final monitoring report for the 2010-2011 marine pest ... · document reports the results of the...

Final monitoring report for the 2010-2011 marine pest survey of the Port of Adelaide, South Australia

Kathryn Wiltshire and Marty Deveney

SARDI Publication No. F2011/000386-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 575

SARDI Aquatic Sciences PO Box 120 Henley Beach SA 5022

September 2011

Final monitoring report for the 2010-2011 marine pest survey of the Port of Adelaide, South Australia

Kathryn Wiltshire and Marty Deveney

SARDI Publication No. F2011/000386-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 575

September 2011

This Publication may be cited as: Wiltshire, K.H. and Deveney, M.R (2011). Final monitoring report for the 2010-2011 marine pest survey of the Port of Adelaide, South Australia. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2011/000386-1. SARDI Research Report Series No. 575. 34pp.

South Australian Research and Development Institute SARDI Aquatic Sciences 2 Hamra Avenue West Beach SA 5024 Telephone: (08) 8207 5400 Facsimile: (08) 8207 5406 http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au

DISCLAIMER

The authors warrant that they have taken all reasonable care in producing this report. The report has been through the SARDI Aquatic Sciences internal review process, and has been formally approved for release by the Chief, Aquatic Sciences. Although all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure quality, SARDI Aquatic Sciences does not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. SARDI Aquatic Sciences does not accept any liability for the contents of this report or for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed upon it.

© 2011 SARDI

This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owner. Neither may information be stored in any form whatsoever without such permission. Printed in Adelaide: September 2011 SARDI Publication No. F2011/000386-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 575 Author(s): Kathryn Wiltshire and Marty Deveney Reviewer(s): Dr. Simon Goldsworthy and Dr. Paul van Ruth Approved by: Dr. Jason Tanner Principal Scientist – Marine Environment & Ecology Signed: Date: 16 September 2011 Distribution: SAASC Library, University of Adelaide Library, Parliamentary Library,

State Library and National Library Circulation: Public Domain

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... iii

Executive summary ..................................................................................................... iv

1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1

2. Methods ................................................................................................................... 2

2.1. Personnel and stakeholders ................................................................................ 2

2.2. Survey design ..................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1. Modifications to survey design .................................................................. 5

2.2.2. Selecting sites to monitor ......................................................................... 7

2.2.3. Sample and specimen labelling .............................................................. 10

2.3. Sample collection .............................................................................................. 10

2.3.1. Crab and Fish traps ................................................................................ 10

2.3.2. Dredges .................................................................................................. 11

2.3.3. Beam trawls ........................................................................................... 14

2.3.4. Diver visual surveys................................................................................ 14

2.3.5. Cores ..................................................................................................... 16

2.3.6. Phytoplankton tows ................................................................................ 17

2.3.7. Zooplankton tows ................................................................................... 17

2.4. Laboratory processing and identification ........................................................... 21

2.4.1. Invertebrate specimens .......................................................................... 21

2.4.2. Macroalgal specimens ............................................................................ 21

2.4.3. Phytoplankton and sediment samples .................................................... 22

2.4.4. Zooplankton samples ............................................................................. 22

3. Results ................................................................................................................... 22

3.1. Target species detected and actions taken ....................................................... 22

3.1.1. Alexandrium catenella ............................................................................ 25

3.1.2. Alexandrium minutum ............................................................................. 25

3.1.3. Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea ...................................................... 26

3.1.4. Caulerpa taxifolia .................................................................................... 26

3.1.5. Codium fragile ssp. fragile ...................................................................... 26

3.1.6. Sabella spallanzanii ................................................................................ 27

3.1.7. Abundant unknown species .................................................................... 27

3.2. PCR results ....................................................................................................... 28

4. Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 28

References ................................................................................................................. 30

ii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Personnel involved in the Port of Adelaide survey and reporting.

*Primary contact person for questions regarding the final monitoring

report for Port Adelaide. ......................................................................... 3

Table 2. Funding providers and stakeholders for the Port of Adelaide

monitoring. ............................................................................................. 4

Table 3. Target species for monitoring in the Port of Adelaide survey. ................. 6

Table 4. Site codes and GPS coordinates (GDA94) for monitoring in the 2010-

11 Port Adelaide survey. Note, Channel markers have been

renumbered in Port Adelaide; site names based on channel markers

refer to previous numbering. .................................................................. 8

Table 5. Method ID codes for monitoring in the 2010-11 Port Adelaide survey. . 10

Table 6. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of trap samples. Fish and crab

traps were deployed simultaneously at all trap sampling sites. Date

refers to deployment date, traps were left overnight and collected the

following day. ....................................................................................... 12

Table 7. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of dredge samples. ................... 13

Table 8. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of beam trawl samples. Note,

no beam trawl sampling was conducted in Autumn .............................. 15

Table 9. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of diver visual surveys. ............. 15

Table 10. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of core samples. ....................... 17

Table 11. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of phytoplankton samples. ........ 18

Table 12. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of zooplankton samples. ........... 20

Table 13. Details of target species detections. ..................................................... 22

iii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Map of sampling sites within four sublocations in the Port of Adelaide,

South Australia. ........................................................................................ 9

Figure 2. Map of trap sampling locations. .............................................................. 11

Figure 3. Map of dredge sampling locations. ......................................................... 14

Figure 4. Map of beam trawl sampling locations. ................................................... 14

Figure 5. Map of diver visual survey locations. ...................................................... 16

Figure 6. Map of core sampling locations. ............................................................. 16

Figure 7. Map of phytoplankton sampling locations. .............................................. 18

Figure 8. Map of zooplankton sampling locations. ................................................. 18

Figure 9. Map showing Alexandrium minutum detection. ....................................... 25

Figure 10. Map showing Alexandrium catenella detections. ................................... 25

Figure 11. Map showing Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea detections. ............. 26

Figure 12. Map showing Caulerpa taxifolia detections........................................... 26

Figure 13. Map showing Codium fragile ssp. fragile detections.............................. 27

Figure 14. Map showing Sabella spallanzanii detections. ...................................... 27

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to thank Biosecurity SA for funding the 2010-11 survey of Port

Adelaide. SARDI Aquatic Sciences staff Jason Nichols, Alex Dobrovolskis, Ian

Moody and Leonardo Mantilla assisted with sample collection, laboratory sorting and

identification of invertebrates. Thanks to SARDI Molecular Diagnostics staff for PCR

analysis, Clinton Wilkinson of SASQAP for phytoplankton and sediment sample

processing and identification, and Fred Gurgel of the State Herbarium of SA for

macroalgal identification. Paul van Ruth and Simon Goldsworthy of SARDI Aquatic

Sciences and Michael Sierp of Biosecurity SA provided constructive comments on

the manuscript.

Wiltshire and Deveney (2010) Marine pest survey of Port Adelaide 2010-11

iv

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In Australia the National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest

Incursions (National System) requires regular surveys for priority marine pest species

(target species) in 18 National Monitoring Network locations including the Port of

Adelaide. The Port of Adelaide was surveyed in Spring 2010 and Autumn 2011,

following the Marine Pest Monitoring Manual and Marine Pest Monitoring Guidelines.

The Monitoring Design excel Template version 1c was used to calculate sample

numbers, giving a known likelihood of the survey to detect target species, with the

final survey design approved by the Monitoring Design Assessment Panel. This

document reports the results of the monitoring activity and is the Final Report for the

2010-11 pest survey of the Port of Adelaide for submission to the South Australian

Monitoring Coordination Point (Biosecurity SA) and the Department of Agriculture

Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF). During the survey, six targeted marine pests were

identified: Sabella spallanzanii, Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea, Caulerpa

taxifolia, Codium fragile ssp. fragile, Alexandrium catenella and Alexandrium minutum.

All of these species were already recorded from the Port of Adelaide and there were

no new targeted marine pest species identified in this survey, nor any abundant

unknowns that may represent potential pest incursions.


1

1. INTRODUCTION

Marine pests cause ecological and economic harm through loss of biodiversity,

reduction in revenue from aquaculture and fisheries, damage to infrastructure, loss of

amenity and, in some instances, human health impacts (Hayes and Sliwa 2003;

Molnar et al. 2008). In an environment of increased world trade, passenger

movement and the threat of climate change, nations face new challenges from pests

and diseases (Deveney and Scott 2008). Marine pest issues in Australia are

managed via the National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine

Pest Incursions (National System), which functions on the basis of an

intergovernmental agreement for a single approach to issues related to marine pests

in Australia (Commonwealth of Australia 2009). Part of the National System is an

ongoing commitment by States and Territories to regularly survey a minimum of 18

National Monitoring Network (NMN) locations around Australia. These surveys aim to

detect new incursions and range expansions of priority pest species (target species),

and to detect other introduced species that have invasive characteristics. Data

collected by monitoring will also be used to establish the risk status of ports to

manage commercial shipping under the Australian Ballast Water Information System

and to inform policy decisions on marine pest management (National System for the

Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions 2010b).

Consistent and cost effective marine pest monitoring is best facilitated through the

application of a standardised sampling strategy. Standard protocols for marine pest

surveys have been developed under the National System and are described in the

Marine Pest Monitoring Manual (the Manual) (National System for the Prevention and

Management of Marine Pest Incursions 2010b); this is complemented by the Marine

Pest Monitoring Guidelines (National System for the Prevention and Management of

Marine Pest Incursions 2010a), which outlines governance arrangements. Monitoring

in Australia is funded and coordinated by relevant State or Territory agencies

(National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions

2010a). South Australian surveys are coordinated by Biosecurity SA, a division of

Primary Industries and Resources SA (PIRSA). National coordination is provided by

the Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) Invasive Marine

Species Program.


2

A Monitoring Design Package (MDP), including several design templates and further

user guides, is used in conjunction with the Manual. The primary tool for survey

design included in the MDP is the Monitoring Design excel Template (MDeT). Based

on data relating to the port and intended sampling techniques, the MDeT gives a list

of species that should be monitored (from the list of target species, with exclusions

based on salinity and temperature tolerances), and suggests best seasons to

sample. For each species and sampling technique combination, the MDeT calculates

sample sizes needed to detect the target population density (as defined in the MDeT)

with known confidence, along with associated costs. Where sample sizes are

adjusted from those calculated, the MDeT provides a revised sensitivity of the survey

technique. Surveys designed using the MDeT and other tools need to be approved

by the Monitoring Design Assessment Panel (MDAP) before monitoring commences

(National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions

2010b).

The Port of Adelaide is one of the NMN locations, and was last surveyed in 2007-8

(Rowling 2009). This previous survey was conducted both to update baseline

knowledge of the pest status of the Port of Adelaide following a survey in 2001

(Cohen et al. 2002), and also as a trial of a draft version of the Manual. The current

survey of the Port of Adelaide, South Australia, was designed following the

procedures outlined in the Manual and using the MDeT version 1c. Sampling for this

survey was conducted over Spring 2010 and Autumn 2011. This Final Report for the

monitoring activity summarises findings of this survey and should be read in

conjunction with the Monitoring design report (MDR, Appendix I), Implementation

plan (Appendix II) and Post sample collection report (Appendix III), all of which were

previously submitted to DAFF as required under the survey protocols (National

System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions 2010b).

2. METHODS

2.1. Personnel and stakeholders

Details of all personnel and institutions involved with the 2010-11 survey and their

roles are given in Table 1. Stakeholder details are given in Table 2.


3

Table 1. Personnel involved in the Port of Adelaide survey and reporting. *Primary contact person for questions regarding the final monitoring report for Port Adelaide.

Name and Contact details Role(s)

Kathryn Wiltshire* BSc Hons (Mar. Sci.) Senior Research Officer (Mar Env & Ecol) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 5456 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]

Survey coordinator

Preparation of final report

Preparation of post-sample collection report

Sample collection, field and laboratory sorting and identification

Preparation of implementation plan

Survey design

Marty Deveney PhD Subprogram Leader (Marine Pests) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 5434 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]

Survey coordinator

Preparation of final report

Preparation of post-sample collection report

Preparation of implementation plan

Survey design

Keith Rowling† BSc Hons

Fisheries Manager PIRSA Fisheries & Aquaculture Ph (08) 8226 1745 Fax (08) 8226 0434 [email protected]

Survey design

Preparation of monitoring design report

Jason Nichols MSc Senior Operational Services Officer (Mar Env & Ecol) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 544 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]


Alex Dobrovolskis BSc Operational Services Officer (Mar Env & Ecol) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 5494 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]


Ian Moody BSc Research Officer (Mar Env & Ecol) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 5493 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]


Leonardo Mantilla BSc Hons Research Officer (Taxonomy) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 5425 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]


Verification of invertebrate identifications

Fred Gurgel PhD Marine Botanist State Herbarium of SA (SHSA) Ph (08) 8222 9291 Fax (08) 8222 9456 [email protected]

Identification and verification of macroalgal specimens

Lodgement of algal specimens


4

Name and Contact details Role(s)

Clinton Wilkinson Grad Dip Program Leader (South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program) Biosecurity SA Ph (08) 8683 2533 Fax (08) 8683 2560 [email protected]

Processing, identification and verification of microalgal cyst and phytoplankton samples

Nathan Bott PhD Research Scientist (Molecular Diagnostics) SARDI Aquatic Sciences Ph (08) 8207 5485 Fax (08) 8207 5481 [email protected]

PCR analysis of zooplankton samples

Thierry Laperousaz MSc Collections Manager (Marine Invertebrates) South Australian Museum Ph (08) 8207 7487 Fax (08) 8207 7222 [email protected]

Lodgement and verification of invertebrate specimens

† Formerly Senior Research Officer at SARDI Aquatic Sciences

Table 2. Funding providers and stakeholders for the Port of Adelaide monitoring.

Stakeholder Organisation Contact Details

Program owner (e.g. state government, port authority)

Biosecurity SA Michael Sierp Ph (08) 82262889 [email protected]

Funding provider Biosecurity SA As above

Commercial trading port

Flinders Ports Scott Marston Client Services (Marine Traffic) Ph (08) 84470623 [email protected]

Marinas City of Port Adelaide Enfield

Daniel Smith Customer Service Team Ph (08) 84056600

Royal SA Yacht Squadron Wayne Phillips General manager Ph (08) 8341 8600

Boat ramp City of Port Adelaide Enfield

As above

Navigation buoys Transport SA Scott Porter Policy and Services Ph (08) 82048830

Markers and other structures

Transport SA As above

Jetty Flinders Ports As above

Recreational users City of Port Adelaide Enfield

As above


5

2.2. Survey design

The 2010-11 Port Adelaide survey was designed using the MDeT v1c and originally

considered three sublocations: Outer Harbor, Inner Harbour and the Upper Port (see

Appendix I). Of 54 target species included in MDeT v1c, 17 were excluded based on

temperature and salinity tolerances (O'Loughlin et al. 2006) and the Port of Adelaide

survey therefore targeted 37 priority pest species (Table 3). Traps (targeting hard

and soft substrate), dredges (targeting soft substrate infauna), beam trawls (targeting

soft substrate epifauna), diver visual surveys (targeting hard substrate), snorkel

visual surveys (targeting the water column), cores (targeting dinoflagellate cysts in

soft sediment), phytoplankton tows and zooplankton tows (targeting the water column

for dinoflagellate cells and planktonic pests/larvae respectively) were chosen as

sampling techniques. Zooplankton samples were analysed by TaqMan® qPCR

assays. A sample size for each of these techniques was determined by MDeT, but

calculations for zooplankton sample numbers were not based on specificity and

sensitivity of the specific PCR assays used. Resulting sample numbers were

unfeasibly high for some techniques and were adjusted as described in the MDR

(Appendix I).

2.2.1. Modifications to survey design

Subsequent to the submission of the MDR, the design for the survey of Port Adelaide

was modified in consultation with DAFF and the MDAP. Modifications were made

based on a trial of a beta version of MDeT v2 and a recommendation from the MDAP

to include North Haven as a fourth sublocation for sampling.

The MDeT v2 beta includes an adjusted formula for the calculation of sample sizes

with the aim of better capturing temporal variation in the occurrence of pests, and no

longer considers the snorkel visual technique due to concerns about efficacy of this

method, instead including the option to use fish traps. Required sample numbers

calculated using MDeT v2 were an order of magnitude higher than those calculated

by v1c for several techniques, making the resulting survey unfeasible to conduct.

