CONTENTSS.NO TOPIC Page a. Certificate 1

b. Declaration 3 c. Acknowledgement 4d. Abstract 5e. Introduction 10f. Research Methodology 36g. Data Analysis & Interpretation 39h. Conclusion 53i. Suggestions 55j. Bibliography 59k. Annexure 60

INTRODUCTIONAccording to the American Marketing Association, Green Marketing is the marketing of products that are presumed to be environmentally safe. Thus green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including Product modification,Changes to the production process,Packaging changes, as well asModifying advertising.

Green Marketing refers to the process of selling products and/or services based on their environmental benefits. Such a product or service may be environmentally friendly in it or produced and/or packaged in an environmentally friendly way. As per Mr. J. Polonsky, Green Marketing can be defined as, "All activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchange intended to satisfy human needs or wants such that satisfying of these needs and wants occur with minimal detrimental input on the national environment." Green Marketing involves developing and promoting products and services that satisfy customer's want and need for Quality, Performance, Affordable Pricing and Convenience without having a detrimental input on the environment. Goals of Green Marketing:

Eliminate the concept of wasteReinvent the concept of productPackaging changesMake prices reflect actual and environmental costsMake environmentalism profitableBringing out product modificationsChanging in production processes Modifying advertising.

Yet defining green marketing is not a simple task where several meanings intersect and contradict each other; an example of this will be the existence of varying social, environmental and retail definitions attached to this term. Other similar terms used are Environmental Marketing and Ecological Marketing. The legal implications of marketing claims call for caution. Misleading or overstated claims can lead to regulatory or civil challenges. In the USA, the Federal Trade Commission provides some guidance on environmental marketing claims. So, in simple terms Green marketing refers to the process of selling products and/or services based on their environmental benefits. Such a product or service may be environmentally friendly in itself or produced and/or packaged in an environmentally friendly way. The obvious assumption of green marketing is that potential consumers will view a product or service's "greenness" as a benefit and base their buying decision accordingly. Green marketers though argue that it is a way to use the environmental benefits of a product or service to promote sales. Many consumers will choose products that do not damage the environment over less environmentally friendly products, even if they cost more. With green marketing, advertisers focus on environmental benefits to sell products such as biodegradable diapers, energy-efficient light bulbs, and environmentally safe detergents. People buy billions of dollars worth of goods and services every yearmany which harm the environment in how they are harvested, made, or used. Environmentalists support green marketing to encourage people to use environmentally preferable alternatives, and to offer incentives to manufacturers that develop more environmentally beneficial products.

BIRTH OF GREEN MARKETING The concept of green marketing has been around at least since the first Earth Day in 1970. But the idea did not catch on until the 1980s, when rising public interest in the environment led to a demand for more green products and services. Manufacturers responded to public interest by labelling hundreds of new products "environmentally friendly"making claims that products were biodegradable, compostable, energy efficient, or the like. The term Green Marketing came into prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The American Marketing Association (AMA) held the first workshop on "Ecological Marketing" in 1975. The proceedings of this workshop resulted in one of the first books on green marketing entitled "Ecological Marketing". The first wave of Green Marketing occurred in the 1980s. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Reports started with the ice cream seller Ben & Jerry's where the financial report was supplemented by a greater view on the company's environmental impact. In 1987 a document prepared by the World Commission on Environment and Development defined sustainable development as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need, this became known as the Brundtland Report and was another step towards widespread thinking on sustainability in everyday activity.The green marketing has evolved over a period of time. According to Peattie (2001), the evolution of green marketing has three phases. First phase was termed as "Ecological" green marketing, and during this period all marketing activities were concerned to help environment problems and provide remedies for environmental problems. Second phase was "Environmental" green marketing and the focus shifted on clean technology that involved designing of innovative new products, which take care of pollution and waste issues. Third phase was "Sustainable" green marketing. It came into prominence in the late 1990s and early 2000 NEED OF GREEN MARKETING WHY IS GREEN MARKETING CHOSEN BY MOST MARKETERS? Most of the companies are venturing into green marketing because of the following reasons: Issues like Global warming and depletion of ozone umbrella are important for the healthy survival. Every person rich or poor would be interested in quality life with full of health and vigour and so would the corporate class. Financial gain and economic profit is the main aim of any corporate business. But harm to environment cost by sustain business across the globe is realized now though off late. This sense is building corporate citizenship in the business class. So green marketing by the business class is still in the selfish anthological perspective of long term sustainable business and to please the consumer and obtain the sanction license by the governing body. Industries in Asian countries are catching the need of green marketing from the developed countries but still there is a wide gap between their understanding and implementation. Green marketing has been widely adopted by the firms worldwide and the following are the possible reasons cited for this wide adoption. There are basically five reasons for which a marketer should go for the adoption of green marketing.

