower growers and sellers meet conducted by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University NAIP

(Flowers). . 19.12.2012 (In Tamil). (Ed. Coimbatore)

xx) Natural pest management in floriculture production. 20.12.2012 (In Tamil). (Ed.

Coimbatore)

xxi) In flower production 40% flowers are losses. How to solve the problem? Detailed explanation

gave to flower growers and sellers. . 21.12.2012. (In Tamil). (Ed. Coimbatore)

xxii) Marigold used as intercrop in banana. , 2013 (In Tamil). (Ed. Krishnagiri).

xxiii) Better post-harvest management of cut flowers vital to boost exports. . 13.02.2013 (In

English) (Ed. Coimbatore)

xxiv) Even after GI the export of Madurai malli seems to be decrease but Sathyamangalam shows

promising development. . 13.12.2013(In Tamil). (Ed. Madurai)

xxv) Flower crop giving more profit than rice production. 13.12.2013. (In Tamil). (Ed.

Madurai)

xxvi) Plants will think differently. . 22.12.13 (In Tamil). (Ed. Madurai)

xxvii)Andhra Pradesh farmers visit Tamil NaduAgricultural Varsity (English). . 11.05.2013

(Ed.Andhra Pradesh).

i) , Karthikeyan S and Karuppusamy R. 2012. Success of carnation cultivation: an

intervention I NAIP- Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets.

held during 28-31 May at

Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 288.

Tamil Murasu.

Dinamalar

Dinathanthi

Tamil Murasu

Dinamalar

Dinathanthi

The Hindu

Tamil Murasu

Tamil Murasu

The Hindu

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The New Indian Express

The Hindu

Dinamalar

Tamil Murasu

Dinamalar.

Dinamalar

Thozhil malar

The Hindu

Dinamalar

Dinamalar.

Dinamalar

The Hindu

Jawaharlal M

Global conference

on Horticulture for food nutrition and Livelihood options,

7. Seminar/ Symposium/ conference/ workshops proceedings

a) International

69

ii) , Kannan M, Karuppusamy R, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh kumar D.

2012. Export packaging technology for jasmine: A success story of NAIP – value chain on

flowers for domestic and export markets.

held during 28-31 May at Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 286.

iii) , Kannan M, Karuppusamy R, Venkatesa Palanichamy N and Suresh Kumar D.

2012. Success story marigold farming in Tamil Nadu: An intervention by NAIP – Value chain on

flowers for domestic and export markets.

held during 28-31 May at Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 330.

iv) , Kannan M, Ganga M, Visalakshi M and Karuppusamy R. 2012. Wealth from

waste: an intervention by NAIP– Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets.

held during 28-31 May at

Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 287.

i) , Karthikeyan S, Dhinesh D and Arulmozhiselvan K. 2012. Optimization of growing

media consortia for carnation ( Linn.). 5 held

during 6-9NovemberatPunjabAgriculturalUniversity,Ludhiana, India, pp.150-151.

ii) Bini Sundar S T, Kannan M and . 2012. Influence of pre- harvest precision

production technologies on post harvest shelf life of gundumalli ( Ait.).

, held during 28-31 May at

Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 286.

iii) Kalyanasundaram M, and Thiyagarajan P. 2012.Standardization of eco-friendly

methods to manage mites ( ) infesting carnation (

Linn.) , held during

28-31 May at Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 235-236.

iv) Karthikeyan S, and Dhinesh D. 2012. Standardization of fumigation techniques

for protected carnation cultivation.

, held during 28-31 May at Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa ,India, pp. 235.

v) Karthikeyan S, , Dhinesh D and Ganga M. 2012. Optimization of precooling

temperature for carnation ( Linn.). held

during 6-9 November at PunjabAgricultural University, Ludhiana, India, pp. 465.

vi) Karthikeyan S, and Ganga M. 2012. Effect of pulsing chemicals on post harvest

life of carnation. ,

held during 28-31 May at Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 288- 289.

vii) Karuppusamy R, Sivakumar S D, , Sureshkumar D and Venkatesa Palanisamy N.