Sample numbers given by v1c were therefore retained. Snorkel visual surveys were

excluded and fish traps substituted using sample numbers from MDeT v2.


6

Table 3. Target species for monitoring in the Port of Adelaide survey.

Species Group

Crassostrea gigas Bivalve

Ensis directus Bivalve

Musculista senhousia Bivalve

Mya arenaria Bivalve

Mytilopsis sallei Bivalve

Perna perna Bivalve

Perna viridis Bivalve

Varicorbula gibba Bivalve

Crepidula fornicata Gastropod

Rapana venosa Gastropod

Hydroides dianthus Polychaete

Sabella spallanzanii Polychaete

Asterias amurensis Sea star

Didemnum spp. Colonial ascidian

Beroe ovata Comb jelly

Mnemiopsis leidyi Comb jelly

Acartia tonsa Copepod

Carcinus maenas Crab

Charybdis japonica Crab

Hemigrapsus sanguineus Crab

Hemigrapsus takanoi/penicillatus Crab

Rhithropanopeus harrisii Crab

Siganus luridus Fish

Siganus rivulatus Fish

Alexandrium catenella Dinoflagellate

Alexandrium minutum Dinoflagellate

Alexandrium monilatum Dinoflagellate

Alexandrium tamarense Dinoflagellate

Dinophysis norvegica Dinoflagellate

Gymnodinium catenatum Dinoflagellate

Pfiesteria piscicida Dinoflagellate

Undaria pinnatifida Brown alga

Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea Green alga

Caulerpa taxifolia Green alga

Codium fragile spp. fragile Green alga

Bonnemaisonia hamifera Red alga

Grateloupia turuturu Red alga

Womersleyella setacea Red alga

The survey of the Port of Adelaide was costed based on the original survey design

(Appendix I) and it was agreed with DAFF and the MDAP that sample numbers in the

Outer Harbor sublocation could be reduced in order to accommodate sampling in

North Haven. Sample numbers in North Haven were not calculated from the MDeT

due to time constraints; sample sizes for the Upper Port were used, based on these

locations being of similar size and proportion of benthic hard and soft substrates.


7

Some cost savings were anticipated based on the replacement of snorkel visual

surveys with fish traps, hence additional sampling in North Haven using traps, cores

and diver visual surveys was conducted without a reduction in sample numbers for

Outer Harbor for these techniques. Sample numbers in Outer Harbor were reduced

for phytoplankton, zooplankton, dredge and beam trawl sampling by the required

number of samples to be taken in North Haven.

The final survey design is summarised in the Implementation Plan (Appendix II) with

sampling techniques detailed in section 2.3.

2.2.2. Selecting sites to monitor

Sites to monitor should be evenly, not randomly, distributed throughout the survey

area, although consideration should be given to sampling sites with a higher

likelihood of detecting target species based on local knowledge and an

understanding of species traits (National System for the Prevention and Management

of Marine Pest Incursions 2010b). A map of the Port Adelaide area was overlaid with

a 200 m grid and a sufficient number of grid points selected as sampling sites for the

technique with the maximum number of samples required for each sub location

(Table 4). Some sites were shifted slightly from their grid positions to nearby

structures (e.g. wharves, channel markers). All sites were given a four letter code to

be used for sample and specimen labelling (see section 2.2.3 and Appendix II). Sites

were assigned GPS coordinates in ArcGIS (Table 4) to allow accurate relocation

during surveys, but were considered as areas surrounding these point locations in

order to incorporate a range of substrates (hard/soft) and suitable areas for water

column sampling. For techniques requiring fewer samples than the number of sites in

a sublocation, a subset of sites was selected. These were evenly spaced throughout

the sublocation as far as practical, but with bias towards sites with a greater

proportion of the habitat targeted by the particular technique, e.g. the location of dive

surveys was limited by the distribution of hard substrate, while dredge and beam

trawl sites were selected considering availability of suitable stretches of soft

sediment. The influence of shipping movements on site access also affected site

selection. For techniques repeated in both seasons, sites not sampled in the first

season were preferentially selected for monitoring in the second season, except

where suitable habitat was not present. Actual sample coordinates were recorded;

these are not necessarily spatially coincident with the nominal site location, or


8

between techniques for a given site, as different techniques targeted different

substrates (or the water column). In addition, tows, trawls, dredges and dive

transects were of varying lengths as detailed in section 2.3.

Table 4. Site codes and GPS coordinates (GDA94) for monitoring in the 2010-11 Port Adelaide survey. Note, Channel markers have been renumbered in Port Adelaide; site names based on channel markers refer to previous numbering.

Site Name Code Latitude Longitude

Outer Harbor sublocation

Outer Harbor entrance OHEN -34.7842 138.470

Southern revetment OHSR -34.7845 138.475

Northern revetment OHNR -34.7800 138.475

Outer Harbor Berth 1 OHB1 -34.7793 138.481

Swing Basin OHSB -34.7735 138.480


Royal SA Yacht Squadron OHYS -34.7733 138.489


Channel marker 8 OH08 -34.769 138.484








Snapper point OHSP -34.7642 138.511



Lipson Channel OHLC -34.7735 138.518

Quarantine Station Jetty OHQS -34.7772 138.519

Mutton Cove Channel OHMC -34.7802 138.515

Inner Harbour sublocation

Inner Harbour M berth IHMB -34.8257 138.507

Inner Harbour Berth 27 IH27 -34.8268 138.509

Inner Harbour K berth IHKB -34.8290 138.507

Inner Harbour no 3 dock IHD3 -34.8290 138.509

Inner Harbour Berth 20 IH20 -34.8315 138.509

Upper Port sublocation

Birkenhead bridge UPBB -34.8431 138.502

Maritime Berth UPMB -34.8421 138.500

Musgrave wharf UPMW -34.8432 138.496

Princes Wharf UPPW -34.8445 138.498

North Haven sublocation

Flinders marina NHFM -34.7867 138.4868

Cruising Yacht club marina NHYC -34.7914 138.4887

North Haven boat ramp NHBR -34.7950 138.4864

North Haven entrance NHEN -34.7956 138.4818


9

Figure 1. Map of sampling sites within four sublocations in the Port of Adelaide, South Australia.


10

2.2.3. Sample and specimen labelling

Samples from the Port of Adelaide survey were labelled following the standard format

outlined in the Manual (National System for the Prevention and Management of

Marine Pest Incursions 2010b). Sample ID codes consist of 13 digits, comprising a 7-

digit survey ID, 4-digit site ID and 2-digit method ID. The survey ID for the Port of

Adelaide is the NMN location code for Adelaide: ADL, followed by a four-digit

representation of month (MM) and year (YY) in the format YYMM. Site IDs are as

per Table 4 and method IDs are given in Table 5. Each voucher specimen retained

from a sample was given a unique specimen label consisting of the sample ID

followed by a 2-digit specimen number. Further detail on labelling is given in the

Implementation plan (Appendix II).

Table 5. Method ID codes for monitoring in the 2010-11 Port Adelaide survey.

Method ID Method

DV Diver Visual Survey ZT Zooplankton Tow PT Phytoplankton Tow TR Beam Trawl C_ Core T_ Trap D_ Dredge

2.3. Sample collection

2.3.1. Crab and Fish traps

Crab and fish traps were deployed simultaneously at all trap sites, leading to greater

sample numbers than required under the MDeT (v1c for crab traps and v2 for fish

traps) and than proposed by the MDR (Appendix I). A total of 33 traps were deployed

in Spring, 28 on or around hard substrate and 5 on soft substrate, and 5 traps in

Autumn all on or around hard substrate. Nineteen traps were deployed in Outer

Harbor in Spring (17 hard substrate, 2 soft) and 2 in Autumn, 4 were deployed in

Inner Harbour in Spring (3 hard and 1 soft) and 1 in Autumn, and both North Haven

and the Upper Port had 5 traps deployed in Spring (4 hard, 1 soft) and 1 in Autumn.

Trap locations are shown in Figure 2, with coordinates and deployment dates given

in Table 6. Each deployment consisted of a set of three traps: an opera-house style

for larger fish and crabs, a box style for smaller crabs and fish, and a tube style for


11

smaller fish. All traps were baited with sardines and left overnight. On retrieval, trap

contents were sorted on board the vessel, with potential target species retained.

Figure 2. Map of trap sampling locations.

2.3.2. Dredges

Soft substrates were dredged using a 1 m wide dredge equipped with 10 cm long

metal teeth for disturbing the top sediment layer, and a <5 mm mesh size. Each

dredge tow was ≥100 m, with 19 dredge samples collected in each season (Figure

3). Start and end coordinates and coordinates for any change in direction were

recorded using a Garmin GPS60. The final sample location is shown as the mean

centre of these coordinates as calculated in ArcGIS (Table 7). The entire cod end

contents were rinsed with seawater and examined on board the vessel, with potential

target species retained.


12

Table 6. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of trap samples. Fish and crab traps were deployed simultaneously at all trap sampling sites. Date refers to deployment date, traps were left overnight and collected the following day.

Sample ID Site Date Latitude Longitude Substrate

Spring

ADL1009OHQST_ OHQS 29 Sep 2010 -34.77692 138.51966 Hard

ADL1009OHMCT_ OHMC 29 Sep 2010 -34.77800 138.51541 Hard

ADL1009OH24T_ OH24 29 Sep 2010 -34.76877 138.51860 Hard

ADL1009OHSPT_ OHSP 29 Sep 2010 -34.76271 138.50885 Hard

ADL1009OHSPT_ OHSP 29 Sep 2010 -34.76271 138.50885 Soft





ADL1010UPPWT_ UPPW 12 Oct 2010 -34.84393 138.49815 Hard

ADL1010UPMWT_ UPMW 12 Oct 2010 -34.84322 138.49569 Hard

ADL1010UPMWT_ UPMW 12 Oct 2010 -34.84322 138.49569 Soft

ADL1010UPMBT_ UPMB 12 Oct 2010 -34.84169 138.50011 Hard

ADL1010UPBBT_ UPBB 12 Oct 2010 -34.84316 138.50168 Hard

ADL1010IH20T_ IH20 12 Oct 2010 -34.83133 138.50892 Hard

ADL1010IHD3T_ IHD3 12 Oct 2010 -34.82844 138.50944 Hard

ADL1010IHD3T_ IHD3 12 Oct 2010 -34.82844 138.50944 Soft

ADL1010IHMBT_ IHMB 12 Oct 2010 -34.82604 138.50690 Hard

ADL1010NHBRT_ NHBR 19 Oct 2010 -34.79489 138.48698 Hard

ADL1010NHYCT_ NHYC 19 Oct 2010 -34.79077 138.48821 Hard

ADL1010NHYCT_ NHYC 19 Oct 2010 -34.79077 138.48821 Soft

ADL1010NHFMT_ NHFM 19 Oct 2010 -34.78589 138.48712 Hard

ADL1010NHENT_ NHEN 19 Oct 2010 -34.79564 138.48234 Hard

ADL1010OHNRT_ OHNR 19 Oct 2010 -34.77998 138.47499 Hard

ADL1010OHB1T_ OHB1 19 Oct 2010 -34.77975 138.48066 Hard

ADL1010OHYST_ OHYS 20 Oct 2010 -34.77368 138.48889 Hard



ADL1010OH10T_ OH10 20 Oct 2010 -34.76493 138.48900 Hard

ADL1010OH10T_ OH10 20 Oct 2010 -34.76493 138.48900 Soft


ADL1010OHSBT_ OHSB 20 Oct 2010 -34.77339 138.47980 Hard

ADL1010OHENT_ OHEN 20 Oct 2010 -34.78404 138.47168 Hard

Autumn

ADL1104IHMBT_ IHMB 28 Apr 2011 -34.82570 138.50700 Hard

ADL1104NHYCT_ NHYC 28 Apr 2011 -34.79137 138.48873 Hard

ADL1104OHB6T_ OHB6 28 Apr 2011 -34.76640 138.49300 Hard

ADL1104UPMWT_ UPMW 28 Apr 2011 -34.84450 138.49800 Hard

ADL1104OH22T_ OH22 28 Apr 2011 -34.76460 138.51601 Hard


13

Table 7. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of dredge samples.

Sample ID Site Date Latitude Longitude

Spring

ADL1009IHD3D_ IHD3 16 Sep 2010 -34.82966 138.50926

ADL1009IHMBD_ IHMB 16 Sep 2010 -34.82623 138.50796

ADL1009UPMBD_ UPMB 16 Sep 2010 -34.84232 138.49945

ADL1009UPPWD_ UPPW 16 Sep 2010 -34.84409 138.49748

ADL1011OH08D_ OH08 9 Nov 2010 -34.76924 138.48341

ADL1011OH10D_ OH10 9 Nov 2010 -34.76485 138.48993

ADL1011OH15D_ OH15 9 Nov 2010 -34.76323 138.49745

ADL1011OH16D_ OH16 9 Nov 2010 -34.76038 138.50012

ADL1011OH20D_ OH20 9 Nov 2010 -34.76052 138.50843

ADL1011OH22D_ OH22 9 Nov 2010 -34.76410 138.51546

ADL1011OHLCD_ OHLC 9 Nov 2010 -34.77264 138.51833

ADL1011OHMCD_ OHMC 9 Nov 2010 -34.77944 138.51544

ADL1011NHBRD_ NHBR 10 Nov 2010 -34.79509 138.48605

ADL1011NHFMD_ NHFM 10 Nov 2010 -34.78708 138.48664

ADL1011OHB1D_ OHB1 10 Nov 2010 -34.77954 138.48044

ADL1011OHB4D_ OHB4 10 Nov 2010 -34.77407 138.48389

ADL1011OHEND_ OHEN 10 Nov 2010 -34.78433 138.46996

ADL1011OHNRD_ OHNR 10 Nov 2010 -34.78024 138.47490

ADL1011OHYSD_ OHYS 10 Nov 2010 -34.77365 138.48784

Autumn

ADL1104NHEND_ NHEN 28 Apr 2011 -34.79514 138.48155

ADL1104NHYCD_ NHYC 28 Apr 2011 -34.79097 138.48791

ADL1104OHEND_ OHEN 28 Apr 2011 -34.78419 138.47045

ADL1104OH24D_ OH24 29 Apr 2011 -34.76940 138.52004

ADL1104OHMCD_ OHMC 29 Apr 2011 -34.78057 138.51483

ADL1104OHSPD_ OHSP 29 Apr 2011 -34.76457 138.51185

ADL1105IH20D_ IH20 3 May 2011 -34.83139 138.50866

ADL1105IH27D_ IH27 3 May 2011 -34.82643 138.50928

ADL1105OH19D_ OH19 3 May 2011 -34.76216 138.50464

ADL1105OHQSD_ OHQS 3 May 2011 -34.77696 138.51935

ADL1105UPBBD_ UPBB 3 May 2011 -34.84305 138.50091

ADL1105UPMWD_ UPMW 3 May 2011 -34.84327 138.49633

ADL1105OH12D_ OH12 9 May 2011 -34.76290 138.49388

ADL1105OHB1D_ OHB1 9 May 2011 -34.77921 138.48080

ADL1105OHB6D_ OHB6 9 May 2011 -34.77054 138.48725

ADL1105OHB8D_ OHB8 9 May 2011 -34.76627 138.49318

ADL1105OHSBD_ OHSB 9 May 2011 -34.77427 138.47996

ADL1105OHSRD_ OHSR 9 May 2011 -34.78446 138.47475

ADL1105OHYSD_ OHYS 9 May 2011 -34.77350 138.48821


14

2.3.3. Beam trawls

Beam trawls were performed in areas of soft substrate using a beam trawl with a

1.5 m width and 5 mm mesh size. Trawls were ≥500 m long and were conducted at

14 sites in Spring (Figure 4). No beam trawl samples were required in the Autumn

sampling. Start and end coordinates and coordinates for any change in direction

were recorded using a Garmin GPS60. The final sample location is shown as the

mean centre of these coordinates as calculated in ArcGIS (Table 8). The entire cod

end contents were rinsed with seawater and examined on board the vessel, with

potential target species retained.

Figure 3. Map of dredge sampling locations.

Figure 4. Map of beam trawl sampling locations.