They are:

Opportunities or competitive advantageCorporate social responsibilities (CSR)Government pressureCompetitive pressureCost or profit issues

1) OPPORTUNITIES - As demands change, many firms see these changes as an opportunity to be exploited and have a competitive advantage over firms marketing non- environmentally responsible alternatives. Some examples of firms who have strived to come more environmentally responsible, in an attempt to better satisfy their consumer needs are: McDonald's replaced its clam shell packaging with waxed paper because of increased consumer concern relating to polystyrene production and Ozone depletion. The Surf Excel detergent which saves water (advertised with the message"do bucket paani roz bachana"). The energy-saving LG consumers durables are examples of green marketing. We also have green buildings which are efficient in their use of energy, water and construction materials, and which reduce the impact on human health and the environment through better design, construction, operation, maintenance and waste disposal. In India, the green building movement, spearheaded by the Confederation of Indian industry (CII) - Godrej Green business Center, has gained tremendous impetus over the last few years. From 20,000 sq ft in 2003, India's green building footprint is now over 25 million sq ft. Xerox introduced a "high quality" recycled photocopier paper in an attempt to satisfy the demands of firms for less environmentally harmful products.

2) CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY- Many firms are beginning to realize that they are members of the wider community and therefore must behave in an environmentally responsible fashion. This translates into firms that believe they must achieve environmental objectives as well as profit related objectives. This results in environmental issues being integrated into the firm's corporate culture. There are examples of firms adopting both strategies. Organizations like the Body Shop heavily promote the fact that they are environmentally responsible. While this behaviour is a competitive advantage, the firm was established specifically to offer consumers environmentally responsible alternatives to conventional cosmetic products. This philosophy is directly tied to the overall corporate culture, rather than simply being a competitive tool. An example of a firm that does not promote its environmental initiatives is Coca-Cola. They have invested large sums of money in various recycling activities, as well as having modified their packaging to minimize its environmental impact. While being concerned about the environment, Coke has not used this concern as a marketing tool. Thus many consumers may not realize that Coke is a very environmentally committed organization. Another firm who is very environmentally responsible but does not promote this fact, at least outside the organization, is Walt Disney World (WDW). WDW has an extensive waste management program and infrastructure in place, yet these facilities are not highlighted in their general tourist promotional activities.

3) GOVERNMENT PRESSURE As with all marketing related activities, governments want to "protect" consumers and society; this protection has significant green marketing implications. Governmental regulations relating to environmental marketing are designed to protect consumers in several ways. They are: Reduce production of harmful goods or by-productsThe ban of plastic bags in Mumbai, prohibition of smoking in public areas, etc. Governments establish regulations designed to control the amount of hazardous wastes produced by firms. For example:

New Delhi, the India's capital was getting polluted gradually at a very fast pace till Supreme Court of India forced a change of fuel on it. In 2002, a directive was issued to completely adopt CNG in all public transport systems to curb pollution.

