final presentation of ib

8/6/2019 Final Presentation of Ib

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REPORT ON ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF CHINA

SUBMITTED BY GROUP # 5

YUSRA FATIMA (113P)

AQEEL AHMED (112P)

ARIF HAFEEZ (07P)

REHAN SIDDIQUI (71P)

S.IRFAN AHMED (92P)


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TABLE OF CONTENTS:

TITLE PAGE NO1. HISTORY 01

2. GEOGRAPHY

01-02

3. DEMOGRAPHY

03-09

4. GOVERNMENT

10

5. ECONOMY 11-25

6. OPPORTUNITIES FOR PAKISTAN 26-27

7. CONCLUSION 28

8. REFRENCES 29

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HISTORY:For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world

in the arts and sciences, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was

beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After

World War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic

socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls

over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978,

MAO's successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented

economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the

population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal

choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight. China since the early

1990s has increased its global outreach and participation in international

organizations.

GEOGRAPHY:

LOCATION: Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, YellowSea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam.

GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES: 35 00 N, 105 00 E MAP REFERENCES: Asia AREA: TOTAL: 9,596,961 sq km LAND:9,569,901 sq km WATER:27,060 sq km LAND BOUNDARIES: TOTAL: 22,117 km BORDER COUNTRIES:Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185

km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km,Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4,677 km,Nepal 1,236 km,

Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km,Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km REGIONAL BORDERS:Hong Kong 30 km, Macau 0.34 km COASTLINE: 14,500 km

TERRAIN:Mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas,

and hills in east

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http://www.indexmundi.com/vietnam/http://www.indexmundi.com/afghanistan/http://www.indexmundi.com/bhutan/http://www.indexmundi.com/burma/http://www.indexmundi.com/india/http://www.indexmundi.com/kazakhstan/http://www.indexmundi.com/kyrgyzstan/http://www.indexmundi.com/laos/http://www.indexmundi.com/mongolia/http://www.indexmundi.com/nepal/http://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/http://www.indexmundi.com/russia/http://www.indexmundi.com/russia/http://www.indexmundi.com/tajikistan/http://www.indexmundi.com/vietnam/http://www.indexmundi.com/hong_kong/http://www.indexmundi.com/hong_kong/http://www.indexmundi.com/macau/http://www.indexmundi.com/vietnam/http://www.indexmundi.com/afghanistan/http://www.indexmundi.com/bhutan/http://www.indexmundi.com/burma/http://www.indexmundi.com/india/http://www.indexmundi.com/kazakhstan/http://www.indexmundi.com/kyrgyzstan/http://www.indexmundi.com/laos/http://www.indexmundi.com/mongolia/http://www.indexmundi.com/nepal/http://www.indexmundi.com/pakistan/http://www.indexmundi.com/russia/http://www.indexmundi.com/russia/http://www.indexmundi.com/tajikistan/http://www.indexmundi.com/vietnam/http://www.indexmundi.com/hong_kong/http://www.indexmundi.com/macau/


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NATURAL RESOURCES:Coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury,

tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite,aluminum, lead, zinc, rare earth elements, uranium, hydropower potential

(world's largest)

LAND USE: ARABLE LAND:14.86%

PERMANENT CROPS:1.27%

OTHER:83.87%

IRRIGATED LAND:545,960 sq km

NATURAL HAZARDS:Frequent typhoons (about five per year along

southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes;

droughts; land subsidence

VOLCANISM: China contains some historically active volcanoes including

Changbaishan (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu, or P'aektu-san), Hainan

Dao, and Kunlun although most have been relatively inactive in recent

centuries

GEOGRAPHY - NOTE:world's fourth largest country (after Russia,

Canada, and US); Mount Everest on the border with Nepal is the world's

tallest peak

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DEMOGRAPHY:

POPULATION:1,330,141,295 (July 2010 est.)

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AGE STRUCTURE: 0-14 YEARS: 19.8% (male 140,877,745/female

124,290,090)

15-64 Years:72.1% (male 495,724,889/female 469,182,087)

65 Years and Over:8.1% (male 51,774,115/female 56,764,042) (2010 est.)

POPULATION GROWTH RATE:0.494% (2010 est.)

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BIRTH RATE:12.17 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)

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DEATH RATE: 6.89 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)

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NET MIGRATION RATE: -0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.