2.3.4. Diver visual surveys

Diver visual surveys were conducted in areas of hard substrate including wharves,

pontoons and revetments, and were ≥50 m long. Twelve diver visual surveys were

conducted in each season (Figure 5). Start and end coordinates and coordinates for

any change in direction were recorded using a Garmin GPS60. The final sample

location is shown as the mean centre of these coordinates as calculated in ArcGIS


15

(Table 9). Any suspected target species were collected where encountered.

Specimens were stored at SARDI Aquatic sciences prior to identification.

Table 8. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of beam trawl samples. Note, no beam trawl sampling was conducted in Autumn


Spring

ADL1009IHD3TR IHD3 16 Sep 2010 -34.82991 138.50869

ADL1009UPMBTR UPMB 16 Sep 2010 -34.84331 138.49860

ADL1011OH22TR OH22 2 Nov 2010 -34.76507 138.51611

ADL1011OHLCTR OHLC 2 Nov 2010 -34.77143 138.51822

ADL1011OHMCTR OHMC 2 Nov 2010 -34.77922 138.51497

ADL1012OH16TR OH16 3 Dec 2010 -34.76065 138.49896

ADL1012OH20TR OH20 3 Dec 2010 -34.76040 138.50655

ADL1012NHBRTR NHBR 13 Dec 2010 -34.79349 138.48547

ADL1012OHB1TR OHB1 13 Dec 2010 -34.77903 138.48082

ADL1012OHNRTR OHNR 13 Dec 2010 -34.78174 138.47324

ADL1012OH08TR OH08 14 Dec 2010 -34.76801 138.48479

ADL1012OH10TR OH10 14 Dec 2010 -34.76389 138.49071

ADL1012OH15TR OH15 14 Dec 2010 -34.76308 138.49964

ADL1012OH16TR OH16 14 Dec 2010 -34.76065 138.49896

ADL1012OHB4TR OHB4 14 Dec 2010 -34.77147 138.48566

Table 9. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of diver visual surveys.


Spring

ADL1011IHD3DV IHD3 24 Nov 2010 -34.82849 138.50952

ADL1011OHQSDV OHQS 24 Nov 2010 -34.77703 138.51960

ADL1011UPMBDV UPMB 24 Nov 2010 -34.84179 138.49928

ADL1011UPPWDV UPPW 24 Nov 2010 -34.84437 138.49813

ADL1011NHFMDV NHFM 25 Nov 2010 -34.78751 138.48672

ADL1011OHB1DV OHB1 25 Nov 2010 -34.77935 138.48091

ADL1011OHB6DV OHB6 25 Nov 2010 -34.77049 138.48781

ADL1011OHSRDV OHSR 25 Nov 2010 -34.78479 138.47502

ADL1011OHYSDV OHYS 25 Nov 2010 -34.77385 138.48878

ADL1012NHBRDV NHBR 9 Dec 2010 -34.79459 138.48613

ADL1012OHB8DV OHB8 9 Dec 2010 -34.76560 138.49488

ADL1012OHSPDV OHSP 9 Dec 2010 -34.76545 138.51387

Autumn

ADL1105NHENDV NHEN 16 May 2011 -34.79562 138.48199

ADL1105NHYCDV NHYC 16 May 2011 -34.79164 138.48882

ADL1105OHB1DV OHB1 16 May 2011 -34.77940 138.48096

ADL1105OHB4DV OHB4 16 May 2011 -34.77392 138.48465

ADL1105OHB6DV OHB6 16 May 2011 -34.77089 138.48732

ADL1105OHB8DV OHB8 16 May 2011 -34.76532 138.49568


16


ADL1105OHNRDV OHNR 16 May 2011 -34.77997 138.47457

ADL1105IHMBDV IHMB 17 May 2011 -34.82593 138.50700

ADL1105OHQSDV OHQS 17 May 2011 -34.77700 138.51962

ADL1105OHSPDV OHSP 17 May 2011 -34.76286 138.50907

ADL1105UPBBDV UPBB 17 May 2011 -34.84325 138.50166

ADL1105UPMWDV UPMW 17 May 2011 -34.84294 138.49570

2.3.5. Cores

Sediment cores for dinoflagellate cysts were collected using a 30 mm internal

diameter PVC core. Cores were collected on soft substrate adjacent to a subset of

diver visual survey sites, with 10 cores collected in each season (Figure 6, Table 10).

At each site a sediment sample was collected by divers; the core was pushed into

the sediment to a depth of ~10 cm, capped at both ends and then placed on ice.

Cores were refrigerated until live analysis by SASQAP.

Figure 5. Map of diver visual survey locations.

Figure 6. Map of core sampling locations.


17

Table 10. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of core samples.


Spring

ADL1011IHD3C_ IHD3 24 Nov 2010 -34.82846 138.50938

ADL1011OHQSC_ OHQS 24 Nov 2010 -34.77694 138.51965

ADL1011UPMBC_ UPMB 24 Nov 2010 -34.84183 138.49902

ADL1011OHB1C_ OHB1 25 Nov 2010 -34.77922 138.48096

ADL1011OHB6C_ OHB6 25 Nov 2010 -34.77063 138.48760

ADL1011OHSRC_ OHSR 25 Nov 2010 -34.78465 138.47525

ADL1011OHYSC_ OHYS 25 Nov 2010 -34.77366 138.48891

ADL1012NHBRC_ NHBR 9 Dec 2010 -34.79465 138.48618

ADL1012OHB8C_ OHB8 9 Dec 2010 -34.76543 138.49511

ADL1012OHSPC_ OHSP 9 Dec 2010 -34.76563 138.51345

Autumn

ADL1105NHYCC_ NHYC 16 May 2011 -34.79143 138.48871

ADL1105OHB1C_ OHB1 16 May 2011 -34.77916 138.48107

ADL1105OHB4C_ OHB4 16 May 2011 -34.77410 138.48447

ADL1105OHB6C_ OHB6 16 May 2011 -34.77107 138.48712

ADL1105OHB8C_ OHB8 16 May 2011 -34.76545 138.49543

ADL1105OHNRC_ OHNR 16 May 2011 -34.78019 138.47450

ADL1105IHMBC_ IHMB 17 May 2011 -34.82608 138.50694

ADL1105OHQSC_ OHQS 17 May 2011 -34.77715 138.51957

ADL1105OHSPC_ OHSP 17 May 2011 -34.76272 138.50884

ADL1105UPMWC_ UPMW 17 May 2011 -34.84268 138.49563

2.3.6. Phytoplankton tows

Horizontal phytoplankton tows were taken at 28 sites in Spring and 26 sites in

Autumn (Figure 7) using a 300 mm diameter, 1.25 m length, 20 µm mesh

phytoplankton net. Tows were ≥200 m long. Start and end coordinates and

coordinates for any change in direction were recorded using a Garmin GPS60. The

final sample location is shown as the mean centre of these coordinates as calculated

in ArcGIS (Table 11). The sample was washed down into the cod end and

concentrated in ~200ml of seawater. Samples were placed on ice and sent live to

SASQAP for identification.

2.3.7. Zooplankton tows

Horizontal zooplankton tows were taken at 29 sites in each season (Figure 8) using a

300 mm diameter, 1.6 m length, 150 µm mesh zooplankton net, and were ≥300 m

long. Start and end coordinates and coordinates for any change in direction were


18

recorded using a Garmin GPS60. The final sample location is shown as the mean

centre of these coordinates as calculated in ArcGIS (Table 12). The sample was

washed down into the cod end, concentrated in ~40ml of seawater and fixed using

RNA later. Samples were placed on ice for transport to SARDI Aquatic Sciences.

Figure 7. Map of phytoplankton sampling locations.

Figure 8. Map of zooplankton sampling locations.

Table 11. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of phytoplankton samples.


Spring

ADL1011IH20PT IH20 16 Nov 2010 -34.83161 138.50857

ADL1011IH27PT IH27 16 Nov 2010 -34.82709 138.50920

ADL1011IHKBPT IHKB 16 Nov 2010 -34.82919 138.50704

ADL1011IHMBPT IHMB 16 Nov 2010 -34.82559 138.50773

ADL1011UPMBPT UPMB 16 Nov 2010 -34.84216 138.49992

ADL1011UPPWPT UPPW 16 Nov 2010 -34.84496 138.49725

ADL1011OH12PT OH12 18 Nov 2010 -34.76287 138.49405

ADL1011OH16PT OH16 18 Nov 2010 -34.76032 138.49999

ADL1011OH19PT OH19 18 Nov 2010 -34.76189 138.50504

ADL1011OH20PT OH20 18 Nov 2010 -34.76071 138.50862

ADL1011OH22PT OH22 18 Nov 2010 -34.76456 138.51597


19


ADL1011OH24PT OH24 18 Nov 2010 -34.76883 138.51965

ADL1011OHLCPT OHLC 18 Nov 2010 -34.77345 138.51826

ADL1011OHMCPT OHMC 18 Nov 2010 -34.78019 138.51513

ADL1011OHQSPT OHQS 18 Nov 2010 -34.77694 138.51946

ADL1011OHSPPT OHSP 18 Nov 2010 -34.76333 138.51146

ADL1012NHBRPT NHBR 9 Dec 2010 -34.79439 138.48659

ADL1012NHFMPT NHFM 9 Dec 2010 -34.78702 138.48665

ADL1012OH10PT OH10 9 Dec 2010 -34.76491 138.48907

ADL1012OHB1PT OHB1 9 Dec 2010 -34.77949 138.48067

ADL1012OHB4PT OHB4 9 Dec 2010 -34.77343 138.48397

ADL1012OHB6PT OHB6 9 Dec 2010 -34.77082 138.48685

ADL1012OHB8PT OHB8 9 Dec 2010 -34.76650 138.49301

ADL1012OHENPT OHEN 9 Dec 2010 -34.78437 138.47013

ADL1012OHNRPT OHNR 9 Dec 2010 -34.78005 138.47474

ADL1012OHSBPT OHSB 9 Dec 2010 -34.77356 138.48006

ADL1012OHSRPT OHSR 9 Dec 2010 -34.78469 138.47534

ADL1012OHYSPT OHYS 9 Dec 2010 -34.77361 138.48863

Autumn

ADL1105NHYCPT NHYC 16 May 2011 -34.79143 138.48871

ADL1105OH08PT OH08 16 May 2011 -34.76914 138.48418

ADL1105OH10PT OH10 16 May 2011 -34.76534 138.48877

ADL1105OHB1PT OHB1 16 May 2011 -34.77916 138.48107

ADL1105OHB4PT OHB4 16 May 2011 -34.77374 138.48482

ADL1105OHB6PT OHB6 16 May 2011 -34.77070 138.48752

ADL1105OHB8PT OHB8 16 May 2011 -34.76494 138.49576

ADL1105OHENPT OHEN 16 May 2011 -34.78420 138.47000

ADL1105OHNRPT OHNR 16 May 2011 -34.78000 138.47471

ADL1105OHSBPT OHSB 16 May 2011 -34.77352 138.48022

ADL1105OHSRPT OHSR 16 May 2011 -34.78448 138.47514

ADL1105OHYSPT OHYS 16 May 2011 -34.77355 138.48864

ADL1105IH20PT IH20 17 May 2011 -34.83129 138.50877

ADL1105IHD3PT IHD3 17 May 2011 -34.82902 138.50909

ADL1105IHMBPT IHMB 17 May 2011 -34.82554 138.50732

ADL1105OH12PT OH12 17 May 2011 -34.76270 138.49394

ADL1105OH15PT OH15 17 May 2011 -34.76331 138.49793

ADL1105OH16PT OH16 17 May 2011 -34.76030 138.49992

ADL1105OH19PT OH19 17 May 2011 -34.76171 138.50533

ADL1105OH24PT OH24 17 May 2011 -34.76832 138.51963

ADL1105OHMCPT OHMC 17 May 2011 -34.78017 138.51507

ADL1105OHQSPT OHQS 17 May 2011 -34.77710 138.51909

ADL1105OHSPPT OHSP 17 May 2011 -34.76405 138.51114

ADL1105UPMWPT UPMW 17 May 2011 -34.84294 138.49616

ADL1105OH22PT OH22 19 May 2011 -34.76457 138.51585

ADL1105OHLCPT OHLC 19 May 2011 -34.77338 138.51806


20

Table 12. Dates and GPS coordinates (GDA94) of zooplankton samples.


Spring

ADL1011NHBRZT NHBR 11 Nov 2010 -34.79509 138.48654

ADL1011NHFMZT NHFM 11 Nov 2010 -34.78877 138.48661

ADL1011OH10ZT OH10 11 Nov 2010 -34.76503 138.48956

ADL1011OH12ZT OH12 11 Nov 2010 -34.76275 138.49560

ADL1011OH16ZT OH16 11 Nov 2010 -34.76000 138.50120

ADL1011OHB1ZT OHB1 11 Nov 2010 -34.77914 138.48084

ADL1011OHB4ZT OHB4 11 Nov 2010 -34.77431 138.48343

ADL1011OHB6ZT OHB6 11 Nov 2010 -34.77071 138.48685

ADL1011OHB8ZT OHB8 11 Nov 2010 -34.76599 138.49231

ADL1011OHENZT OHEN 11 Nov 2010 -34.78463 138.47040

ADL1011OHNRZT OHNR 11 Nov 2010 -34.78033 138.47553

ADL1011OHSBZT OHSB 11 Nov 2010 -34.77380 138.48130

ADL1011OHSRZT OHSR 11 Nov 2010 -34.78385 138.47525

ADL1011OHYSZT OHYS 11 Nov 2010 -34.77445 138.48804

ADL1011IH20ZT IH20 16 Nov 2010 -34.83127 138.50855

ADL1011IH27ZT IH27 16 Nov 2010 -34.82550 138.50976

ADL1011IHD3ZT IHD3 16 Nov 2010 -34.82946 138.50945

ADL1011IHKBZT IHKB 16 Nov 2010 -34.82913 138.50745

ADL1011IHMBZT IHMB 16 Nov 2010 -34.82476 138.50843

ADL1011UPMBZT UPMB 16 Nov 2010 -34.84236 138.50029

ADL1011UPPWZT UPPW 16 Nov 2010 -34.84438 138.49769

ADL1011OH19ZT OH19 18 Nov 2010 -34.76189 138.50510

ADL1011OH20ZT OH20 18 Nov 2010 -34.76055 138.50853

ADL1011OH22ZT OH22 18 Nov 2010 -34.76445 138.51617

ADL1011OH24ZT OH24 18 Nov 2010 -34.76864 138.51956

ADL1011OHLCZT OHLC 18 Nov 2010 -34.77344 138.51850

ADL1011OHMCZT OHMC 18 Nov 2010 -34.78030 138.51506

ADL1011OHQSZT OHQS 18 Nov 2010 -34.77702 138.51888

ADL1011OHSPZT OHSP 18 Nov 2010 -34.76364 138.51165

Autumn

ADL1105IH20ZT IH20 10 May 2011 -34.83174 138.50825

ADL1105IH27ZT IH27 10 May 2011 -34.82552 138.51038

ADL1105IHD3ZT IHD3 10 May 2011 -34.83000 138.51029

ADL1105IHKBZT IHKB 10 May 2011 -34.82971 138.50686

ADL1105IHMBZT IHMB 10 May 2011 -34.82461 138.50825

ADL1105OH19ZT OH19 10 May 2011 -34.76194 138.50503

ADL1105OH22ZT OH22 10 May 2011 -34.76476 138.51588

ADL1105OH24ZT OH24 10 May 2011 -34.76852 138.51927

ADL1105OHLCZT OHLC 10 May 2011 -34.77322 138.51888

ADL1105OHMCZT OHMC 10 May 2011 -34.78022 138.51461

ADL1105OHQSZT OHQS 10 May 2011 -34.77711 138.51904

ADL1105OHSPZT OHSP 10 May 2011 -34.76409 138.51131

ADL1105UPBBZT UPBB 10 May 2011 -34.84293 138.50029

ADL1105UPMWZT UPMW 10 May 2011 -34.84467 138.49660

ADL1105NHENZT NHEN 19 May 2011 -34.79477 138.48163


21


ADL1105NHYCZT NHYC 19 May 2011 -34.79206 138.48879

ADL1105OH08ZT OH08 19 May 2011 -34.76891 138.48370

ADL1105OH10ZT OH10 19 May 2011 -34.76504 138.48940

ADL1105OH12ZT OH12 19 May 2011 -34.76265 138.49376

ADL1105OH15ZT OH15 19 May 2011 -34.76336 138.49809

ADL1105OH16ZT OH16 19 May 2011 -34.76055 138.49960

ADL1105OHB1ZT OHB1 19 May 2011 -34.77918 138.48078

ADL1105OHB4ZT OHB4 19 May 2011 -34.77339 138.48458

ADL1105OHB6ZT OHB6 19 May 2011 -34.77005 138.48798

ADL1105OHB8ZT OHB8 19 May 2011 -34.76631 138.49311

ADL1105OHNRZT OHNR 19 May 2011 -34.78019 138.47502

ADL1105OHSBZT OHSB 19 May 2011 -34.77355 138.47998

ADL1105OHSRZT OHSR 19 May 2011 -34.78457 138.47497

ADL1105OHYSZT OHYS 19 May 2011 -34.77422 138.48823

2.4. Laboratory processing and identification

2.4.1. Invertebrate specimens

After collection by traps, dredges, beam trawls and diver visual surveys, invertebrate

specimens were fixed in 8% Bennetts solution in seawater and stored at SARDI

Aquatic Sciences. In the laboratory, samples were rinsed thoroughly in running

water, examined under a dissecting microscope and sorted into taxonomic groups.