4) COMPETITIVE PRESSURE Another major force in the environmental marketing area has been firms' desire to maintain their competitive position. In many cases firms observe competitors promoting their environmental behaviours and attempt to emulate this behaviour. In some instances this competitive pressure has caused an entire industry to modify and thus reduce its detrimental environmental behaviour. For example, it could be argued that Xerox's "Revive 100% Recycled paper" was introduced a few years ago in an attempt to address the introduction of recycled photocopier paper by other manufacturers. In another example when one tuna manufacture stopped using driftnets the others followed suit. 5) COST OR PROFIT ISSUES Reduction of harmful waste may lead to substantial cost savings. Sometimes, many firms develop symbiotic relationship whereby the waste generated by one company is used by another as a cost-effective raw material. For example, the fly ash generated by thermal power plants, which would otherwise contributed to a gigantic quantum of solid waste, is used to manufacture fly ash bricks for construction purposes. GREEN MARKETING MIXGreen Marketing mix consists of following: Product MixPrice MixPlace Mix &Promotion Mix

1) PRODUCT MIX: Entrepreneurs wanting to exploit emerging green markets either: Identify customers environmental needs and develop products to address these needs or will develop environmentally responsible products to have less impact than competitors. The increasingly wide variety of products on the market that support sustainable developments are: Products made from recycled goods, such as Quick N Tuff housing materials made from recycled broccoli boxes. Products that can be recycled or reused. Efficient products, which save water, energy or gasoline, save money and reduce Environmental impact. Products with environmentally responsible packaging, McDonalds, for example, changed their packaging from polystyrene clamshells to paper. Products with green labels, as long as they offer substantiation.Certified products, which meet or exceed environmentally responsible criteria.Organic products-many customers are prepared to pay a premium for

Organic products, which offer promise of quality. Organic butchers, for example, promote the added qualities such as taste and tenderness. Whatever the product or service, it is vital to ensure that products meet or exceed the quality expectation of customers and is thoroughly tested. 2) PRICE MIX: Pricing is the critical element of the marketing mix. Most customers will only be prepared to pay a premium if there is a perception of additional product value. This value may be improved performance, function, design, visual appeal or taste. Environmental benefits will often be the deciding factor between products of equal value or quality. Environmentally responsible products, however are often less expensive when product life cycle coast are taken into consideration, for example fuel-efficient vehicles, water efficient printing and non-hazardous products. 3) PLACE MIX: The choice of where and when to make products available will have significant impact on the customers you attract. Very few customers go out of their way to buy green products merely for the sake of it. Marketers looking to successfully introduce new green products should position them broadly in the market place so they are not just appealing to a small green niche market. The location must also be consistent with the image you want to project and allow you to project your own image rather than being dominated or compromised by the image of venue. The location must differentiate you from the competitors. This can be achieved by in-store promotions and visually appealing displays or using recycled materials to emphasize the environmental and other benefits. 4) PROMOTION MIX: Promoting products and services to target markets include paid advertising, public relations, sales promotions, direct marketing and on-site promotions. Smart green marketers will be able to reinforce environmental credibility by using sustainable marketing and communication tools and practices. For example, many companies in the financial industry are providing electronic statements by email; e-marketing is rapidly replacing more traditional marketing methods and printed materials can be produced using recycled materials and efficient processes such as waterless printing.

MOVING TOWARDS GREEN MARKETINGThe era of green marketing has begun. It has already been granted wide acceptance by all stakeholders. However, there is a need to lay down the standards and practices, in order to bring in objectivity in the judgment of various national and international agencies. This will not only encourage the activities of green marketing but shall also provide the much needed level playing fields to all.