2012. Impact of NAIP- Value chain on Flowers for Domestic and Export Markets on Technology

Adoption among Jasmine Growers in Erode district. held during

6-9, November at PunjabAgricultural University, Ludhiana, India, pp. 533-534.

viii) Mekala P, Ganga M, and Kannan M. 2012. Tinting of tuberose (

L.) flowers.

held during 28-31 May at Bhuvaneswar, Orrisa, India, pp. 289.

ix) Mekala P, Kumar N, Kannan M and . 2012. Estimating leaf area in

cv. Gundumalli by using linear measurement. , held

during 6-9 November at PunjabAgricultural University, Ludhiana, India, pp.190.

x) Nakkeeran S, Indumathi T, Dhinesh D, Renugadevi M, Chandrasekar G and

Jonathan E. 2012. Effect of liquid formulations of spp. and

talc based formulation of for the management of carnation wilt incited by

Schlechtend: Fr. f. sp. dianthi (Prill & Declacr.) W. C. Snyd. & H. N. Hans.

under protected cultivation.

(ISBioPEN), held during 24-26, September, Bangkok, Thailand, pp.48

Jawaharlal M

Global conference on Horticulture for food nutrition

and Livelihood options,

Jawaharlal M

Global conference on Horticulture for food nutrition

and Livelihood options,

Jawaharlal M

Global

conference on Horticulture for food nutrition and Livelihood options,

Jawaharlal M

Dianthus caryophyllus Indian Horticulture Congress,

Jawaharlal M

Jasminum sambac Global

conference on Horticulture for food nutrition and Livelihood options

Jawaharlal M

Tetranychus urticae Dianthus caryophyllus

Global conference on Horticulture for food nutrition and Livelihood options

Jawaharlal M

Global conference on Horticulture for food nutrition and

Livelihood options

Jawaharlal M

Dianthus caryophyllus 5 Indian Horticulture Congress,

Jawaharlal M

Global conference on Horticulture for food nutrition and Livelihood options

Jawaharlal M

5 Indian Horticulture Congress,

Jawaharlal M Polianthes

tuberosa Global conference on Horticulture for food nutrition and Livelihood

options,

Jawaharlal M Jasminum

sambac 5 Indian Horticulture Congress

Jawaharlal M,

Bacillus Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Trichoderma viride

Fusarium oxy sporum

2 International Symposium of Biopesticides and Ecotoxicological

Network

th

th

th

th

nd

70

b) National

i) , Visalakshi M and Anandhi S. 2010. Plant diversity for value addition. 2010.

held

during 26 - 28th November at Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

ii) , Karthikeyan S, Rajamani K and Natesan R. 2010. Response of carnation

( L.) var. Madame Collette to boron with respect to calyx split incidence.

, held during 19-21

March at Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, pp.135-136.

iii) , Cintu S, Ganga M, Lakshmanan V and Visalakshi M. 2010 Dehydration

technology for Silver oak ( ) and Thuja ( ) leaves for making dry

flower products.

held during 19-21 March at Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, pp.162-163.

iv) Anitha M, Visalakshi M, Subramanian S, and Lakshmanan V. 2010. Identification

and screening of plant species suitable for flower products. In: Abstract book of the

, held during 26 -

28th November at Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

v) Anitha M, Subramanian S, , Lakshmanan V and Cintu S. 2010. Glycerine method

of drying for dry flower making. In: Abstract book of the

held during 26 - 28 November at Tamil Nadu

Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

vi) Anitha M, Subramanian S, , Lakshmanan V and Visalakshi M. 2010. The Shevroy

Hills – A potential source of raw plant materials for dry flower technology.

, held during 19-21 March at Meerut,

Uttar Pradesh, pp.161-162.

vii) Cintu S, , Lakshmanan V and Ganga M. 2010. Standardization of bleaching and

dyeing techniques for dry flower making. In: Abstract book of the

held during 26 - 28th November at Tamil

NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

viii) Cintu S, , Lakshmanan V and Ganga M. 2010. Standardization of drying

techniques for dry flower making. In: Abstract book of the

, held during 26 - 28th November at Tamil

NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

ix) Dhinesh D, Karthikeyan S and . 2010. Fumigation technique for protected

carnation cultivation. In

, held during 26 - 28th November at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,

Coimbatore, pp.122.

x) Muthulakshmi P, , Thiyagarajan P, Ganga M, Dhinesh D and Srithar N. 2010.