Specimens that were excluded as target species or abundant unknowns (i.e.

potential new pests) were not identified further. Specimens of target species were

identified, stored in 70% ethanol, and retained at SARDI Aquatic Sciences for

lodgement in the South Australian Museum (SAM).

2.4.2. Macroalgal specimens

Macroalgal specimens collected by diver visual surveys, dredges and beam trawls

were frozen on advice from the State Herbarium of SA (SHSA). Specimens that were

excluded as target species or abundant unknowns (i.e. potential new pest species)

were not identified further. Specimens of target species and of Rhodophyta that could

not be ruled out as target species were sent to the SHSA for identification.


22

2.4.3. Phytoplankton and sediment samples

Phytoplankton and sediment samples were processed, and cells and cysts identified,

by Clinton Wilkinson of the South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program

(SASQAP).

2.4.4. Zooplankton samples

Zooplankton samples were filtered onto 2.5 µm filter paper using a vacuum filtration

manifold at SARDI Aquatic Sciences, placed into RNA later and stored frozen. DNA

extraction and PCR assays were performed by SARDI Molecular Diagnostics. Spring

samples were tested for the target species Asterias amurensis, Varicorbula gibba,

Musculista senhousia and Sabella spallanzanii; and non-target species Ciona

intestinalis and Perna canaliculus. Autumn samples were tested for the species listed

above and also the target species Carcinus maenas, Crassostrea gigas and Undaria

pinnatifida.

3. RESULTS

3.1. Target species detected and actions taken

Monitoring detected 6 target species all of which were previously known to occur in

the area (Table 13).

Table 13. Details of target species detections.

Specimen ID Site Date Method Latitude Longitude

Alexandrium catenella ADL1011IH20PT IH20 16-11-2010 Phytoplankton -34.83161 138.50857

ADL1011IH27PT IH27 16-11-2010 Phytoplankton -34.82709 138.50920

ADL1011IHKBPT IHKB 16-11-2010 Phytoplankton -34.82919 138.50704

ADL1011IHMBPT IHMB 16-11-2010 Phytoplankton -34.82559 138.50773

ADL1011UPMBPT UPMB 16-11-2010 Phytoplankton -34.84216 138.49992

ADL1011OHMCPT OHMC 18-11-2010 Phytoplankton -34.78019 138.51513

Alexandrium minutum ADL1105OHB6PT OHB6 16-5-2011 Phytoplankton -34.77070 138.48752

Caulerpa taxifolia ADL1009UPMBD_01 UPMB 16-9-2010 Dredge -34.84232 138.49945

ADL1105OHQSD_01 OHQS 3-5-2011 Dredge -34.77696 138.51935

ADL1105OHB6D_01 OHB6 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.77054 138.48725



23


Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea ADL1009IHD3D_01 IHD3 16-9-2010 Dredge -34.82966 138.50926

ADL1009IHD3TR01 IHD3 16-9-2010 Trawl -34.82991 138.50869

ADL1009IHMBD_01 IHMB 16-9-2010 Dredge -34.82623 138.50796

ADL1009UPMBD_02 UPMB 16-9-2010 Dredge -34.84232 138.49945

ADL1011OHB1DV01 OHB1 25-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.77935 138.48091


ADL1011OHSRDV01 OHSR 25-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.78479 138.47502

ADL1012OH16TR01 OH16 3-12-2010 Trawl -34.76065 138.49896

ADL1012OHSPDV01 OHSP 9-12-2010 Dive Visual -34.76545 138.51387

ADL1012OHB1TR01 OHB1 13-12-2010 Trawl -34.77903 138.48082

ADL1012OHB4TR01 OHB4 14-12-2010 Trawl -34.77147 138.48566

ADL1012OH10TR01 OH10 14-12-2010 Trawl -34.76389 138.49071

ADL1104OHEND_01 OHEN 28-4-2011 Dredge -34.78419 138.47045

ADL1104OHSPD_01 OHSP 29-4-2011 Dredge -34.76457 138.51185

ADL1104OH24D_01 OH24 29-4-2011 Dredge -34.76940 138.52004

ADL1105OHQSD_02 OHQS 3-5-2011 Dredge -34.77696 138.51935

ADL1105OH19D_01 OH19 3-5-2011 Dredge -34.76216 138.50464




ADL1105OHSBD_01 OHSB 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.77427 138.47996

ADL1105OHSRD_01 OHSR 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.78446 138.47475

ADL1105NHENDV01 NHEN 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.79562 138.48199






Codium fragile ssp. fragile ADL1012NHBRDV01 NHBR 9-12-2010 Dive Visual -34.79459 138.48613

Sabella spallanzanii

ADL1009IHD3D_02 IHD3 16-9-2010 Dredge -34.82966 138.50926

ADL1009IHMBD_02 IHMB 16-9-2010 Dredge -34.82623 138.50796


ADL1011NHFMZT NHFM 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.78877 138.48661

ADL1011OHENZT OHEN 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.78463 138.47040

ADL1011OHSBZT OHSB 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.77380 138.48130

ADL1011OHB1ZT OHB1 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.77914 138.48084


ADL1011OH10ZT OH10 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.76503 138.48956


ADL1011OHYSZT OHYS 11-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.77445 138.48804

ADL1011IH20ZT IH20 16-11-2010 Zooplankton -34.83127 138.50855


ADL1011UPPWDV01 UPPW 24-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.84437 138.49813

ADL1011UPMBDV01 UPMB 24-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.84179 138.49928

ADL1011IHD3DV01 IHD3 24-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.82849 138.50952


24


Sabella spallanzanii continued

ADL1011OHQSDV01 OHQS 24-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.77703 138.51960

ADL1011NHFMDV01 NHFM 25-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.78751 138.48672



ADL1011OHYSDV01 OHYS 25-11-2010 Dive Visual -34.77385 138.48878

ADL1012NHBRDV02 NHBR 9-12-2010 Dive Visual -34.79459 138.48613



ADL1012OHNRTR01 OHNR 13-12-2010 Trawl -34.78174 138.47324

ADL1012OH16TR02 OH16 14-12-2010 Trawl -34.76065 138.49896

ADL1104OHEND_02 OHEN 28-4-2011 Dredge -34.78419 138.47045

ADL1105IH27D_01 IH27 3-5-2011 Dredge -34.82643 138.50928

ADL1105OH12D_01 OH12 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.76290 138.49388

ADL1105OHSRD_02 OHSR 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.78446 138.47475

ADL1105OHYSD_01 OHYS 9-5-2011 Dredge -34.77350 138.48821



ADL1105IHD3ZT IHD3 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.83000 138.51029

ADL1105IHKBZT IHKB 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.82971 138.50686

ADL1105IHMBZT IHMB 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.82461 138.50825




ADL1105OHLCZT OHLC 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.77322 138.51888

ADL1105OHMCZT OHMC 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.78022 138.51461

ADL1105OHQSZT OHQS 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.77711 138.51904

ADL1105UPBBZT UPBB 10-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.84293 138.50029

ADL1105NHENDV02 NHEN 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.79562 138.48199

ADL1105NHYCDV01 NHYC 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.79164 138.48882





ADL1105OHNRDV01 OHNR 16-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.77997 138.47457

ADL1105IHMBDV01 IHMB 17-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.82593 138.50700

ADL1105OHQSDV01 OHQS 17-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.77700 138.51962


ADL1105UPBBDV01 UPBB 17-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.84325 138.50166

ADL1105UPMWDV01 UPMW 17-5-2011 Dive Visual -34.84294 138.49570

ADL1105NHENZT NHEN 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.79477 138.48163

ADL1105NHYCZT NHYC 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.79206 138.48879








25


Sabella spallanzanii continued


ADL1105OHNRZT OHNR 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.78019 138.47502

ADL1105OHSBZT OHSB 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.77355 138.47998

ADL1105OHSRZT OHSR 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.78457 138.47497

ADL1105OHYSZT OHYS 19-5-2011 Zooplankton -34.77422 138.48823

3.1.1. Alexandrium catenella

Thecal plates of Alexandrium catenella, were found in 6 phytoplankton samples

collected during Spring (Figure 9, Table 13). This species was first recorded in Port

Adelaide in 1997 (Wiltshire et al. 2010), therefore, no further action was taken.

3.1.2. Alexandrium minutum

A single cell of Alexandrium minutum was found in the Autumn phytoplankton sample

from OHB6 (Figure 10, Table 13). This species was first recorded in Port Adelaide in

1986 (Wiltshire et al. 2010), therefore, no further action was taken.

Figure 9. Map showing Alexandrium minutum detection.

Figure 10. Map showing Alexandrium catenella detections.

26

3.1.3. Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea

Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea was found at a total of 17 sites by diver visual

surveys, dredges and/or beam trawls (Figure 11, Table 13). This species was first

recorded in Port Adelaide in 2002 and is now established in the Port River and Outer

Harbor (Wiltshire et al. 2010), therefore, no further action was taken.

3.1.4. Caulerpa taxifolia

Caulerpa taxifolia was found at 4 sites in dredge samples (Figure 12, Table 13). This

species was first recorded in the Upper Port in 2002 and has formed dense beds in

parts of the Port River (Wiltshire 2010; Wiltshire et al. 2010) and is subject to a

management plan, therefore no further action was taken.

Figure 11. Map showing Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea detections.

Figure 12. Map showing Caulerpa taxifolia detections.

3.1.5. Codium fragile ssp. fragile

Codium fragile ssp. fragile (formerly Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides) was found

by the Spring diver visual survey at NHBR (Figure 13, Table 13). A second


27

specimen, collected by the Autumn diver visual survey at NHEN and originally

suspected to be a Codium sp. (see Appendix III), was identified as a native alga with

appearance resembling Codium spp, Caulerpa vesiculifera. Codium fragile ssp.

fragile was first recorded in Port Adelaide in 2002 and was also found in North Haven

in 2007-8 (Rowling 2009; Wiltshire et al. 2010), therefore no further action was taken.

3.1.6. Sabella spallanzanii

Sabella spallanzanii was detected at all 35 sites surveyed by a range of techniques

(Figure 14, Table 13). This species is established throughout Port Adelaide, having

first been recorded in 1986 (Wiltshire et al. 2010), therefore no further action was

taken.

Figure 13. Map showing Codium fragile ssp. fragile detections.

Figure 14. Map showing Sabella spallanzanii detections.

3.1.7. Abundant unknown species

No abundant unknown species that may represent potential new pest incursions

were found. Large populations of the introduced solitary ascidians Ciona intestinalis


28

and Styela plicata are present in the area, particularly in the Upper Port, Royal SA

Yacht Squadron marina at Outer Harbor, and North Haven. Ciona intestinalis was

first recorded in the area in 1952 and Styela plicata in 1998; Styela is likely to have

occurred earlier in Port Adelaide because it was established along the SA coast prior

to 1952 (Kott 1952; Wiltshire et al. 2010).

3.2. PCR results

PCR assays performed on zooplankton samples detected the target species Sabella

spallanzanii (see section 3.3.6) and the non-target species Ciona intestinalis. No

other pests were detected. The relative quantity of Sabella spallanzanii DNA

detected was greater in Autumn than in Spring samples.

4. CONCLUSIONS

The 2010-11 survey of the Port of Adelaide detected 6 target pest species, which

were all recorded previously in the area. Although the survey did not seek to quantify

abundance, it is clear that Sabella spallanzanii is the most widespread and abundant

target pest in Port Adelaide. Sabella spallanzanii was detected by PCR assays of

zooplankton samples, with a higher rate of detection and relatively greater amounts

of DNA in Autumn than in Spring. This supports observations that Sabella

spallanzanii spawns in Autumn-Winter (Currie et al. 2000). Detections in plankton

samples should be interpreted with regard to the fact that Sabella spallanzanii has a

larval period lasting up to two weeks (Currie et al. 2000); larvae may therefore be

widely dispersed from adult populations, with concentrations determined largely by

local water movement patterns. This technique is shown to be useful in giving further

evidence for the presence of Sabella spallanzanii in the area, but the detection of

larvae at a specific site does not necessarily indicate an adult population is present in

the immediate vicinity. Conversely, larvae may not always be present in samples

taken near adults.

Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea was also common in the Port of Adelaide. Some

specimens of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea and all of Caulerpa taxifolia were

collected in dredge or beam trawl samples and may therefore have been drift algae.

SARDI surveys of Caulerpa taxifolia distribution show that the established population

in the Port River is located south of the Quarantine Station jetty (Wiltshire 2010), and


29

that records of this species around Outer Harbor have been drift algae (Wiltshire et

al. 2010); Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea was however observed attached to

structures in Outer Harbor.

Codium fragile ssp. fragile was detected only at the North Haven boat ramp (site

NHBR), where it was detected in 2007-8 (Rowling 2009). It is also recorded from

West Lakes where it was common in 2002 (Wiltshire et al. 2010), and has been

observed during surveys for Caulerpa taxifolia at Outer Harbor and Bolivar (SARDI

unpublished data 2010; specimens identified by SHSA), but not in high densities.

Only a single cell of Alexandrium minutum and thecal plates of Alexandrium catenella

were detected; both species bloom in the region, particularly in Winter, and regularly

bloom in West Lakes (Wiltshire et al. 2010; Wilkinson 2011a, b) , which may be the

source of the cell and thecal plates sampled. No dinoflagellate cysts were found in

this survey. The 2007-8 survey detected low numbers of Gymnodinium catenatum

cysts at several sites (Rowling 2009), two of which were resurveyed in the current

monitoring, although it is unlikely that cores were taken at exactly the same locations.

Sediments collected during the survey were predominantly sandy, although with a

thin surface layer of black anoxic mud; this was also the case in the previous survey.

Sand is not ideal for cyst retention, which may explain the lack of cysts found in these

samples (Wilkinson 2007, 2011a, b), although dinoflagellate cysts have been

collected from parts of the Port River previously (Leterme et al. 2007; Wiltshire et al.

2010). The presence of surface mud through the Port River area makes visual

identification of silty sediments, which are better for cyst retention, difficult.

A range of fish and crab species were caught by traps; all were identified as common

native species (in the case of crabs) or as non target families (fish). The most

common crab species caught was the blue swimmer Portunus armatus (formerly

Portunus pelagicus), while fish were predominantly Gobidae.

Two previously recorded target pests, Carcinus maenas and Musculista senhousia

were not detected by this survey. These species were also not found by the 2007-8

survey (Rowling 2009) and have not been recently recorded in the area. Musculista

senhousia was found at high abundances in 2001 (Cohen et al. 2002), but has not

been subsequently recorded, despite searches targeting areas where it occurred.

Carcinus maenas was moderately common in the Adelaide metropolitan area in the


30

mid- to late- 1990s, but subsequently declined in abundance with none found in the

Port Adelaide area since 2004 except a single individual sighted in West Lakes in

2009 (Wiltshire et al. 2010). If present, it is likely that these pests now occur at very

low population densities.

REFERENCES

Cohen BF, Heislers S, Parry GD, Asplin MD, Werner GF, Restall JE (2002) Exotic Marine Pests in the Outer Harbour of the Port of Adelaide, South Australia. Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, 40, Queenscliff.

