AN INDUSTRY ORIENTED MAJOR PROJECT SEMINAR ON “DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT OF FOOT STEP OPERATED POWER

GENERATION USING LINEAR AND CIRCULAR GEAR COUPLING”

Department of Mechanical Engineering SYED HASHIM COLLEGE OF SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY

AADIL SALAHUDDIN (09561A0301) KHALID RASHID SAB (09561A0315) AFTAB ALAM (09561A0379)

PRESENTED BY,

(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad) Pregnapur(V),Gajwel (M),Medak Dist, Andhra Pradesh2012-2013

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of any task would be incomplete without completing those who made it possible, under whose guidance and encouragement our efforts made successful. First of all, we acknowledge without any hesitation, the grace of GOD the Almighty, in this arduous journey. Undoubtedly it is HE alone who deserves all the credit for this work. With pleasure, we record our deep sense of gratitude to Mr. SYED KHURSHEED, CHAIRMAN of SYED HASHIM COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY for allowing us to do our project We express our hurtful gratitude and respectful regards to our beloved PRINCIPAL, Smt. RAFATH SAMRIN for her support and encouragement. We would like to thank from the bottom of the heart to our H.O.D, Mr. SYED KHAJA NAIMUDDIN Department of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, for encouragement throughout the project. With deep sense gratitude, we acknowledge the active guidance, help and co-operation rendered by our internal guide Mr. SHAIKH ABDUL SALEEM Assistant professor of MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT for his able guidance has sustained the effort that has lead to the successful completion of this project. We express our earnest and gratitude and heartfelt thanks to M/S Wine Yard Technologies for their technical support and guidance to complete the project in time. Finally, We express our gratitude to all other members who are involved either directly or indirectly for completion of this project.

Introduction Block Diagram Power Supply Working Advantages Applications Conclusion

In this project we are generating electrical power  as non-conventional method by simply walking or  running on the foot  step.   Non-conventional energy system  is very essential   at   this   time  to  our  nation.

Nonconventional   energy  using  foot   step   is converting mechanical energy into the electrical energy.

Man has need and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and well-being ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago.

Due to this a lot of energy resources have been exhausted and wasted.

Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India and China where the roads, railway stations, bus stands, temples, etc. are all over crowded and millions of people move around the clock.

This whole human/ bio-energy being wasted if it can be made possible for utilization it will be great invention and crowd energy farms will be very useful energy sources in crowded countries

This project uses piezoelectric sensor. In this project the conversion of the force

energy in to electrical energy. The control mechanism carries the piezo

electric sensor, A.C ripples neutralizer, unidirectional current controller and 12V, 1.3Amp lead acid dc rechargeable battery and an inverter is used to drive AC/DC loads.

A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect tomeasure pressure, acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical signal.

PIEZO ELECTRIC SENSOR:-

Piezo Electric SensorSymbol Of Piezo Electric Sensor.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Specifications12V 1.3Ah sealed lead acid battery  1. CE and RoHs 

2. high quality and relaibility 3. miantenance free 4. long life cycle

12V 1.3Ah sealed lead acid batteryGeneral Features: Sealed and maintenance free operation. Non-Spillable construction design. ABS containers and covers(UL94HB, UL94-0)optional. Safety valve installation for explosion proof. High quality and high reliability. Exceptional deep discharge recovery performance. Low self discharge characteristic. Flexibility design for multiple install positions. 

Battery (electricity), an array of electrochemical cells for electricity storage, eitherindividually linked or individually linked and housed in a single unit. An electrical battery is acombination of one or more electrochemical cells, used to convert stored chemical energy intoelectrical energy. Batteries may be used once and discarded, or recharged for years as in standbypower applications. Miniature cells are used to power devices such as hearing aids andwristwatches; larger batteries provide standby power for telephone exchanges or computer datacenters.

As the name itself implies, it regulates the input applied to it. A voltage regulator is anelectrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. In this project,power supply of 5V and 12V are required. In order to obtain these voltage levels, 7805 and 7812voltage regulators are to be used.

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Voltage Regulator Circuit

The first number 78 represents positive supply and the numbers 05, 12 represent therequired output voltage levels. The L78xx series of three-terminal positive regulators is availablein TO-220, TO-220FP, TO-3, D2PAK and DPAK packages and several fixed output voltages,making it useful in a wide range of applications. These regulators can provide local on-cardregulation, eliminating the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. Each typeemploys internal current limiting, thermal shut-down and safe area protection, making it essentiallyindestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1 A output current.

Voltage Regulator

A bulb is a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases. The leaves often functionas food storage organs during dormancy .A bulb's leaf bases generally do not support leaves, but contain food reserves to enable theplant to survive adverse conditions. The leaf bases may resemble scales, or they may overlap andsurround the center of the bulb as with the onion. A modified stem forms the base of the bulb, andplant growth occurs from this basal plate. Roots emerge from the underside of the base, and newstems and leaves from the upper side.

BULB

Ac Blub

In a telecommunications network, a switch is a device that channels incoming data fromany of multiple input ports to the specific output port that will take the data toward its intendeddestination. In the traditional circuit-switched telephone network, one or more switches are used toset up a dedicated though temporary connection or circuit for an exchange between two or more

SWITCH

parties. On an Ethernet local area network (LAN), a switch determines from the physical device(Media Access Control or MAC) address in each incoming message frame which output port toforward it to and out of. In a wide area packet-switched network such as the Internet, a switchdetermines from the IP address in each packet which output port to use for the next part of its tripto the intended destination.In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communications model, a switch performs thelayer 2 or Data-Link layer function. That is, it simply looks at each packet or data unit anddetermines from a physical address (the "MAC address").