Ecofriendly management of Fusarium wilt ( f. sp dianthi) in carnation. In

, held

during 26 - 28th November at Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

xi) Thamaraiselvi S P, , Ganga M and Rajamani K. 2010. Long term storage of

tuberose ( L.) flowers under modified atmospheric packaging (Best oral

presentation). In

, held during 26 - 28th November at Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

xii) Visalakshi M, and Ganga M. 2010. Pine cones – A beautiful gift of nature suitable

dry flower products. In:Abstract book of the

, held during 26 - 28th November at Tamil Nadu Agricultural

University, Coimbatore.

Jawaharlal M In

National Conference on Plant diversity for Aesthetic Values and Landscape gardening,

Jawaharlal M

Dianthus caryophyllus

National Symposium on Lifestyle Floriculture: Challenges and Opportunities

Jawaharlal M

Grevillea robusta Thuja orientalis

National symposium on Lifestyle Floriculture: Challenges and Opportunities,

Jawaharlal M

National

Conference on Plant diversity for aesthetic values and Landscape gardening

Jawaharlal M

National Conference on Plant diversity

for aesthetic values and Landscape gardening,

Jawaharlal M

National symposium

on Lifestyle Floriculture: Challenges and Opportunities

Jawaharlal M

National Conference on Plant

diversity for aesthetic values and Landscape gardening,

Jawaharlal M

National Conference on Plant

diversity for aesthetic values and Landscape gardening

Jawaharlal M

National Conference on Plant diversity for aesthetic values and

Landscape gardening

Jawaharlal M

Fusaraium oxy sporum

National Conference on Plant diversity for aesthetic values and Landscape gardening

Jawaharlal M

Polianthes tuberosa

National Conference on Plant diversity for aesthetic values and Landscape

Gardening

Jawaharlal M

National Conference on Plant diversity for aesthetic

values and Landscape gardening

th

71

xiii) Visalakshi M, , Lakshmanan V and Rajaram P. 2010. Dry flower technology in

Tamil Nadu – An overview. :

held during 19-21 March at Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, pp.162.

i) , Kannan M, Kumaresan S, Srithar N and Thiyagarajan P. 2010. Jasmine -

Technologies and value addition. Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Tamil Nadu

Agricultural University, Coimbatore and NAIP, New Delhi.

ii) , Karthikeyan S, Dhinesh, D and Venkatesh V. 2011. Carnation - Cut flower

cultivation and Postharvest technology (In Tamil). Department of Floriculture and Landscaping,

Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore and NAIP, New Delhi.

iii) , Kannan M, Ganga M, Ravindran C, Jegadeeswari V, Padmadevi K and

Senthilkumar T. Jasmine – Flower cultivation and Post harvest technology (In Tamil).

Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore

and NAIP, New Delhi.

iv) , Kannan M, Ganga M, Visalakshi M, Ravindran C, Jegadeeswari V, Padmadevi K

and Senthilkumar T. Dry flowers (In Tamil). Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Tamil

NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore and NAIP, New Delhi.

i) Karthikeyan S and . 2011. Hi- tech cut flower cultivation techniques. In training

manual on Horticultural technologies for conservation soil and water sources held during 8 - 12th

March at Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Ooty.

i) and Ganga M. 2009. Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets'-

TNAU's NAIP project to gear up the floriculture industry. In: Abstract book of international

conference for livelihood security & economic growth held during 09-12 November at

Bangalore, India, pp.442.

ii) and Ganga M. Value chain management in ornamentals. 2010. National

Symposium on Lifestyle floriculture: Challenges and Opportunities, held during 19-21 March, at

Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, pp.79-82.

iii) Kannan M, Bini Sundar S T and Swapna C. 2011. Precision production technologies to enhance

profitability in certain loose flower crops. In: National Conference on Recent Trends and Future

prospects in Floriculture, held during 5 -8 March at Sardhar Vallabhai Patel University of

Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut (UP), pp. 43-44.

iv) . 2011. Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets. In: National

Conference on Recent Trends and Future prospects in Floriculture, held during 5 -8 March at

Sardhar Vallabhai Patel University ofAgriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut (UP), pp.