Commonwealth of Australia (2009) Marine Pests - How the National System works Accessed: 4 May 2009. URL: http://www.marinepests.gov.au/national_system/how-it-works

Currie DR, McArthur MA, Cohen BF (2000) Reproduction and distribution of the invasive European fanworm Sabella spallanzanii (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Marine Biology 136, 645-656.

Deveney MR, Scott KJ (2008) Simulated aquatic animal disease outbreaks: a tool for improving responses to emergencies. OIE Scientific and Technical Review 27, 147-159.

Hayes KR, Sliwa C (2003) Identifying potential marine pests - a deductive approach applied to Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46, 91-98.

Kott P (1952) The ascidians of Australia. I. Stolidobranchiata Lahille and Phlebobranchiata Lahille. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 3, 206-333.

Leterme SC, Mitchell JG, Seuront L (2007) Study of dinoflagellate cysts survival and germination in ballast water. School of Biology, Flinders University, Adelaide.

Molnar JL, Gamboa RL, Revenga C, Spalding MD (2008) Assessing the Global Threat of Invasive Species to Marine Biodiversity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6, 485-492.

National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions (2010a) Australian marine pest monitoring guidelines version 2.0. (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry: Canberra)

National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions (2010b) Australian marine pest monitoring manual version 2.0. (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry: Canberra)

O'Loughlin E, McCloud C, Sierp M, Westphalen G (2006) Temperature and salinity tolerances of priority marine pests. Developed for PIRSA Marine Biosecurity. South Australian Research and Development Institute, SARDI Aquatic Sciences publication number RD06/0751, Adelaide.


31

Rowling K (2009) Monitoring exotic pests in the Port of Adelaide, South Australia. South Australian Research and Development Institute, Publication No. F2009/000207-1. Research Report Series No. 349, Adelaide.

Wilkinson C (2007) Dinoflagellate cyst survey for the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI). South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program, Port Lincoln.

Wilkinson C (2011a) Dinoflagellate cyst and phytoplankton survey for the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) January 2011. South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program, Port Lincoln.

Wilkinson C (2011b) Dinoflagellate cyst and phytoplankton survey for the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) July 2011. South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program, Port Lincoln.

Wiltshire KH (2010) Caulerpa taxifolia - 2010 survey of current distribution and high risk areas, and summary of distribution patterns 2003-2010. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), SARDI Publication No. F2010/000612-1. SARDI Research Report Seres No. 474, Adelaide.

Wiltshire KH, Rowling KP, Deveney MR (2010) Introduced marine species in South Australia: a review of records and distribution mapping. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), SARDI Publication No. F2010/000305-1. SARDI Research Report Seres No. 468, Adelaide.

1

Monitoring Design Report

Port of Adelaide 2010

Keith Rowling SARDI Aquatic Sciences

04-02-2010

VAINIA20

Typewritten Text

APPENDIX I. MONITORING DESIGN REPORT

Table of Contents

ii

Table of Contents Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... ii List of Figures, Tables and Maps ............................................................................... ii

Primary Survey Design Contact Person ..................................................................... 1

1.1 Determining Objectives ............................................................................... 1 1.2 Stakeholder Engagement & Governance ................................................... 2 2.1 Collating Existing Data ................................................................................ 3

2.1.1 Local Knowledge & Skills Audit ................................................................... 3

2.1.2 Previous Marine Pest Monitoring Data .......................................................... 3

2.1.3 Oceanographic Data ....................................................................................... 4

2.1.4 Habitat Delineation ........................................................................................ 7

2.1.5 Monitoring Area Map(s) ................................................................................ 7

2.1.6 Local Constraining Factors on Monitoring Success .................................... 10

2.2 Choosing Target Species ............................................................................ 12 2.3 Determining Number of Samples ............................................................. 15

2.3.1 Modification of Sample Sizes ........................................................................... 1

2.3.1 Selecting Sites to Monitor within a Location ................................................ 2

2.3 Other ............................................................................................................. 5 2.4 References ..................................................................................................... 5

List of Figures, Tables and Maps Figure 1 Sea temperature (oC) for a) Outer Harbor b) Inner Harbour c) Upper Port,

over the period 1999 – 2005 (source: SA EPA) ................................................ 5 Figure 2 Salinity (PSU) for a) Outer Harbor b) Inner Harbour c) upper Port, over the

period 1999 – 2005 (source: SA EPA) .............................................................. 6

Table 1 Monitoring design contact details ..................................................................... 2 Table 2 Description of governance arrangements ......................................................... 2 Table 3 Previously recorded introductions .................................................................... 4 Table 4 Habitat Types .................................................................................................... 7 Table 6 Hazard analysis at monitoring location .......................................................... 10 Table 7 Summary of observational methods used to sample each species. Two ticks

indicate that the species will be sampled twice using this method. ................ 15 Table 8 Summary of the sample size required for each observational method in each

habitat group ..................................................................................................... 1 Table 9 Location of sampling sites ................................................................................ 3

Map 1 Monitoring area .................................................................................................. 8 Map 2 Map of area with spatial grid and monitoring sites indicated ............................. 2

1

Primary Survey Design Contact Person

Name: Keith Rowling

Organisation: SARDI Aquatic Sciences

Phone: 08 82075494

Email: [email protected]

1.1 Determining Objectives Marine pest issues in Australia are to be managed via “The National System for the Prevention and Management of Marine Pest Incursions” (the National System), which will require a regular and ongoing commitment to monitoring pests at ports and harbours. Consistent and cost effective marine pest monitoring is best facilitated through the application of a standardised sampling strategy. The “Marine Pest Monitoring Manual: Version 2” outlines the procedures required for a marine pest survey and will be used to design and implement a pest survey of the Port of Adelaide along with the Monitoring Design Excel Template V1c (MDET) attached to this report.

Areas within the Port of Adelaide to be monitored include:

Outer Harbor

Inner Harbour

Upper Port River

Primary Monitoring Objectives The overall objective of this port survey is to detect new incursions of

established target species in the Port of Adelaide that are already established at other locations within Australia or are known to be pests elsewhere in the world

Secondary Monitoring Objectives

To detect species within the Port of Adelaide that appear to have clear impacts or invasive characteristics; and to experiment techniques for plankton sampling to optimise DNA extraction of target species within the Port of Adelaide

Stakeholder Engagement & Governance

2

Table 1 Monitoring design contact details

Role Organisation Contact Person

Phone Email

Program owner (e.g. state government, port authority)

PIRSA Marine Biosecurity

Michael Sierp

08 82262889

[email protected]

Funding provider(s)

PIRSA Marine Biosecurity

Michael Sierp

08 82262889

[email protected]

Monitoring program designer(s)

SARDI Aquatic Sciences

Keith Rowling

08 82075494

[email protected]

Collection of existing data


Keith Rowling

08 82075494

[email protected]

Implementation of monitoring program


Keith Rowling/ Kathryn Wiltshire

08 82075494 08 82075456

[email protected] [email protected]

1.2 Stakeholder Engagement & Governance Although no outside stakeholder has provided funding for this survey, there is still the question of jurisdictional responsibility within the monitoring locations. The relevant stakeholders include Flinders Ports Pty Ltd, Transport SA and the City of Port Adelaide Enfield. A summary table is attached (Table 2) which lists the details of the nodes/facility and the contact details for each of the responsible groups. Any permits/permissions will be attached as appendices to this report. Table 2 Description of governance arrangements

Stakeholders Responsible Group

Consultation Conducted

Evidence of

approval

Contact Details

Commercial trading port

Flinders Ports

Phone Email Email Scott Marston Client Services Marine Traffic 08 84470623 [email protected]

Marina City of Port Adelaide Enfield

Phone Verbal Daniel Smith Customer Service Team 08 84056600

Waterways NA (Not Applicable)

Boat ramp C of PA Enfield

Phone Verbal As above

Collating Existing Data

3

Navigation buoys

Transport SA

Phone Verbal Scott Porter Policy and Services 08 82048830

Markers and other structures

Transport SA


Jetty Flinders Ports

Phone Email Email As above

Slipway NA Dry dock NA Aquaculture lease

NA

Recreational users

C of PA Enfield


2.1 Collating Existing Data

2.1.1 Local Knowledge & Skills Audit

SARDI Aquatic Sciences has considerable expertise in conducting invasive research within the Port of Adelaide, and will be self sufficient in designing, implementing and reporting for this project, although outside experts may be used for taxonomic verification purposes.

2.1.2 Previous Marine Pest Monitoring Data

The baseline monitoring activity undertaken in the Port of Adelaide was a survey in 2001 by MAFRI (now PIRVic) as part of the CRIMP series of port surveys. Cohen et al. (2002) produced a report for this survey, and the total number of exotic species (including cryptogenic species) found was nineteen. Locations and numbers of the exotic species that were present were obtained by SARDI and some of these details will used as part of this survey. Since then SARDI has completed a number of surveys for invasive Caulerpas through the region (Tanner et al. 2004, Westphalen et al. 2004, Rowling et al. 2005, Theil et al. 2005, Westphalen & Rowling, 2005, Rowling 2007, Rowling 2008ab, Wiltshire and Rowling 2009a). SARDI has also undertaken a previous port survey using to test the monitoring manual through the region that involved identification of the target exotic species (Rowling 2009b) and a sub-project looking at marine pest sampling in mangroves (Wiltshire and Rowling 2009b).


4

Table 3 Previously recorded introductions

Species Date of Detection/Sa

mple

Location Comment Active Eradication in Place? (Y/N)

Alexandrium and Gymnodium

2001, 2007 All through the Port

Found both in baseline surveys in MAFRI 2001 and SARDI 2007 surveys

N large existing population

Carcinus maenas

2001 Royal SA Yacht Squadron

MAFRI 2001 N not found in any surveys since


Early 1990s onwards

All through the Port

MAFRI 2001 SARDI 2007

N. part of large existing population

Musculista senhousia

2001 All through the port

MAFRI 2001 N. not found since except DNA in SARDI 2007 surveys

Charybdis japonica

Dec 2000 One individual SARDI 2001 report

N. no others found

Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea

2002 onwards

Many shallow areas through port

SARDI Caulerpa reports 2004-current, SARDI 2007 survey

N. part of large existing population

Caulerpa taxifolia

2002 onwards

Many shallow areas through port

SARDI Caulerpa reports 2004-current, SARDI 2007 survey

N eradicated from adjacent West Lakes but attempted eradication failed

2.1.3 Oceanographic Data

A series of graphs summarising the oceanographic data the three study areas listed in 1.1 are shown below (Figure 1, Figure 2). The minimum temperature across all the areas is 12.6°C and this increases by 1°C moving upstream. The maximum temperature was 23.8°C in the Upper Port, and this decreases by 0.5°C as you move downstream. Salinity was highest in March (37.9 psu) and lowest in the Upper Port (34.9 psu). Salinity varies by up to 2.6 psu throughout the year. The data for this chart was sourced from the EPA and was taken as part of their ongoing monitoring of the Port River/Barker Inlet region. This information is entered into the attached MDET.


5

a)

Outer Harbor Temperature

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Tem

pera

ture

(o C)

Period: 1999-2005Source: SA EPA

b)

Inner Harbour Temperature

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


Month

Tem

pera

ture

(o C)


c)

Upper Port Temperature

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


Month

Tem

pera

ture

(o C)


Figure 1 Sea temperature (oC) for a) Outer Harbor b) Inner Harbour c) Upper Port, over the period 1999 – 2005 (source: SA EPA)


6

a)

Outer Harbor Salinity

05

10

15202530

354045


Month

Salin

ity (P

SU)


b)

Inner Harbour Salinity

05

10

15202530

354045


Month

Salin

ity (P

SU)


c)

Upper Port Salinity

05

10

15202530

354045


Month

Salin

ity (P

SU)


Figure 2 Salinity (PSU) for a) Outer Harbor b) Inner Harbour c) Upper Port, over the period 1999 – 2005 (source: SA EPA)


7

2.1.4 Habitat Delineation

As discussed in Section 1.1 the Port of Adelaide was broken into three different sub-locations, and the habitat types for each of these are shown below (Table 4). All the areas contained man-made wharves, dredged channel, subtidal and intertidal soft sediment areas. Habitat maps for each of these areas can be seen in Section 2.1.5.

Information from this table is entered into the attached MDET. Table 4 Habitat Types

Location Habitat Category Total Survey Area (m2)

% Intertidal

Outer Harbour (see Map 1a)

Soft-surface

Epifauna 4576263 32 Infauna 4576263 32

Hard-surface (vertical and horizontal)

94709 5

Pelagic (vertical and horizontal)

3080107 0

Inner Harbour (see Map 1b)

Soft-surface



13662 5


280952 0

Upper Port (see Map 1c)

Soft-surface



18788 5


221920 0

2.1.5 Monitoring Area Map(s)

The Port of Adelaide is South Australia’s principal port, comprising of an Inner Harbour and Outer Harbor with more than 20 wharves and 40 berths spread across approximately 7 km of wharf frontage (Map 1). This project involves a survey of Outer Harbor from the entrance as far upstream as the Quarantine Station jetty (Outer Harbor); the Inner Harbor around Berth 25 and K Wharf, (Inner Harbour), and the upper Port River (Upper Port).


8

Map 1 Port of Adelaide Map


9

Map 1a Outer Harbor map showing habitats

Map 1b Inner Harbour map showing habitats


10

Map 1c Upper Port map showing habitats

2.1.6 Local Constraining Factors on Monitoring Success

Table 5 Hazard analysis at monitoring location

Hazard Effect on Monitoring

Critical Time of Year ( e.g: year round,

summer, temp<15oC)

Critical time of

Day (e.g: NA,

afternoon, high tide)

Management options for

minimisation

Turbidity/visibility (Secchi disk depth)

Reduces visibility, therefore the effectiveness of visual surveys

Year round Varies but particularly during changes of the tide

Conduct visual surveys outside of the time when the tide is changing

Wind direction (16 compass points)

May reduce visibility

North in summer, south west in winter

NA Try to sample in lee of the wind at all times

Wind speed Reduces visibility and safety

All year Afternoon Occasionally need to work on lee-side or complete field work before afternoon sea breeze picks up


11

Tidal currents (m s-1)

Difficult to swim

All year Mid tidal Occasionally need to dive during slack tide

Tide times Hard to sample top of pylons etc

Strong spring and autumn tides

Varies sampling times adjusted to allow safe boat access and appropriate depths for pylon sampling

Water residence time(# of days before body of water is completely refreshed)

Species that are only in water a short time (2 days) may leave the Outer Harbor region quickly

Particularly spring and Autumn

All day Plankton tows need to be well timed to coordinate with spawning/growth activity

Rainfall patterns May decrease visibility

Winter All day Sampling times adjusted or alternative sampling methods selected if heavy rain

Temperature extremes

Difficult to work if very hot or cold

Summer Winter

All Day Follow OH&S guidelines on working conditions

Dangerous animals • Sharks

Danger to divers

Summer All day Divers snorkelers to wear shark shields

• Blue ring octopus

Danger to staff

All year All day Wear appropriate gloves, take care

Vessel traffic Disrupt field work

All year All day Check daily details on Flinders Ports website, radio tower daily

Dredging & construction activities

Disrupt field work, diver safety

Various times All day Check for new activities, radio tower daily

Choosing Target Species

12

Pollution (e.g: stormwater, industry)

Diver safety All year All day Monitor environment, wear full face masks in upper Port

Pressure gradients (e.g: water pump inlets)

Diver safety All year All day Avoid Pelican Point power station

Charged metal protectors (cathodic protection)

Diver safety All year All day Some are located throughout the Port, check with Flinders Ports before diving

2.2 Choosing Target Species The target species to survey are automatically generated by the attached MDET, using temperature and salinity threshold values from Section 2.1.3. See the attached “SppIntolerances” worksheet from the MDET for species and lifestages excluded from the survey due to temperature or salinity intolerances of the physical conditions in each region of the Port of Adelaide. Table 7 SppIntolerances worksheet from the MDET