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD):LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD):

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures.

Its uses include monitors for computers, televisions, instrument panels, and other devices ranging from aircraft cockpit displays, to every-day consumer devices such as gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones.

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Among its major features are its lightweight construction, its portability, and its ability to be produced in much larger screen sizes than are practical for the construction of cathode ray tube (CRT) display technology.

INVERTERINVERTER

An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC); the converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits. Solid-state inverters have no moving parts and are used in a wide range of applications, from small switching power supplies in computers, to large electric utility high-voltage direct current applications that transport bulk power. Inverters are commonly used to supply AC power from DC sources such as solar panels or batteries

Fig 2.26: Inverter

There are two main types of inverter. The output of a modified sine wave inverter is similar to a square wave output except that the output goes to zero volts for a time before switching positive or negative. It is simple and low cost (~$0.10USD/Watt) and is compatible with most electronic devices, except for sensitive or specialized equipment, for example certain laser printers. A pure sine wave inverter produces a nearly perfect sine wave output (<3% total harmonic distortion) that is essentially the same as utility-supplied grid power. Thus it is compatible with all AC electronic devices. This is the type used in grid-tie inverters. Its design is more complex, and costs 5 or 10 times more per unit power (~$0.50 to $1.00USD/Watt).[1] The electrical inverter is a high-power electronic oscillator. It is so named because early mechanical AC to DC converters were made to work in reverse, and thus were "inverted", to convert DC to AC. The inverter performs the opposite function of a rectifier.

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1.1. GroundGround

2.2. Vcc +5VVcc +5V

3.3. Contrast controlContrast control

4.4. Register select (RS)Register select (RS)

5.5. Read/Write (RD/WR)Read/Write (RD/WR)

6.6. Enable (EN)Enable (EN)

7 – 14 pins all are data pins D0 – D77 – 14 pins all are data pins D0 – D7

15.15. Vcc +5V }Vcc +5V }

16.16. Ground }Ground }

Pin Description of LCD:

For backlight purpose

The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. It converts A.C. into pulsating D.C.The rectifier may be a half wave or a full wave rectifier. In this project, a bridge rectifier is usedbecause of its merits like good stability and full wave rectification.

RECTIFIER:-

Rectifier CircuitThe Bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage to dc voltage using both half cyclesof the input ac voltage. The Bridge rectifier circuit is shown in the figure. The circuit has fourdiodes connected to form a bridge. The ac input voltage is applied to the diagonally opposite endsof the bridge. The load resistance is connected between the other two ends of the bridge.

In one simple inverter circuit, DC power is connected to a transformer through the centretap of the primary winding. A switch is rapidly switched back and forth to allow current to flowback to the DC source following two alternate paths through one end of the primary winding andthen the other. The alternation of the direction of current in the primary winding of the transformerproduces alternating current (AC) in the secondary circuit.

Rectifier Circuit Description

DESIGNING FIGURE

Foot Step Design Under The Road

When ever force is applied on piezo electric crystals that force is converted to Electrical energy is used to drive DC loads.

And that minute voltage Which is stored in the Lead Acid battery.

The battery is connected to the inverter. This inverter is used to convert the 12 Volt D.C to the 230

Volt A.C. This 230 Volt A.C voltage is used to activate the loads. We are using conventional battery charging unit also for

giving supply to the circuitry. Here we are using AT89S52 to display the amount of

battery get charged whenever we place our foot on piezo electric transducer.

The function on AC ripple neutralizer is to filter the unwanted AC Flickering, noise.

Unidirectional current controller: to oppose reverse flow. from conventional battery source it will be converted to

5v by using 7805 as a voltage regulator. Current Generated:15mA, Max Voltage:3.3-5V,Power: 0.75 watts. Battery ratings:12v,current

ratings:1.3Ah/20hrs(discharging time)....

one piezo electric sensor generates:0.0125 approximately (from 1 sensor) and 16 sensors (2 v)

Reliable, Economical, Eco-Friendly. Less consumption of Non- renewable

energies.  

Extremely wide dynamic range, almost free of noise - suitable for shock measurement as well as for almostimperceptible vibration

• Excellent linearity over their dynamic range• Wide frequency range, high frequencies can be measured• Compact yet highly sensitive• No moving parts - long service life• Self-generating - no external power required• Great variety of models available for nearly any purpose• Integration of the output signal provides velocity and displacement

Foot step generated power can be used for agricultural, home applications, street-lighting.

Foot step power generation can be used in emergency power failure situations.

Metros, Rural Applications etc.,

The project “FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION FOR RURAL ENERGY APPLICATION TO RUN A.C. AND D.C. LOADS” is successfully tested and implemented which is the best economical, affordable energy solution to common people. This can be used for many applications in rural areas where power availability is less or totally absence. As India is a developing country where energy management is a big challenge for huge population. By using this project we can drive both a.c. as well as D.C loads according to the force we applied on the piezo electric sensor.

REFERENCE:www.howstuffworks.comwww.answers.comEMBEDDED SYSTEM BY RAJ KAMALMagazines:Electronics for youElectrikindia•www.techno-preneur.net results•www.telegraph.co.uk/.../

energy/.../Japan-harnesses-energy-from-foot.