URBANIZATION: URBAN POPULATION: 43% of total population(2008)

RATE OF URBANIZATION: 2.7% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.) SEX RATIO: AT BIRTH: 1.14 male(s)/female UNDER 15 YEARS: 1.17 male(s)/female 15-64 YEARS:1.06 male(s)/female 65 YEARS AND OVER: 0.93 male(s)/female TOTAL POPULATION:1.06 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

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INFANT MORTALITY RATE: TOTAL: 16.51 deaths/1,000 live birth MALE:15.84 deaths/1,000 live births FEMALE:17.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

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NATIONALITY: NOUN: Chinese (singular and plural) ADJECTIVE:Chinese ETHNIC GROUPS: Han Chinese 91.5%, Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao,

Uighur, Tujia, Yi, Mongol, Tibetan, Buyi, Dong, Yao, Korean, and othernationalities 8.5% (2000 census)

RELIGIONS: Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2% NOTE:officially atheist (2002 est.) LANGUAGES: Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the

Beijing dialect) (official), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei(Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects,minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)

LITERACY: DEFINITION: age 15 and over can read and write

TOTAL POPULATION:91.6% MALE: 95.7% FEMALE:87.6% (2007)

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GOVERNMENT

COUNTRY NAME: CONVENTIONAL LONG FORM: People's Republic ofChina

CONVENTIONAL SHORT FORM:China

LOCAL LONG FORM:Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo LOCAL SHORT FORM:Zhongguo ABBREVIATION:PRC Government type: Communist state

Capital: name: Beijing

ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS: 23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5autonomous regions (zizhiqu, singular and plural), and 4 municipalities (shi,singular and plural)

PROVINCES:Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei,

Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning,Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; (see noteon Taiwan)

AUTONOMOUS REGIONS:Guangxi, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Xinjiang Uygur,Xizang (Tibet)MUNICIPALITIES: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Tianjin

LEGAL SYSTEM:based on civil law system; derived from Soviet andcontinental civil code legal principles; legislature retains power to interpretstatutes; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislation; party

organs exercise authority over judiciary; has not accepted compulsory ICJjurisdiction POLITICAL PARTIES AND LEADERS: Chinese Communist Party or CCP

[HU Jintao]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP FLAG DESCRIPTION: red with a large yellow

five-pointed star and four smaller yellowfive-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arctoward the middle of the flag) in the upperhoist-side corner; the color red representsrevolution, while the stars symbolize the four

social classes - the working class, thepeasantry, the urban petty bourgeoisie, andthe national bourgeoisie (capitalists) - unitedunder the Communist Party of China

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ECONOMY:

GDP - REAL GROWTH RATE: 9.1% (2009 est.)

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GDP - COMPOSITION BY SECTOR: AGRICULTURE: 10.3% INDUSTRY:46.3% SERVICES:43.4% (2009 est.)

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LABOR FORCE:813.5 million (2009 est.)

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UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 4.3% (September 2009 est.) 4.2% (December 2008 est.)

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POPULATION BELOW POVERTY LINE: 2.8%

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INFLATION RATE (CONSUMER PRICES): -0.7% (2009 est.)6% (2008 est.)

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CENTRAL BANK DISCOUNT RATE: 2.79% (31 December 2009)2.79% (31 December 2008)

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PUBLIC DEBT: 16.9% of GDP (2009 est.)15.6% of GDP (2008 est.)

INDUSTRIES: mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and othermetals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum;

cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys,and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, includingautomobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft;telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites

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INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE: 9.9% (2009 est.)

AGRICULTURE - PRODUCTS: rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea,millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed; pork; fish

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EXPORTS - COMMODITIES: electrical and other machinery, including dataprocessing equipment, apparel, textiles, iron and steel, optical and medicalequipment

EXPORTS: $1.204 trillion (2009 est.)$1.435 trillion (2008 est.)

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IMPORTS - COMMODITIES: electrical and other machinery, oil and mineralfuels, optical and medical equipment, metal ores, plastics, organic chemicals

IMPORTS: $954.3 billion (2009 est.)$1.074 trillion (2008 est.)

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RESERVES OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND GOLD: $2.426 trillion (31December 2009 est.)$1.953 trillion (31 December 2008 est.)

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EMPLOYMENT TO POPULATION RATIO:

MANWOMEN

BALANCE OF PAYMENT:

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IMPORT AND EXPORT CLASSIFICATION BY MAJOR COMMODITIES:

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CONTRIBUTION IN GDP BY VARIOUS ACTIVITY:

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OPPORTUNITIES:

CHINA AS A LEADING BUSINESS GROWING COUNTRY OF

THE WORLDChina is a diverse and quickly growing world marketplace. Most of the world'sleading corporations now have offices in China. Findingbusiness opportunities inthis booming country is a great way to capitalize on their growing economy. Usingthe Internet, you can find business opportunities in China from the comfort of yourhome.

Go to Alibaba.com. Alibaba.com is an enormous website based in China. Itspecializes in being a business-to-business marketplace. It has over 3,500

employees and members in over 200 countries. On their homepage, you canbrowse their site by categories to find the category that bests suites your interest.Alibaba.com was founded in 1999 and is now one of the largest websites of itskind.

DEPENDENCE OF PAKISTAN ON CHINA

China and Pakistan are close and friendly neighbors. Pakistan has treated China asits most important economic partners. Rapid economic development in China andconsequent inter-regional activity has caused increased demand for raw materials,exchange of parts, components, intermediate products and development of cross-country production networks/processes.