Location Species Lifestage Lethal

Temperature Lethal Salinity

Inner Harbour Asterias amurensis Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Balanus eburneus Juv_adult TRUE FALSE Balanus improvisus Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Balanus improvisus Juv_adult TRUE FALSE Callinectes sapidus Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Callinectes sapidus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Corbula amurensis Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Dinophysis norvegica Veg_cell TRUE TRUE Eriocheir sinensis Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Eriocheir sinensis Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Limnoperna fortunei Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Limnoperna fortunei Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Marenzelleria spp. Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Marenzelleria spp. Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Musculista senhousia Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Pseudodiaptomus marinus Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Pseudodiaptomus marinus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Pseudo-nitzschia seriata Veg_cell TRUE FALSE Sargassum muticum Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tortanus dextrilobatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE


13



Inner Harbour Tridentiger barbatus Juv_adult TRUE TRUE Tridentiger barbatus Juv_adult TRUE TRUE Tridentiger bifasciatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tridentiger bifasciatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Undaria pinnatifida Plant FALSE TRUE Outer Harbor Asterias amurensis Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Balanus eburneus Juv_adult TRUE FALSE Balanus improvisus Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Balanus improvisus Juv_adult TRUE FALSE Callinectes sapidus Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Callinectes sapidus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Corbula amurensis Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Dinophysis norvegica Veg_cell TRUE TRUE Eriocheir sinensis Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Eriocheir sinensis Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Limnoperna fortunei Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Limnoperna fortunei Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Marenzelleria spp. Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Marenzelleria spp. Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Musculista senhousia Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Pseudodiaptomus marinus Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Pseudodiaptomus marinus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Pseudo-nitzschia seriata Veg_cell TRUE FALSE Sargassum muticum Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tortanus dextrilobatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tridentiger barbatus Juv_adult TRUE TRUE Tridentiger barbatus Juv_adult TRUE TRUE Tridentiger bifasciatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tridentiger bifasciatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Undaria pinnatifida Plant FALSE TRUE Upper Port Asterias amurensis Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Balanus eburneus Juv_adult TRUE FALSE Balanus improvisus Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Balanus improvisus Juv_adult TRUE FALSE Callinectes sapidus Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Callinectes sapidus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Corbula amurensis Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Dinophysis norvegica Veg_cell TRUE TRUE Eriocheir sinensis Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Eriocheir sinensis Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Limnoperna fortunei Gam_larv FALSE TRUE


14



Upper Port Limnoperna fortunei Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Marenzelleria spp. Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Marenzelleria spp. Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Musculista senhousia Gam_larv TRUE FALSE Pseudodiaptomus marinus Gam_larv FALSE TRUE Pseudodiaptomus marinus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Pseudo-nitzschia seriata Veg_cell TRUE FALSE Sargassum muticum Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tortanus dextrilobatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tridentiger barbatus Juv_adult TRUE TRUE Tridentiger barbatus Juv_adult TRUE TRUE Tridentiger bifasciatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Tridentiger bifasciatus Juv_adult FALSE TRUE Undaria pinnatifida Plant FALSE TRUE

15

2.3 Determining Number of Samples The attached MDET has been used to determine appropriate observational methods and sample sizes for each target species, and the methods are summarised below. Techniques targeting conspicuous larger adult stages were chosen where possible, particularly for the macroalgae and invertebrates. In cases where a molecular probe has been developed to aid in identification of larvae, then sampling the larval (planktonic) stages were chosen. In any species with a cyst life stage, coring was chosen as an appropriate technique. Table 6 Summary of observational methods used to sample each species. Two ticks indicate that the species will be sampled twice using this method.

Habitat Hard horizontal/vertical Plankton horizontal/vertical

Pelagic horizontal/vertical Soft Epifauna Soft Infauna

Observational Method Diver visual

Quadrat scrape

Snorkel visual

Crab Trap

Fish Trap

Walk visual

Phytoplankton trawl

Zooplankton trawl

Diver visual

Snorkel visual

Fish Trap

Beam Trawl

Diver Visual Grab

Snorkel Visual

Crab Trap

Walk visual Core Grab Dredge

Species

Acartia tonsa

Alexandrium cantenella

Alexandrium minutum

Alexandrium monilatum

Alexandrium tamarense

Asterias amurensis

Beroe ovata

Bonnemaisonia hamifera

Carcinus maenus

Caulerpa racemosa

Caulerpa taxifolia

Charybdis japonica

Codium fragile spp. tomentosoides

Crassostrea gigas

Determining Number of Samples

16




Quadrat scrape

Snorkel visual

Crab Trap

Fish Trap

Walk visual

Phytoplankton trawl

Zooplankton trawl

Diver visual

Snorkel visual

Fish Trap

Beam Trawl

Diver Visual Grab

Snorkel Visual

Crab Trap


Species

Crepidula fornicata

Didemnum spp.

Dinophysis norvegica

Ensis directus

Grateloupia turuturu

Gymnodium catenatum

Hemigrapsus sanguineus

Hemigrapsus takanoi/penicillatus

Hydroides dianthus

Musculista senhousia

Mya arenaria

Mytilopsis sallei

Perna perna

Perna viridis

Pfiesteria piscicida

Rapana venosa

Rhithropanopeus harrisii


Siganus luridus

Siganus rivulatus

Undaria pinnatifida

Varicorbula gibba


17




Quadrat scrape

Snorkel visual

Crab Trap

Fish Trap

Walk visual

Phytoplankton trawl

Zooplankton trawl

Diver visual

Snorkel visual

Fish Trap

Beam Trawl

Diver Visual Grab

Snorkel Visual

Crab Trap


Species

Womersleyella setacea

1

2.3.1 Modification of Sample Sizes

The sample sizes generated for six species using some techniques in the attached MDET are too high to be practical to implement. The “Adjust_sample_size” worksheet of the MDET shows the changes that have been made with some comments. Further justifications for these changes are as follows:

Species Name/s Method Justification

Acartia tonsa Zooplankton Trawl

Calculated sample size (127) was too high, dropped number down to next highest value for same technique (22)

Alexandrium spp, Undaria

Phytoplankton Trawl

Calculated sample sizes (96, 58) were too high, dropped number down to highest value for complementary technique (Zooplankton Trawl, 22)

Siganus spp Snorkel visual Was the only technique that could be chosen for these species, numbers were too high (606) so a number was chosen that was realistic to complete in two days of intensive sampling using this technique (48). The other areas were adjusted to a more realistic value in relation to the Outer Harbor numbers.

As well as calculating sample sizes the MDET gives information on the time/s of year to sample and the cost (field and laboratory) of each observation method. A summary of the final samples, time of year and costs generated by the MDET are given below Table 7 Summary of the sample size required for each observational method in each habitat group

Habitat Type

Observation Method

Sample Size (IH+OH+UP)

Total Samples

Sample Time of Year

Cost* (IH+OH +UP)

Total Cost ($)

Hard Diver visual 1+7+2 10 Spring 1137+8167+2273

11577 1+7+2 10 Autumn

Crab Trap 3+17+4 24 Spring 1100+8100+1467

10667 1 1 Autumn

Plankton Phytoplankton trawl

4+22+2 28 Spring 5238+29150+2588

36976 3+22+1 26 Autumn

Zooplankton trawl

5+22+2 29 Spring 6625+24750+2650

34025 5+22+2 29 Autumn

Pelagic Snorkel visual 12+48+12 72 Spring 4880+19520+4880

29280 12+48+12 72 Autumn

Soft epifauna Beam trawl

1+12+1 14 Spring 9200+110400+9200

128800

Crab Trap 1+1 2 Spring 267+267 534 Soft infauna

Core 1+7+1 9 Spring 3208+22458+3208

28874 1+7+1 9 Autumn


2

Dredge 2+15+2 19 Spring 5600+42000+5600

53200 2+15+2 19 Autumn

2.3.1 Selecting Sites to Monitor within a Location

Map 2 Map of Port Adelaide area with 200 m spatial grid and 31 monitoring sites indicated


3

Table 8 Location of sampling sites

Number on map

Site location GPS Coordinates of Grid Reference

GPS Coordinates of Actual Sites

Reasoning for Moving Site from Grid Reference

1 Entrance 34.784484 S 138.471050 E

34.784198 S 138.470001 E

Moved to nearby revetment

2 South Revetment 34.78450 S 138.475006 E

3 North Revetment 34.779998 S 138.475006 E

4 Outer Harbor Berth 1

34.77999 S 138.47999 E

34.7793 S 138.481002 E

Moving to nearby wharf

5 Swing Basin 34.773498 S 138.479995 E


34.7733 S 138.483993 E

7 Royal Adelaide Yacht Squadron

34.7733 S 138.488998 E


34.770801 S 138.486999 E

9 Channel Marker 8 34.769001 S 138.483993 E



34.766399 S 138.492996 E


34.762279 S 138.49411 E

Moving from intertidal to subtidal site


34.7639 S 138.498001 E

Moving from intertidal to subtidal site



34.761699 S 138.505004 E

Moved to nearby marker


17 Snapper Point 34.764198 S 138.511001 E


34.764598 S 138.516006 E

Moved to nearby marker


20 Lipson Channel 34.773498 S 138.518005 E

21 Quarantine Station 34.77774 S 34.777198 S Moved to


4

Jetty 138.51999 E 138.518997 E nearby jetty 22 Mutton Cove

Channel 34.7802 S 138.514999 E

23 Inner Harbour M Berth

34.825698 S 138.507003 E

24 Inner Harbour Berth 27

34.826801 S 138.509002 E

25 Inner Harbour K Berth

34.828998 S 138.507003 E

26 No 3 Dock 34.828998 S 138.509002 E

27 Inner Harbour Berth 20

34.831501 S 138.509002 E

28 Birkenhead Bridge 34.84225 S 138.50223 E

34.843101 S 138.501998 E

Moved to nearby bridge

29 Maritime Berth 34.842098 S 138.5 E

30 Musgrave Wharf 34.84221 S 138.49555 E

34.8432 S 138.496002 E

Moved to nearby wharf

31 Ro Ro Berth 34.844501 S 138.498001 E

NB: The number of sample sites in Outer Harbor is limited to 22, which means the Snorkel Visual technique will require replicates to undertaken. This is not unrealistic as the replicates ac be placed at various depths and distances from the channel.

Other

5

2.3 Other We will complete the Implementation Plan once the process of testing the MDET v2.0 has been undertaken prior to the commencement of the surveys.

2.4 References Cohen , B.F. Heislers, S. Parry, G.D. Asplin, M.D. Werner, G.F. and Restall, J.E. (2002), Exotic Marine Pests in the Outer Harbour of the Port of Adelaide, South Australia. MAFRI Report No. 40. Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, Queenscliff.

Rowling, K. (2007). Caulerpa taxifolia – 2007 survey of current distribution and high risk areas. Prepared for PIRSA Biosecurity. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. F2007/000703; SARDI Research Report Series No 234.

Rowling, K. (2008). Current Distribution of Caulerpa taxifolia in South Australia Chapter 2 in Deveney, M., Rowling, K., Wiltshire, K., Manning, C., Fernandes, M., Collings, G. and Tanner, J. (2008) Caulerpa taxifolia (M. Vahl) C. Agardh: Environmental risk assessment. Prepared for PIRSA Marine Biosecurity. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No.F2008/000854-1; SARDI Research Report Series No 307.

Rowling, K. (2009a). Caulerpa taxifolia – 2008 Survey of the upper Port River. Prepared for PIRSA Marine Biosecurity. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No.F2009/000049-1; SARDI Research Report Series No 331

Rowling, K. (2009b). Monitoring exotic pests in the Port of Adelaide, South Australia. Prepared for PIRSA Marine Biosecurity. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No.F2009/000207-1; SARDI Research Report Series No 349.

Rowling, K, Westphalen, G and Tanner, JE (2005). Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea surveys of Outer Harbor. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. RD04/0090. Prepared for the KBR and Flinders Ports

Tanner, J., Westphalen, G. and Rowling, K. (2004). Caulerpa taxifolia surveys of Outer Harbour. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. RD02/0161-7. Report to Flinders Ports

Theil, M., Rowling, K., Westphalen, G. and Tanner, J. (2005). Caulerpa taxifolia and Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea surveys of the inner harbour, Port River. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. RD02/0161-12. Prepared for Flinders Ports.

Westphalen, G. and Rowling, K. (2005). Caulerpa taxifolia surveys of the North Haven coast. SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No. RD02/0161-16. Prepared for PIRSA Biosecurity.

Wiltshire K.H. and Rowling K.P. (2009a) Caulerpa taxifolia - 2009 surveys of current distribution and high risk areas. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide, 26pp.

Wiltshire, K.H. and Rowling, K.P. (2009b) Validating methodology for detection of pest species in mangroves: application of techniques to a survey in the Port of

Appendix A

6

Adelaide. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide, 24pp.

.

2.5 Appendix A Hi Keith, Thanks for your email detailing the required survey work to be carried out in the coming months. I understand no land side access is required by your team and as such there is no requirement for any security passes to be obtained. As per the former occasion this activity was performed (& further to your protocols), Flinders Ports has the following requirements:

• The Alfa flag to be clearly visible at all times when engaging in diving activities • No diving permitted whilst ships are passing waters adjacent active sampling sites • Further to notifying the Signal Station before commencement & on completion of

work, please also inform when intending to send divers down so that the communications officers can confirm current shipping status

• Suggest use of VHF channel 12 for maintaining listening watch (ship / pilot & signal station ops use this channel during shipping)

• Alternative contact for the Signal Station is phone # 8248 3505 Please confirm actual commencement date (when known) as I’ll forward all relating information & communication instruction to our Signal Station / marine ops personnel at that time. Thanks & regards, Scott Scott Marston Client Services, Marine Traffic FLINDERS PORTS ph: +61 (08) 8447 0612 mob: 0411 551 377 fax: +61 (08) 8447 0603 email: [email protected] web: www.flindersports.com.au

Implementation Plan for the MDR of the Port of Adelaide 2010-11

Kathryn Wiltshire, Marty Deveney SARDI Aquatic Sciences, South Australia 13 April 2011

VAINIA20

Typewritten Text

APPENDIX II. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

ii

Table of Contents

Primary Implementation Plan Contact Person ......................................................... 1

Implementation Plan

Sublocations ........................................................................................................... 1

Personnel

Organisational Chart ............................................................................................ 2

Duties ...................................................................................................................... 3

Specimen storage ................................................................................................... 3

Sample labelling .................................................................................................... 3

Survey methods

Sublocations ........................................................................................................... 4

Equipment specification ....................................................................................... 5

Timing ........................................................................................................................... 6

Permits and security clearances ................................................................................. 6

Hazard Assessment ...................................................................................................... 7

Appendix A ................................................................................................................... 9

Primary Implementation Plan Contact Person

Name: Kathryn Wiltshire


Phone: (08) 8207 5456

A/H Phone: 0408 849 700

Fax: (08) 8207 5481


Implementation Plan

With funding secured, it is proposed that the monitoring at the Port of Adelaide be undertaken in two seasons, Spring (September-December 2010) and Autumn (March-June 2011). The monitoring is expected to be completed within a year.

The monitoring at Port Adelaide will include four sublocations. These include:

1. Outer Harbor

2. Inner Harbour

3. Upper Port River

4. North Haven Marina

The North Haven marina sublocation was not in the original monitoring design for the Port of Adelaide but was included on recommendation from the Monitoring Design Assessment Panel. As North Haven has a similar area and composition of hard/soft substrate as the Upper Port River, sample numbers for North Haven will be the same as for the Upper Port River. In order to achieve this additional sampling within budget, the number of sites sampled in the Outer Harbor sublocation will be reduced for some techniques as described below.

It is expected that the proposed monitoring activity at Port Adelaide will cost $221,184.

In order to achieve sampling within budget, the number of diving days will be limited by performing all dive related sampling in as few dives as possible. So far as is practical, cores for phytoplankton cyst analysis will be collected from soft substrate adjacent to areas where diver visual surveys are conducted, i.e. during the same dive. Algal specimens collected during the Spring sampling that are not able to be identified by the staff at SARDI Aquatic Sciences will be preserved and stored until Autumn sampling is also completed, at which time all unidentified specimens will be sent to the State Herbarium of South Australia for identification. To incorporate sampling at North Haven Marina, the number of Core, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Trawl and Dredge samples at Outer Harbor will be reduced from those shown on the Monitoring design report, with an equivalent number of samples collected at North Haven for these techniques. Additional trap and diver visual sampling will be conducted at North Haven with no reduction to the numbers of samples at Outer Harbor for these techniques.

2

Personnel

Organisational Chart

Diagram 1 Organisational chart identifying the lines of authority and responsibility for the collection, analysis and storage of samples.

