final ppt mp_04.10.15_felipe_magofke
TRANSCRIPT
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MP Committee:
Rosemary Fernholz, Ph.D I Fernando Fernholz, Ph.D I Francis Lethem, Ph.D
Felipe Magofke
April 10, 2015
2
Master’s Project
Fostering Innovation in Chile: Challenges in “Start-Up” to “Build-Up” Entrepreneurship
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This is where CHILE needs to be
But are we going in the right direction?
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Master Project
RESEARCH FOR MASTER PROJECT: A GREAT JOURNEY!
CLIENT: CORFO (Vice. President Eduardo Bitran)
PROCESS MASTER PROJECT: More than 10 experts interviews 3 entrepreneurs surveys 3 workshops + 3 books More than 50 papers
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE: Working at the Ministry of
Economics and World Bank4
“The Production Development Corporation”, main agency of entrepreneurship and Innovation in Chile
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INNOVATION + ACTION = START-UP TO BUILD -UP“The pure new idea is not adequate by itself to lead to implementation..... It
must be taken up by a strong character (entrepreneur) and implemented through his influence.” (Joseph A. Schumpeter)
• Small enterprises are more likely to innovate and face higher risk
• Ideas or inventions need to be translated into start-up businesses that build-up to continue and grow
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Chile’s history of innovation highlights four main natural-resource based industries
OTHERCOPPER FISHERYFORESTRY
50%
#1 world producer
38% world’s reserves
Main export: raw copper
Started 1820
#2 world’s producer of salmon
40% world prod,
Start in 1973
10% 5% 35%
#10 world producer
75% subsidy
Exports start: 1974
Wine #5
Fruits
Other
CHILE IS KNOWN FOR INNOVATION IN SUCCESSFUL INDUSTRIES
Source: Pro Chile 2013 6
EXPORTS
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SAMPLE: FISHERY INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200
100000020000003000000400000050000006000000700000080000009000000
TOTAL FISHYears
Tons
1950’s to 1970’sDevelopment of the in-dustry[growth in export sales, marketing network, ‘brand’ and standards]
1990s to 2010Decline due to overfish-ingExports a share of total exports ($ ) below 6% in 2012
Source: V. Toledo 2013
1970’s to 1990’s Rapid expansionExports as share of total exports ($) reaching 11% in 1999
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(total Fish Landing Tons)
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POLICY CHALLENGE:
What policies could the Chilean Government design to ensure leadership in innovation and strengthen “start-up” to
“build-up” entrepreneurship?8
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1. Background: Chile and Corfo2. Ecosystem for entrepreneurs and innovation in Chile
i. Entrepreneurship Profileii. Ecosystemiii. Current Government Approaches
3. Chilean Challenges: Innovation and Entrepreneurship4. Analysis 5. Proposal for Start-Up to Build-Up 6. Implementation Strategy
Fostering Innovation in Chile: Challenges in Start-Up to Build-Up Entrepreneurship
OUTLINE
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1985-1997 1998-2009 2010-20120.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
1.5%1.0%
2.4%
1.9% 2.5%
2.6%
2.9%
0.2%
0.7%
TFPCapitalLabor
GD
P G
row
th
CHILEAN GROWTH AND INNOVATION (TFP)
Source: Ministry of Treasury, Central Bank of Chile10
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GOVERNMET APPROACH: BASIC RESEARCH
Source: Corfo 11
Main Government Agencies Main Government Programs
INCUBATORS
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CORFO APPROACH: FROM LARGE TO SMALL
2009 2012
9%20%
31%
50%
25%
26%35%
4%
Large: +$5 millionMedium: $1 – $5 millionSmall: $150,000 – $1 millionMicro: $1 – $150,000
Source: Corfo12
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0.00%20.00%40.00%60.00%80.00%
100.00%
98.69%
15.36%48.56% 37.45%
1.31%
84.64%51.44% 62.55%
SMB Large
Composition of Companies, sales, jobs, wages (2014)
20042005
20062007
20082009
20102011
20120.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,000
New Density New Firms
Year
New
Den
sity
Num
ber o
f com
pani
es p
er y
ear
Density and number of new companies (2004-2012)
2.1. ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROFILE: MANY NEW COMPANIES, LOW PERCENT AND SALES OF SMEs
Source: SII
Source: World Bank
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2.1. WHERE ARE THEIR BUSINESS?