Such outward linkages are beneficial for resource rich Pakistan in the Chinesecontext. It will increase trade and spur investment through deepening of all-roundco-operation for mutual prosperity.

The economy of Pakistan is deeply linked to the Chinese economy. Pakistan highlyappreciates the assistance that China had provided for infrastructure

development/other projects. The development must be carefully synchronised andwe must share information to facilitate and assure the investors of the good returnsand results.

They need to very actively and forcefully promote and facilitate economic co-operation with high zeal and spirit. The measures undertaken include theaggressive economic diplomacy. Many companies have signed agreements and

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MOUs worth millions of dollars to cooperate and undertake joint ventures invarious sectors, such as infrastructure, mass transit, communication network,finances, chemical, fertilizer, automobile energy, and agro-based industries.

A few other agreements are likely to be signed during the upcoming visit of thePresident of Pakistan to China. Prospects of further consolidation of economicrelations are bright as the two sides have a lot of potential for further developmentsin a number of fields. Moreover, as active supporters of regional economicintegration, both countries can help establish an open and integrated regionalmarket also through regional economic fore

BILETRAL TRADE BETWEEN CHINA AND PAKISTAN

There is high demand for Chinese goods in Pakistani market. Their experience of

growth in trade is positive due to convenient trade flows and openness measures.Trade and investment policies are liberal since 80s' and generally WTO compliant.The pattern has merchandise bias but with high volume of manufactured items.

Trends of trade are very positive as volume of bilateral trade has increasedexponentially during the last seven years. Pakistan enjoys huge export potential toChina due to advantages in agriculture, mineral, chemical, textile and leather

products. Besides, Pakistan has comparative advantage in oil seeds, fruits, basemetals, plastic goods and perfumery etc. China has static advantage over Pakistanin machinery, transport equipments, chemical products, precious instruments, stoneand plastic articles, home appliances, pearls, precious/semi-precious stones etc.Man-made filaments, space crafts and aircrafts provide dynamic comparativeadvantage to China

AGREEMENTS OF TRADE AND INVESTMENT

On account of the familiarity and common understandings, developed over a longperiod of economic co-operation, China and Pakistan have signed many bilateralagreements, like Free Trade Agreement, Bilateral Investment Treaty, Double

Taxation Agreements, Customs related agreements/procedures, Pak-China JointInvestment Company, bilateral contracts, 5-Year Framework, MOUs in variousfields/ministries/divisions and other agreements.China and Pakistan have recently concluded an agreement on trade in Services.This involves a wider impact than the other trade and investment agreements. Thevolume is going to increase after the implementation of this agreement, particularlyin financial and technical services.

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS:

The aforementioned challenges are certainly impeding the speedy growth of

investment and trade as per the potential. They can effectively be turned into

opportunities through comprehensive medium and long-term collaborative joint

efforts.

The measures that may facilitate the achievement of desirable goals include timely

implementation of the agreements, creation of enabling environment, person-to-

person contacts to provide confidence and encourage the potential investors,

operationalization of Transit Trade Agreement, regular exchange of information to

enable the stakeholders to realize the ground realities, co-operation in businesslaws and procedures between the businessmen of the two countries and a dispute

resolution mechanism to avoid any trade disputes and misgivings, improvement of

security environment, engaging the Chinese private sector on long-term basis for

sustainable economic relations, revamping the processing technologies with mutual

co-operation in potential sectors like seafood and leather products, value addition

in cotton yarn and fabric, chrome and copper ores and other industrial minerals and

precious stones, relocation of industries through restructuring, improvement of

institutional frameworks for better communication and co-ordination between thegovernment agencies and representative trade and industry bodies, which is

essential for better understanding of business houses.

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REFERENCES:

1. http://www.indexmundi.com/china/

2. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-

factbook/geos/ch.htm

3. http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/statistic/statistic.html

4. http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2010_e/its10_world_trade_

dev_e.htm

5. http://english.ccpit.org/

6. http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110228_402705764.htm

7. http://english.gov.cn/about.htm
http://www.indexmundi.com/china/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmhttp://english.mofcom.gov.cn/statistic/statistic.htmlhttp://english.mofcom.gov.cn/statistic/statistic.htmlhttp://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2010_e/its10_world_trade_dev_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2010_e/its10_world_trade_dev_e.htmhttp://english.ccpit.org/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110228_402705764.htmhttp://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110228_402705764.htmhttp://english.gov.cn/about.htmhttp://www.indexmundi.com/china/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmhttp://english.mofcom.gov.cn/statistic/statistic.htmlhttp://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2010_e/its10_world_trade_dev_e.htmhttp://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2010_e/its10_world_trade_dev_e.htmhttp://english.ccpit.org/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110228_402705764.htmhttp://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110228_402705764.htmhttp://english.gov.cn/about.htm

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