Monitoring Program Owner

DAFF, Biosecurity SA

Survey Coordinators

Marty Deveney, Kathryn Wiltshire


Collection Agency SARDI Aquatic

Sciences

Fixation and Storage Location


Identification

Cyst/ Phytoplankton Identification

Clinton Wilkinson (SASQAP)

PCR Identification Nathan Bott (SARDI

Aquatic Sciences, SARDI Plant and Soil

Health)

Algae Identification

Fred Gurgel (State Herbarium of SA)

Invertebrate Identification

Leonardo Mantilla (SARDI Aquatic

Sciences) Thierry Laperousaz

(SA Museum)

Reporting Structure

Sample Transport Route

Preliminary Sample Sorting


3

Personnel

Collection of samples and initial sorting and identification will be primarily by Kathryn Wiltshire, Jason Nichols, Alex Dobrovolskis and field assistants, who will be working with the primary researchers at all times. Additional taxonomic assistance for initial species identification is available to the primary researchers as required, from the wide-ranging expertise of other personnel within SARDI Aquatic Sciences. In particular, Leonardo Mantilla and Shirley Sorokin have taxonomic expertise in various groups of marine invertebrates. Identifications will be verified by the SA Museum and State Herbarium of SA, who will also house voucher specimens

Correspondence with the relevant taxonomic specialists to undertake the task of species verification was primarily by telephone, details are given in Appendix A.

Duties Name Organisation Position Qualifications Collection/ Sorting/ Identification

Kathryn Wiltshire


Research Officer BSc (Hons) Coxswain Scientific Diver Senior First Aid

Collection/ Sorting/ Identification

Jason Nichols SARDI Aquatic Sciences

Operational Services Officer

BSc (Hons) Coxswain Scientific Diver Senior First Aid

Collection/ Sorting/ Identification

Alex Dobrovolskis


Operational Services Officer

BSc Coxswain Scientific Diver Senior First Aid

Identification/Verification

Leonardo Mantilla


Research Officer BSc (Hons)


Shirley Sorokin SARDI Aquatic Sciences

Research Officer BSc (Hons)


Clinton Wilkinson

SASQAP (Biosecurity SA)

Program Leader, Food and Plant standards

Grad Dip

Identification (PCR)

Nathan Bott SARDI Aquatic Sciences

Research Scientist – Molecular diagnostics

PhD

Verification/ Lodgement

Thierry Laperousaz

SA Museum Collections manager, marine invertebrates

MSc

Verification/ Lodgement

Fred Gurgel State Herbarium of South Australia

Research fellow, macroalgal taxonomist

PhD

Specimen storage

The majority of samples will be sorted and stored at SARDI Aquatic Sciences West Beach

facilities: the South Australian Aquatic Sciences Centre (SAASC). Facilities at this location

include two 20 ft by 10 ft walk in freezers for frozen samples, four well ventilated 20 ft by

10 ft storage rooms for samples fixed in formalin and one 10 ft by 10 ft ethanol storage

room.

4

There is laboratory space at the SAASC for analysis and identification of samples, complete

with fume hoods, dissecting and stereo microscopes, video and photographic equipment and

a large number of reference books and materials to aid in identification, with access to

electronic resources on site. Any verification of identifications and the storage of voucher

specimens will be by the SA Museum and the State Herbarium of SA for marine invertebrate

and macroalgal specimens respectively.

Samples that will not be sorted at SAASC are:

Phyoplankton tow and core samples:

Phtyoplankton tow samples and cores will be examined by Clinton Wilkinson of SASQAP at

the Lincoln Marine Science Centre in Port Lincoln. SASQAP regularly monitors shellfish

growing areas for toxic and nuisance microalgae and have laboratory facilities equipped for

phytoplankton cell and cyst identification as well as relevant expertise in these areas.

Zooplanton tows for PCR analysis:

Zooplankton Tow samples for PCR analysis will be fixed at SAASC according to protocols

established by the SARDI Molecular Diagnostics group then analysed by Dr Nathan Bott

using the molecular diagnostics facilities of SARDI Plant and Soil Health, Waite. These

laboratories include facilities for DNA extraction and high-throughput quantitative PCR

assays.

Sample labelling

Labelling standard Survey ID Site ID Method ID Specimen No.

XXXXXXX XXXX XX XX

SurveyID:

NMN location code for Adelaide: ADL, flowed by a four-digit representation of month (MM) and year (YY) in format YYMM

SiteID:

Four character site identifier. Sites to be sampled for the Port of Adelaide monitoring in 2010-2011 are:

5

SiteID Latitude Longitude Description OHEN ‐34.7842 138.47 Outer Harbor entrance OHSR ‐34.7845 138.475 Southern Revetment OHNR ‐34.78 138.475 Northern Revetment OHB1 ‐34.7793 138.481 Outer Harbor Berth 1 OHSB ‐34.7735 138.48 Swing Basin OHB4 ‐34.7733 138.484 Outer Harbor Berth 4 OHYS ‐34.7733 138.489 Royal SA Yacht Squadron OHB6 ‐34.7708 138.487 Outer Harbor Berth 6 OH08 ‐34.769 138.484 Channel marker 8 OH10 ‐34.7644 138.489 Channel marker 10 OHB8 ‐34.7664 138.493 Outer Harbor Berth 8 OH12 ‐34.7628 138.494 Channel marker 12 OH15 ‐34.7639 138.498 Channel marker 15 OH16 ‐34.7601 138.5 Channel marker 16 OH19 ‐34.7617 138.505 Channel marker 19 OH20 ‐34.7599 138.509 Channel marker 20 OHSP ‐34.7642 138.511 Snapper point OH22 ‐34.7646 138.516 Channel marker 22 OH24 ‐34.7688 138.52 Channel marker 24 OHLC ‐34.7735 138.518 Lipson Channel OHQS ‐34.7772 138.519 Quarantine Station Jetty OHMC ‐34.7802 138.515 Mutton Cove Channel IHMB ‐34.8257 138.507 Inner Harbour M berth IH27 ‐34.8268 138.509 Inner Harbour Berth 27 IHKB ‐34.829 138.507 Inner Harbour K berth IHD3 ‐34.829 138.509 Inner Harbour no 3 dock IH20 ‐34.8315 138.509 Inner Harbour Berth 20 UPBB ‐34.8431 138.502 Birkenhead bridge UPMB ‐34.8421 138.5 Maritime Berth UPMW ‐34.8432 138.496 Musgrave wharf UPPW ‐34.8445 138.498 Princes Wharf NHFM ‐34.7867 138.4868 Flinders marina NHYC ‐34.7914 138.4887 Cruising Yacht club marina NHBR ‐34.795 138.4864 North Haven Boat ramp NHEN ‐34.7956 138.4818 North Haven entrance

6

MethodID:

A two character method identifier. Methods to be used for the Port of Adelaide monitoring are:

Method ID Method

DV Diver Visual

ZT Zooplankton Tow

PT Phytoplankton Tow

TR Beam Trawl

C_ Core

T_ Trap

D_ Dredge

Specimen Number:

Each voucher specimen kept from a sample will be assigned a unique Specimen Number. The specimen number will be omitted for samples that are stored whole (plankton tows and cores for dinoflagellates cysts)

Example:

The unique identifying code for the second specimen taken by a beam trawl at Outer Harbor Berth 1 in Adelaide in November 2010 will be coded as:

Survey ID Site ID Method ID Specimen No.

ADL1011 OHB1 TR 02

The unique code for this sample will be ADL1011OHB1TR02.

7

Survey methods

S – method to be used in Spring

A – method to be used in Autumn

S/A – to be sampled by this method in both seasons

Outer Harbor Hard

horizontal vertical

Plankton horizontal

vertical

Pelagic horizontal

vertical

Soft epifauna

Soft infauna

Diver visual S/A S/A

Zooplankton trawl S/A

Phytoplankton trawl S/A

Beam trawl S

Fish trap S/A

Crab trap S/A S/A

Core S/A

Dredge S/A

Inner Harbour Hard

horizontal vertical

Plankton horizontal

vertical

Pelagic horizontal

vertical

Soft epifauna

Soft infauna




Beam trawl S

Fish trap S/A

Crab trap S/A S/A

Core S/A

Dredge S/A

8

Upper Port River Hard

horizontal vertical

Plankton horizontal

vertical

Pelagic horizontal

vertical

Soft epifauna

Soft infauna




Beam trawl S

Fish trap S/A

Crab trap S/A S/A

Core S/A

Dredge S/A

North Haven Marina

Hard horizontal

vertical

Plankton horizontal

vertical

Pelagic horizontal

vertical

Soft epifauna

Soft infauna




Beam trawl S

Fish trap S/A

Crab trap S/A S/A

Core S/A

Dredge S/A

9

Equipment specifications

Species Survey method Equipment Specifications 1 Acartia tonsa Zooplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.6m length, 150µm mesh

2 Alexandrium cantenella Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length Phytoplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.25m length, 20µm mesh

3 Alexandrium minutum Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length Phytoplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.25m length, 20µm mesh

4 Alexandrium monilatum Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length Phytoplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.25m length, 20µm mesh

5 Alexandrium tamarense Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length Phytoplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.25m length, 20µm mesh

6 Asterias amurensis Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

7 Beroe ovata Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag

8 Bonnemaisonia hamifera Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

9 Carcinus maenus Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

10 Caulerpa racemosa Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

11 Caulerpa taxifolia Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

12 Charybdis japonica Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Zooplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.6m length, 150µm mesh

13 Codium fragile spp. tomentosoides

Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

14 Crassostrea gigas Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

15 Crepidula fornicata Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

16 Didemnum spp. Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

17 Dinophysis norvegica Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length 18 Ensis directus Dredge 1m wide, <5mm mesh 19 Grateloupia turuturu Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag 20 Gymnodium catenatum Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length

21 Hemigrapsus sanguineus Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Crab Trap Opera House net style

22 Hemigrapsus takanoi/penicillatus

Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

23 Hydroides dianthus Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag

24 Musculista senhousia Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

10

Species Survey method Equipment Specifications 25 Mya arenaria Dredge 1m wide, <5mm mesh

26 Mytilopsis sallei Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

27 Perna perna Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag

28 Perna viridis Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Zooplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.6m length, 150µm mesh

29 Pfiesteria piscicida Core PVC core, 30mm diameter, 300 mm length

30 Rapana venosa Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

31 Rhithropanopeus harrisii Crab Trap Opera House net style

32 Sabella spallanzanii Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag Beam Trawl 1.5m wide beam, 5mm mesh

33 Siganus luridus Fish Trap Box style 34 Siganus rivulatus Fish Trap Box style 35 Undaria pinnatifida Phytoplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.25m length, 20µm mesh 36 Varicorbula gibba Zooplankton trawl 300mm diameter, 1.6m length, 150µm mesh 37 Womersleyella setacea Diver visual Diving equipment, catch bag

Timing

Sampling is planned for two seasons to increase the likelihood of detecting seasonal lifestages: Spring 2010 (taken as being from mid-September to mid-December) and Autumn 2011 (mid-March to Mid-June). The anticipated number of days per sampling is given below. In practice it is likely that these days will be spread throughout the sampling period to some extent, as, within each period exact sampling dates will be dependent on weather and access to sites, especially with regard to shipping movements. Priority will be given to the collection of dredge (both seasons) and beam trawl (Spring only) samples as these require the most laboratory post-collection processing (ie sorting and identification). In the Autumn sampling period, collection of phytoplankton tow samples will preferentially be performed in mid-May to mid-June as this is the most likely period for the detection of vegetative cells (Clinton Wilkinson, SASQAP, pers. comm.). Some techniques may be performed simultaneously, e.g. deployment of fish and crab traps, and collection of cores during dives for diver visual surveys. Therefore, the total number of sampling days may be less than the sum of the number of days per technique.

11

Expected numbers of sampling days & date ranges Technique #days Anticipated date range

Spring Autumn Spring Autumn

Beam Trawl 5 0 15/9/10 – 31/10/10 N/A

Dredge 5 5 15/9/10 – 31/10/10 15/3/11 – 30/4/11

Crab/Fish Traps 5 2 15/10/10 – 30/11/10 15/4/11 – 15/5/11

Zooplankton Tow 4 4 30/9/10 – 30/11/10 15/5/11 – 20/6/11

Phytoplankton Tow 4 4 30/9/10 – 30/11/10 15/5/11 – 20/6/11

Diver Visual 3 3 30/9/10 – 30/11/10 1/4/11 – 30/5/11

Core 3 3 30/9/10 – 30/11/10 1/4/11 – 30/5/11

Permits and Security Clearances

No land side access is required in order to conduct monitoring in the Port of Adelaide, all sampling will be conducted by boat. Permission has been obtained to enter the Royal South Australian Yacht Squadron marina and the operators of the publically accessible marinas within North Haven have been notified of the proposed monitoring activities. Contact will be made with Flinders Ports on each sampling day to reconfirm shipping movements and that access to required areas is possible.

Relevant email correspondence is provided in Appendix A.

12

Hazard assessment

Hazard Effect on Monitoring

Critical Time of Year ( e.g: year round,

summer, temp<15oC)

Critical time of

Day (e.g: NA,

afternoon, high tide)

Management options for

minimisation

Turbidity/visibility (Secchi disk depth)

Reduces visibility, therefore the effectiveness of visual surveys

Year round Varies but particularly during changes of the tide

Conduct visual surveys outside of the time when the tide is changing

Wind direction (16 compass points)

May reduce visibility

North in summer, south west in winter

NA Try to sample in lee of the wind at all times

Wind speed Reduces visibility and safety

All year Afternoon Occasionally need to work on lee-side or complete field work before afternoon sea breeze picks up

Tidal currents (m s-1)

Difficult to swim

All year Mid tidal Occasionally need to dive during slack tide

Tide times Hard to sample top of pylons etc

Strong spring and autumn tides

Varies sampling times adjusted to allow safe boat access and appropriate depths for pylon sampling

Water residence time(# of days before body of water is completely refreshed)

Species that are only in water a short time (2 days) may leave the Outer Harbor region quickly

Particularly spring and Autumn

All day Plankton tows need to be well timed to coordinate with spawning/growth activity

13

Rainfall patterns May decrease visibility

Winter All day Sampling times adjusted or alternative sampling methods selected if heavy rain

Temperature extremes

Difficult to work if very hot or cold

Summer Winter

All Day Follow OH&S guidelines on working conditions

Dangerous animals • Sharks

Danger to divers

Summer All day Divers snorkelers to wear shark shields

• Blue ring octopus

Danger to staff

All year All day Wear appropriate gloves, take care

Vessel traffic Disrupt field work

All year All day Check daily details on Flinders Ports website, radio tower daily

Dredging & construction activities

Disrupt field work, diver safety

Various times All day Check for new activities, radio tower daily

Pollution (e.g: stormwater, industry)

Diver safety All year All day Monitor environment, wear full face masks in upper Port

Pressure gradients (e.g: water pump inlets)

Diver safety All year All day Avoid Pelican Point power station

Charged metal protectors (cathodic protection)

Diver safety All year All day Some are located throughout the Port, check with Flinders Ports before diving

14

Appendix A

Experts engaged for verification of samples, identification and lodgement of voucher specimens

Arrangements were put in place with the SA Museum and State Herbarium of South Australia for identification and lodgement of marine invertebrate and macroalgal specimens for the Port of Adelaide monitoring conducted in 2007-8. Telephone contact was made with Thierry Laperousaz of the SA Museum and Fred Gurgel of the State Herbarium in September 2010 to confirm that they were able to provide these services for the current Port of Adelaide monitoring. Similarly, Clinton Wilkinson of the South Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program (SASQAP, a division of Biosecuirty SA) identified vegetative cells and cysts for the 2007-8 monitoring and was contact by telephone to confirm his availability to identify samples from the current survey.