RM (Cap-ital), 35%
Center South; 32%
South; 20%
North; 13%
70% concentrated in the Central (around the Capital) region
Source: Ministry of Economics14
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2.1 PROFILE OF THE CHILEAN ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR ENTERPRISES (>70,000 IN 2012): HALF ARE NOT REGISTERED
31%%
369%
%
34-55 age (48%)
1,730,000 Entrepreneurs 49% are FormalMostly family-owned or not incorporated (80%)
Indepen
dent W
ork
Natural
Person
Individual
Company o
r Lim
ited So
ciaty
Other 0
102030405060
28.4
53.7
14.53.4
%010203040 38.8
24.1
37.1
%
51% Informal;(no official registration)
60% say that cost/difficulty of registering is higher than benefits
Source: Ministry of Economics
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3. COMPANIES THAT FORMALLY REGISTER DO NOT ALWAYS START OPERATING
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
0.00%
0.50%
1.00%
1.50%
2.00%
2.50%
3.00%
New companies Companies starting operationsCompanies out of business Net creation
Num
ber o
f com
pani
es
Source: SII I Felipe Magofke
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3. LACK OF COLLABORATION AMONG COMPANIES
Companies Collaboration
No; 92.7
Yes; 7.3
Source: Ministry of Economics
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3. R & D INVESTMENT IN CHILE IS CURRENTLY LOW
Chile Israel United States
0.42
3.97
2.76
Low % GDP Invested in R&D (2010)
Source: Ministry of Economics 18
Ecosystem for entrepreneurs and innovation in Chile: expert opinion (survey feedback) shows weaknesses such as R&D, education and financial support
Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2013
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Yes, vigorously
Yes, but in the process of shutting it down.
Yes, but with troubles.
No
0 40 80120
160
145
11
75
84
Number of Companies
Are you still working primarily at this startup?
Why are you not working at your startup anymore?
I am keeping it on stand-by for now
I closed it
I merged it with another company
I retain ownership but someone else is in charge of it now
I sold my shares
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
23
25
7
10
8
Number of Companies
3. EXPERIENCE OF THE START-UP PROGRAM (2010-2013)
Source: Start-Up Chile 2013 I Felipe Magofke 191. Difficulties experienced (50% or above)2. Most leave Chile (75%)
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Fostering Innovation in Chile: Challenges in Start-Up to Build-Up Entrepreneurship
4. INNOVATION SYSTEM LACKS SUPPORT FOR LOCAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Small Deal Flow =
ideas with
potential to
growth
Ecosystem
Few Build-Up = Few companies start or move up from small to large. Lack of M&E
INCUBATO
RS
Source: Felipe Magofke
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SUPPORT SYSTEM
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Fostering Innovation in Chile: Challenges in Start-Up to Build-Up Entrepreneurship
4. LOW RESPONSE FROM ENTREPRENEURS
Valley of Death
Reve
nue
Break even
• 70% own pocket • 10% FFF• 10% Bank• 10% Public
grants
• Low transition from S to M – L
• Most Start-up leave the country
• Just 15% of the sales
• Not enough $ support
• Few IPO• Few M&A
51% Informal
0
20
40
60
28.4
53.7
14.53.4
%
Source: Felipe Magofke
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4. ENTREPRENEURS AND INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM IN CHILE: SWOT ANALYSIS
Solid, stable macroeconomic Good Governance
Financial Support (VC, R&D) Low Collaboration among
stakeholders (Academia, peers, etc.)
Low Education and Human Capital Measuring and tracking success Centralization
Become the Entrepreneurship and Innovation hub for LA
Foreign Networking through start-up Chile (exports)
Depreciation of local currency Latin American trap Others countries taking the lead Corruption among politician and
business (last couple of months) Natural disasters (Currently in the
North)
Inte
rnal
Orig
inEx
tern
al
Orig
in
Helpful Harmful
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4. LESSONS FROM ISRAEL AND US
Entrepreneurial culture and the mindset of people
Access to international financial markets and networks contribute to commercialization of research
A unique central government body for industrial R&D and innovation (Office of the Chief Scientist)
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
Ecosystems and cluster models (Silicon Valley, Boston, Triangle, etc)
Advanced Technology ProgramStrong linkage with
universities and research
Source: World Bank & Charles W. Wessner 23
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4. EXAMPLE FROM THE US: INCENTIVES APPROACH
Source: Charles W. Wessner 24
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GOAL SHORT TERM MEDIUM AND LONG TERMResearch & Development Expand R&D: e.g. Small Business
Innovation Research (SBIR) Increase the investment in R&D by 30%
each year until reach 2% of the GDP
Culture and Ecosystem Implement the week of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for each School in the country
Add to the requirement of “Becas Chile” to join teams of innovation or mentor entrepreneurs
Collaboration Create a committee in each macro zones to design cluster by region
Partnership with private sector and academia to launch 5 innovation labs
Measures and Evaluation Create an Ecosystem Map Promote accountability for each
program
Create a platform to evaluate impact, as well as, track projects’ performance (MIT)
Linkage with other agencies and SII
Incentives Launch a grant that promote association among SME, Academia and Large Companies
Implement the Innovation and Entrepreneurship award by region
Develop a new proposal law for Venture Capital
5. PROPOSAL: MOVING FROM START-UP TO BUILD-UP
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6. STRATEGY OF IMPLEMENTATION
Big Announcement for the National Entrepreneurship Day (April 29th)
Lab of Innovation
around Competitive
Adv.
VC incentives, tax,
subsidiaries
Set a coordinate
plan with the Innovation
Commission
Collaboration Universities,
Private Sector, etc.
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MASTER PROJECT: FROM START UP TO BUILD UP
THANK YOU…
QUESTIONS?
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MP Committee:
Rosemary Fernholz, Ph.D I Fernando Fernholz, Ph.D I Francis Lethem, Ph.D
Felipe Magofke
April 10, 2015
Master’s Project
Fostering Innovation in Chile: Challenges in “Start-Up” to “Build-Up” Entrepreneurship