DEVELOPMENT OF ISO 14000 SERIES OF STANDARDS: ISO has been developed to help any company in any country to meet the goal of sustainable development and environmental friendliness. The ISO 14000 family of standards (i.e. ISO 14001, 14004, 14010, 14011 and 1412) were published as an official document in 1996. The ISO series aims to provide guidance for developing a comprehensive approach to environmental management and for standardizing some key environmental tools of analysis such as labeling and life cycle assessment. ECO-LABELING INITIATIVES: Eco label provide information regarding the environmental performance of products. The objective of eco-labeling is to provide authentication to genuine claims regarding the environmental impact of products and processes by manufacturers. In India the government has introduced the eco-mark scheme since 1981. The objectives of the scheme are: -To provide incentives to manufacturers and importers to reduce the adverse environmental impact of products. -To reward genuine initiatives by companies to reduce adverse impact of environmental impact of products. ECO-LABELLING SCHEMES IN INDIA: The Ministry of environment and forest of government of India has prescribed the following criteria for products: -That they cause substantially less pollution than comparable products in production, usage and disposal, -That they are recycled and/or recyclable whereas comparable products are not. -That they contribute to a reduction on adverse environmental health consequences. ECO-MARK IN INDIA: Under the concept, products which are less harmful to the environment or have benign impact on environment through the various stages of development-manufacture, packaging, distribution, use and disposal or recycling may be awarded the Eco-Mark. An earthen pot has been chosen as the logo for Eco-Mark scheme in India. The familiar earthen pot has renewable resource like earth, does not produce hazardous waste and consume little energy in making. As a symbol it puts across its environmental message. Its image has the ability to reach people and help to promote a greater awareness of the need to be kind to the environment. The logo Eco-Mark scheme signifies that the product which carries it does least damage to the environment. STAKEHOLDERS IN GREEN MARKETING: These are all the people or groups whose lives or environment are affected by the project, but who receive no direct benefit from it. These can include the teams families, people made redundant by the changes introduced, people who buy the product and the local community.

CONCLUSION

Conclusion: Green marketing should not neglect the economic aspect of marketing. Marketers need to understand the implications of green marketing. Green marketing to some extent strengthen companys image in the mind of respondents that is very much clear from trustworthiness of green claims and certainly it do have positive image of the organization in the minds of the respondents. It was observed that the respondents who were more proactive with the environmental behaviour have positive attitude towards green advertisements. It is evident that green marketing have positive impact on only those who are already practicing it. Rest of the respondents who were passive had very less impact on their buying behaviour. Green marketing covers more than a firm's marketing claims. While firms must bear much of the responsibility for environmental degradation, the responsibility should not be theirs alone. Ultimately green marketing requires that consumers want a cleaner environment and are willing to "pay" for it, possibly through higher priced goods, modified individual lifestyles, or even governmental intervention. Until this occurs it will be difficult for firms alone to lead the green marketing revolution. We need to come out through green myopia. Having said this, it must not be forgotten that the industrial buyer also has the ability to pressure suppliers to modify their activities. Thus an environmental committed organization may not only produce goods that have reduced their detrimental impact on the environment, they may also be able to pressure their suppliers to behave in a more environmentally responsible fashion. Final consumers and industrial buyers also have the ability to pressure organizations to integrate the environment into their corporate culture and thus ensure all organizations minimize the detrimental environmental impact of their activities.

Thus green marketing should look at minimizing environmental harm, not necessarily eliminating it. Green marketing covers more than a firm's marketing claims. While firms must bear much of the responsibility for environmental degradation, ultimately it is consumers who demand goods, and thus create environmental problems. One example of this is where McDonald's is often blamed for polluting the environment because much of their packaging finishes up as roadside waste. It must be remembered that it is the uncaring consumer who chooses to disposes of their waste in an inappropriate fashion. While firms can have a great impact on the natural environment, the responsibility should not be theirs alone. It appears that consumers are not overly committed to improving their environment and may be looking to lay too much responsibility on industry and government. Thus, we can say that there are sufficient opportunities for green marketing in gurgaon but it may also face lot of challenges as considerable percentage of population are not aware and also willing to know the affairs of green marketing initiatives. We need to educate them through proper campaigns. Green marketer must find an opportunity to enhance you product's performance and strengthen your customer's loyalty.15