Email correspondence regarding access to Port facilities and marinas is below. Hi Keith, Thanks for your email detailing the required survey work to be carried out in the coming months. I understand no land side access is required by your team and as such there is no requirement for any security passes to be obtained. As per the former occasion this activity was performed (& further to your protocols), Flinders Ports has the following requirements:

• The Alfa flag to be clearly visible at all times when engaging in diving activities • No diving permitted whilst ships are passing waters adjacent active sampling sites • Further to notifying the Signal Station before commencement & on completion of work,

please also inform when intending to send divers down so that the communications officers can confirm current shipping status

• Suggest use of VHF channel 12 for maintaining listening watch (ship / pilot & signal station ops use this channel during shipping)

• Alternative contact for the Signal Station is phone # 8248 3505 Please confirm actual commencement date (when known) as I’ll forward all relating information & communication instruction to our Signal Station / marine ops personnel at that time. Thanks & regards, Scott Scott Marston Client Services, Marine Traffic FLINDERS PORTS ph: +61 (08) 8447 0612 mob: 0411 551 377 fax: +61 (08) 8447 0603 email: [email protected] web: www.flindersports.com.au

15

Hi Kathryn Thank you for the email and the advice regarding the surveys to be conducted involving the RSAYS facility. I have included Annette Hersbach ( RSAYS member services) in on this response, Annette will advise our members through our normal channels of the planned activity and to alert them of your impending arrival. Please keep us advised if you require any further assistance from the Squadron. Best wishes

Wayne Phillips

General Manager

Royal South Australian Yacht Squadron

161 Oliver Rogers Road OUTER HARBOR SA 5018

Tel 08 8341 8600 • Fax 8248 4933

Post sample collection report for the monitoring of the Port of Adelaide 2010-11

Kathryn Wiltshire, Marty Deveney SARDI Aquatic Sciences, South Australia 24 May 2011

VAINIA20

Typewritten Text

APPENDIX III. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

ii

Table of Contents

Primary Contact Person .............................................................................................. 1

Summary of samples collected .................................................................................... 1

Current sample status .................................................................................................. 6

Target species identified .............................................................................................. 6

Future reporting ........................................................................................................... 8

Primary Contact Person

Name: Kathryn Wiltshire


Phone: (08) 8207 5456

A/H Phone: 0408 849 700

Fax: (08) 8207 5481


Summary of samples collected

Collection of samples for the monitoring of the Port of Adelaide commenced on 16/9/2010 and was completed on 19/5/2011. Monitoring at Port Adelaide was conducted over two seasons, Spring 2010 and Autumn 2011, and included four sublocations:

1. Outer Harbor

2. Inner Harbour

3. Upper Port River

4. North Haven Marina

The North Haven marina sublocation was not in the original monitoring design for the Port of Adelaide but was included on recommendation from the Monitoring Design Assessment Panel (MDAP). North Haven has a similar area and composition of hard/soft substrate as the Upper Port River, so sample numbers for the Upper Port River were used for North Haven. To achieve this additional sampling within budget, the number of sites sampled in the Outer Harbor sublocation was reduced for some techniques. Specifically, the number of phytoplankton, zooplankton, dredge, and beam trawl samples at Outer Harbor were reduced from those shown on the monitoring design report, with an equivalent number of samples collected at North Haven for these techniques. Additional core, trap and diver visual sampling was conducted at North Haven with no reduction to the numbers of samples at Outer Harbor for these techniques. Methods used for the Port of Adelaide monitoring, their associated methodID for use in labelling, and the number of samples collected in each season:

Method Method ID # samples (%complete)

Spring Autumn

Diver Visual DV 12 (100%) 12 (100%) Zooplankton Tow ZT 29 (100%) 29 (100%) Phytoplankton Tow PT 28 (100%) 26 (100%) Beam Trawl TR 14 (100%) N/A Core C_ 10 (100%) 10 (100%) Trap T_ 33*(100%) 5* (100%) Dredge D_ 19 (100%) 19 (100%)

*Trap numbers include both fish and crab traps deployed on hard and soft substrates. See the following section for a detailed breakdown of deployments

2

Sites sampled for the Port of Adelaide monitoring in 2010-2011, and their associated siteID codes for labelling:

SiteID Latitude Longitude Description Outer Harbor sublocation OHEN -34.7842 138.47 Outer Harbor entrance OHSR -34.7845 138.475 Southern Revetment OHNR -34.78 138.475 Northern Revetment OHB1 -34.7793 138.481 Outer Harbor Berth 1 OHSB -34.7735 138.48 Swing Basin OHB4 -34.7733 138.484 Outer Harbor Berth 4 OHYS -34.7733 138.489 Royal SA Yacht Squadron OHB6 -34.7708 138.487 Outer Harbor Berth 6 OH08 -34.769 138.484 Channel marker 8 OH10 -34.7644 138.489 Channel marker 10 OHB8 -34.7664 138.493 Outer Harbor Berth 8 OH12 -34.7628 138.494 Channel marker 12 OH15 -34.7639 138.498 Channel marker 15 OH16 -34.7601 138.5 Channel marker 16 OH19 -34.7617 138.505 Channel marker 19 OH20 -34.7599 138.509 Channel marker 20 OHSP -34.7642 138.511 Snapper point OH22 -34.7646 138.516 Channel marker 22 OH24 -34.7688 138.52 Channel marker 24 OHLC -34.7735 138.518 Lipson Channel OHQS -34.7772 138.519 Quarantine Station Jetty OHMC -34.7802 138.515 Mutton Cove Channel Inner Harbour sublocation IHMB -34.8257 138.507 Inner Harbour M berth IH27 -34.8268 138.509 Inner Harbour Berth 27 IHKB -34.829 138.507 Inner Harbour K berth IHD3 -34.829 138.509 Inner Harbour no 3 dock IH20 -34.8315 138.509 Inner Harbour Berth 20 Upper Port sublocation UPBB -34.8431 138.502 Birkenhead bridge UPMB -34.8421 138.5 Maritime Berth UPMW -34.8432 138.496 Musgrave wharf UPPW -34.8445 138.498 Princes Wharf North Haven sublocation NHFM -34.7867 138.4868 Flinders marina NHYC -34.7914 138.4887 Cruising Yacht club marina NHBR -34.795 138.4864 North Haven Boat ramp NHEN -34.7956 138.4818 North Haven entrance

Note that site locations are centre points of grid squares within which samples were collected. Actual co-ordinates were recorded for each sample and will be provided in the final monitoring report.

Diver visual surveys

Diver visual surveys consisted of 50m swims surveying hard substrate and the adjacent water column. Sites selection was limited by the availability of hard substrate so sites were concentrated around dock areas in Outer Harbor. Other sites in Outer Harbor had little hard substrate, e.g. channel markers, or could not be surveyed due to shipping movements (e.g. swing basin), but the rocky channel edge around Snapper Point and the former Quarantine

3

Station Jetty were sampled to give a greater spread of diver visual sites. Sites sampled by Diver Visual Surveys and date ranges were:

Spring (24/11/10 – 9/12/10):

Upper Port Sublocation (2) UPPW, UPMB

Inner Harbour Sublocation (1) IHD3

Outer Harbor Sublocation (7) OHQS, OHYS, OHB6, OHB1, OHSR, OHSP, OHB8

North Haven sublocation (2) NHFM, NHBR

Autumn (16-17/5/11):

Upper Port Sublocation (2) UPBB, UPMW

Inner Harbour Sublocation (1) IHMB

Outer Harbor Sublocation (7) OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHNR, OHQS, OHSP

North Haven sublocation (2) NHEN, NHYC

Zooplankton tows

Zooplankton tows were 300m long. Sites sampled by Zooplankton tows and date ranges were:

Spring (11-18/11/10):


Inner Harbour Sublocation (5) IH20, IH27, IHD3, IHKB, IHMB

Outer Harbor Sublocation (20) OH10, OH12, OH16, OH19, OH20, OH22, OH24, OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHEN, OHLC, OHMC, OHNR, OHQS, OHSB, OHSP, OHSR, OHYS


Autumn (10-19/5/11):

Upper Port Sublocation (2) UPMW, UPBB

Inner Harbour Sublocation (5) IH20, IH27, IHD3, IHKB, IHMB

Outer Harbor Sublocation (20) OH08, OH10, OH12, OH15, OH16, OH19, OH22, OH24, OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHLC, OHMC, OHNR, OHQS, OHSB, OHSP, OHSR, OHYS


Phytoplankton tows

Phytoplankton tows were 200m long. Sites sampled by Phytoplankton tows and date ranges were:

Spring (16/11/10-9/12/10):


Inner Harbour Sublocation (4) IH20, IH27, IHKB, IHMB

4

Outer Harbor Sublocation (20) OH10, OH12, OH16, OH19, OH20, OH22, OH24, OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHEN, OHLC, OHMC, OHNR, OHQS, OHSB, OHSP, OHSR, OHYS


Autumn (16-19/5/11):

Upper Port Sublocation (1) UPMW

Inner Harbour Sublocation (3) IH20, IHD3, IHMB

Outer Harbor Sublocation (21) OH08, OH10, OH12, OH15, OH16, OH19, OH22, OH24, OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHEN, OHLC, OHMC, OHNR, OHQS, OHSB, OHSP, OHSR, OHYS

North Haven sublocation (1) NHYC

Beam trawls

Beam trawls were 500m long. Sites sampled by beam trawl and date ranges (note, beam trawls were only performed in Spring) were:

Spring (16/9/10-14/12/10):

Upper Port Sublocation (1) UPMB


Outer Harbor Sublocation (11) OH08, OH10, OH15, OH16, OH20, OH22, OHB1, OHB4, OHLC, OHMC, OHNR

North Haven sublocation (1) NHBR

Cores

Cores were collected by divers on the same dives as visual surveys were performed, therefore, coring sites are a subset of those sampled by diver visual surveys. Sites sampled by cores and date ranges were:

Spring (24/11/10-9/12/10):

Upper Port Sublocation (1) UPMB


Outer Harbor Sublocation (7) OHQS, OHYS, OHB6, OHB1, OHSR, OHSP, OHB8

North Haven sublocation (1) NHBR

Autumn (16-17/5/11):

Upper Port Sublocation (1) UPMW

Inner Harbour Sublocation (1) IHMB

Outer Harbor Sublocation (7) OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHNR, OHQS, OHSP


5

Traps

To detect target crab species, sample numbers from MDeT v1 were Spring: 24 hard substrate, 2 soft substrate, and Autumn: 1 hard substrate. In consultation with DAFF and the MDAP it was decided that fish traps would be deployed as per MDeT v2 rather than using snorkel visual surveys. Four fish traps were required per season. As sufficient traps were available for use it was decided to deploy both fish and crab traps simultaneously at all trap sites as well as sampling an additional two sites around Outer Harbor. Traps were deployed at North Haven with no reduction in sampling at Outer Harbor; hence, 33 traps were deployed in Spring, 28 on or around hard substrate and 5 on soft substrate, and 5 traps in Autumn all on or around hard substrate. Sites sampled by traps and date ranges were:

Spring (29/9/10-21/10/10):

Upper Port sublocation - Hard substrate (4) UPBB, UPMB, UPMW, UPPW

- Soft substrate (1) UPMW

Inner Harbour sublocation - Hard substrate (3) IH20, IHD3, IHMB

- Soft substrate (1) IHD3

Outer Harbor sublocation - Hard substrate (17) OH10, OH12, OH15, OH16, OH19, OH24, OHB1, OHB4, OHB6, OHB8, OHEN, OHMC, OHNR, OHQS, OHSB, OHSP, OHYS

- Soft substrate (1) OH10, OHSP

North Haven sublocation - Hard substrate (4) NHBR, NHEN, NHFM, NHYC

- Soft substrate (1) NHYC

Autumn (28-29/4/11) – Hard substrate:

Upper Port sublocation (1) UPMW

Inner Harbour sublocation (1) IHMB

Outer Harbor sublocation (2) OH22, OHB6


Dredges

Dredges were 100m long. Sites sampled by Dredge and date ranges were:

Spring (16/9/10-10/11/10):

Upper Port sublocation (2) UPPW, UPMB

Inner Harbour sublocation (2) IHD3, IHMB

Outer Harbor sublocation (13) OH08, OH10, OH15, OH16, OH20, OH22, OHB1, OHB4, OHEN, OHLC, OHMC, OHNR, OHYS


Autumn (28/4/11 – 3/5/11):

Upper Port sublocation (2) UPBB, UPMW

Inner Harbour sublocation (2) IH20, IH27

6

Outer Harbor sublocation (13) OH12, OH19, OH24, OHB1, OHB6, OHB8, OHEN, OHMC, OHQS, OHSB, OHSP, OHSR, OHYS


Current sample status

Laboratory sorting of all beam trawl, dredge, dive visual and trap samples from both seasons is complete. Algal specimens have been sent to the State Herbarium of SA for identification/verification. Phytoplankton samples and cores for dinoflagellates cysts have been sent to SASQAP for processing and identification. Zooplankton samples for PCR have been sent to SARDI molecular diagnostics for analysis. Most invertebrate specimens from beam trawl, dredge, dive visual and trap samples have been identified with the exception of 9 dredge and 3 diver visual samples.

Target species identified

The following target species have been identified: Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea, Caulerpa taxifolia, Sabella spallanzanii. Specimens that may be Codium fragile ssp. fragile (=tomentosoides) have been sent to the State Herbarium of SA for confirmation of their identity. Further occurrences may be found once all samples are processed/identified. All target species found so far are known to occur in Port Adelaide and were found within their known ranges. These are not, therefore, considered new incursions and no further action was taken. No abundant unknown species were detected. A summary of samples where target species were found is given below.

Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea was found in 16 dredge samples (6 Spring, 10 Autumn), 2 beam trawl samples (Spring), and 9 diver visual samples (4 Spring, 5 Autumn). Note that beam trawl and dredge samples may be of drift algae, but specimens collected by diver visual surveys were attached and growing at the location found. Sites and seasons where C. racemosa var. cylindracea was found were:


UPMB – Dredge (Spring)


IHD3 – Dredge and beam trawl (Spring)

IHMB – Dredge (Spring)


OH10 – Dredge (Spring)

OH16 – Beam trawl (Spring)

OH19 – Dredge (Autumn)


OHB1 – Dredge (Spring & Autumn), diver visual (Spring & Autumn)

7

OHB4 – Dredge (Spring), diver visual (Autumn)

OHB6 – Dredge (Autumn), diver visual (Spring & Autumn)

OHB8 – Dredge (Autumn), diver visual (Autumn)

OHEN– Dredge (Autumn)

OHQS– Dredge (Autumn)

OHSP– Dredge (Autumn), diver visual (Spring & Autumn)

OHSR – Dredge (Autumn), diver visual (Spring)

Caulerpa taxifolia Caulerpa taxifolia was found in 4 dredge samples (1 Spring, 3 Autumn). Note that these samples may be of drift algae. Sites and seasons where C. taxifolia was found were:


UPMB – Dredge (Spring)


OHB6 – Dredge (Autumn)

OHB8 – Dredge (Autumn)

OHQS– Dredge (Autumn)

Sabella spallanzanii Sabella spallanzanii was found in 8 dredge samples (3 Spring, 5 Autumn), 2 beam trawl samples (Spring), and 23 diver visual samples (11 Spring, 12 Autumn). Sites and seasons where S. spallanzanii was found were:


UPBB – Diver visual (Autumn)

UPMB – Diver visual (Spring)

UPMW – Diver visual (Autumn)

UPPW – Diver visual (Spring)


IH27 – Dredge (Autumn)

IHD3 – Dredge and diver visual (Spring)

IHMB – Dredge (Spring), diver visual (Autumn)



OH16 – Beam trawl (Spring)

OHB1 – Dredge (Spring), diver visual (Spring & Autumn)

OHB4 –Diver visual (Autumn)

8

OHB6 –Diver visual (Spring & Autumn)

OHB8 – Diver visual (Spring & Autumn)

OHEN– Dredge (Autumn)

OHNR – Beam Trawl (Spring), diver visual (Autumn)

OHQS– Diver visual (Spring & Autumn)

OHSP– Diver visual (Spring & Autumn)

OHSR – Dredge (Autumn)

OHYS – Dredge (Autumn), diver visual (Spring)

North Haven sublocation

NHBR – Diver visual (Spring)

NHEN – Diver visual (Autumn)

NHFM – Diver visual (Spring)

NHYC – Diver visual (Autumn)

Codium spp. Codium spp. were found in diver visual samples from NHBR (Spring) and NHEN (Autumn). Specimens have been sent to the State Herbarium of SA to determine if they are of the target species Codium fragile ssp. fragile.

Future reporting

On completion of all sample processing, identification and analyses a final monitoring report will be completed and submitted by the authors of the current report.

final monitoring report for the 2010-2011 marine pest ... · document reports the results of the...

Documents