52-56

v) Rajaram P, Visalakshi M, , Lakshmanan V.2011. “Opportunities in Dry Flower

Industry for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises”. In Proceedings of National conference on

Floriculture for Livelihood and Profitability, held during 16-19 March at Indian Agricultural

Research Institute, New Delhi, pp.36-39.

vi) Visalakshi M, and Ganga M. 2011. Dry flower products from waste materials – A

Novelty. International Conference on Food and Nutraceuticals for Nutrition and Health:

Technology and Delivery, pp. 222.

Jawaharlal M

National symposium on Lifestyle Floriculture Challenges and

Opportunities,

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

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8. Technical Bulletin

9. Manual

10. Seminar/ Symposium/ conference/ workshops presentations

72

11. CDs/ Videos

12. Popular articles in other language

13. Folder/ leaflet/ handout

a. CD

b. Videos

a) Folder

i) , Ganga M, Padmadevi R, Jegadeeswari V and Karthikeyan S. 2010. A Technical

guide on Carnation (English). Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil Nadu

Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

ii) , Karthikeyan S, Dhinesh D and Venkatesh V. 2010. Carnation – Cut flower

cultivation and Postharvest Technology (in Tamil). Department of Floriculture & Landscaping,

Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

iii) , Visalakshi M, Anitha M, Ganga M and Vetrivel T. 2010. A Botanical catalogue of

Plant species used in Dry flower making. Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil Nadu

Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

i) . 2009. Value chain on jasmine – I. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,

Coimbatore.

ii) . 2009. Value chain on marigold. Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

iii) . 2009. Value chain on dry flowers. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,

Coimbatore.

iv) 2010. Value chain on jasmine– II (updated). Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,

Coimbatore.

v) . 2012. Value chain on carnation. Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

i) Kalyanasundaram M, and Dhanavendan K. 2010. Marigold: Pest Management,

, November, pp. 44-46.

ii) Muthulakshmi P, and Srithar N. 2010. Diseases free Marigold.

, November, pp. 47-48.

iii) Sethumadhavan K. 2011. Jasmine flower exports to USA (Tamil). ,

May, pp.48-50.

iv) Venkatesh V. 2011. Carnation cultivation in greenhouse. (Tamil).

August, pp. 42 – 44.

v) , Visalakshi M and Vetrivel T. 2012. Export of dry flowers.

, November, pp. 15 -18.

i) Value chain on flowers for domestic and export markets

ii) Production technology in jasmine (English)

iii) Production technology in jasmine (Tamil)

iv) Precision production technology in marigold (English)

v) Mite and wilt - Serious menace in carnation (English)

vi) Mite and wilt - Serious menace in carnation (Tamil)

vii) Dry flowers products (Tamil)

viii) Dry flower technology (English)

ix) Dry flower technology (Tamil)

x) Compatibility chart for plant protection chemicals

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M.

Jawaharlal M

Jawaharlal M

Ulavarin Valarum Velanmai

Jawaharlal M Ulavarin Valarum

Velanmai

Ulavarin Valarum Velanmai

Uzhavarin Valarum Velanmai,

Jawaharlal M Ulavarin Valarum

Velanmai

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b) Leaflet/Handout

i) Precision production technology of jasmine (Bilingual -Tamil & English). Department of

Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

ii) Precision production technology of marigold (Bilingual-Tamil & English). Department of

Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

iii) Dry flower processing technology (Bilingual -Tamil & English). Department of Floriculture &

Landscaping, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

iv) Fumigation techniques for protected cultivation (Bilingual -Tamil & English). Department of

Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

v) Jasmine concrete extraction (Bilingual - Tamil & English). Department of Floriculture &

Landscaping, Tamil NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

vi) Value added product of jasmine (English). Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil

NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

vii) Value chain on jasmine for export markets. Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil

NaduAgricultural University, Coimbatore.

viii) Soil health card. Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, Tamil NaduAgricultural University,

Coimbatore.

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98

56

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ter

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curr

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ub

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Da

te o

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00

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r esp

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tal

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tal

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itu

re :

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19

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7 l

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Du

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01

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31

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14

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42

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58

53

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51

20

)*

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nk

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82

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GE

TA

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IT

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te :

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l

rele

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Exp

end

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as

on

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31.0

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3

Req

uir

e

men

t of

addi

tion

alfu

nd

s

Rem

ark

s

1st

yea

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nd

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ear

4th

y

ear

5th

yea

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th y

ear

1st

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0.2

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462

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150

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941

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A/S

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700

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214

2.1

640

1.7

705

0.2

228

1.0

819

7.5

306

0.6

314

1.4

864

2.0

516

2.0

565

0.8

526

0.4

521

7.5

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14.3

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1.5

705

1.5

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1.4

500

0.3

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4.7

53

11.0

485

1.3

205

1.8

374

1.7

109

1.3

712

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349

19.8

091

2.0

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3.5

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3.6

183

2.2

558

4.4

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19.8

442

B. H

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Com

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0.1

80

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0.1

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0.1

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0.1

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0.1

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0.2

303

0.1

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12.8

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0.7

818

7.3

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22.3

985

2.4

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3.8

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3.9

292

2.7

362

5.2

202

22.3

985

Da

te o

f C

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of

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ct :

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tem

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, 2

00

8

Du

rati

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to M

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20

14

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9.2

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01

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III

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r:

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4.2

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0 l

ak

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nso

rtiu

m p

art

ner

: M

/sV

an

gu

ard

Ex

po

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nd

s R

ecei

ved

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ea

ch y

ear

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s. 2

.80

60

la

kh

s

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ear

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18

la

kh

s

Sa

nct

ion

Let

ter

No

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.No

:10

(23

)/C

om

p-2

/20

08

-NA

IP

To

tal

Su

b-p

roje

ct C

ost

: R

s. 1

4.9

1 l

ak

hs

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nct

ion

ed/R

evis

ed S

ub

-pro

ject

co

st(i

f a

pp

lica

ble

):R

s. 2

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1 l

ak

hs

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Yea

r: R

s. 3

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49

la

kh

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39

65

90

-28

10

6)

*

Nil

Nil

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VY

ear

: R

s. 0

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18

la

kh

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(97

07

6-1

89

00

)*

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ctio

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end

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49

la

kh

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89

30

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07

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nk

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il

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tal

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ou

nt

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tal

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end

itu

re:

Rs.

22

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85

la

kh

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PA

RT

-III

: B

UD

GE

TA

ND

IT

S U

TIL

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ST

AT

EM

EN

TO

FE

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AT

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e &

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f C

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me

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atu

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rele

ased

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iod

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to

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ud

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iod

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nct

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ter

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20

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Rev

ised

Sa

nct

ion

No

. F

.No

.10

(23

)/C

om

p-2

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-NA

IPD

t.19.0

5.2

013

Tota

l S

ub

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ctio

ned

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Su

b-p

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ct c

ost

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ap

pli

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35

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kh

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of

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men

cem

ent

of

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b-p

roje

ct:S

epte

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rati

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01

4)

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tal

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ou

nt

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ived

:

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end

itu

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M)

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te:_

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__

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_

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me

& S

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r e o

f C

CP

I :

Part

-III

: B

ud

get

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ts U

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4)

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nct

ion

Let

ter

No

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)/2

00

7-N

AIP

, D

t.2

2.0

8.2

00

8 &

14

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11

Rev

ised

Sa

nct

ion

No

. F

.No

.10

(23

)/C

om

p-2

/2008

-NA

IPD

t.19.0

5.2

013

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l S

ub

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ject

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ak

hs

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ctio

ned

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b-p

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s.486.3

0 l

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hs

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of

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ent

of

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b-p

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08

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4

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14

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mo

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t re

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40

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37

15

la

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end

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re:

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824

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