final math

FOUNDATION IN NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT (FNBE)

MATHEMATIC [MTH30104]

PROJECT 2 : STATISTIC

Group Members : Goh Jia Jun 0323302

Alison Tang Ing Ee 0323705

Carol Tang Ngie Bing 0323963

Joey Lay Xin Jun 0323965

Joshua Lim Sie Khai 0323959

Vun Tze Lin 0323301

TABLE OF CONTENT

No Title Page Number

1 Introduction 1

2 Objectives 2

3 Methodology 3-4

4 Survey Questionnaires 5-7

5 Statistical Analysis 8-28

6 Conclusion 29

INTRODUCTION

Leukemia is a type of cancers that usually begin from the bone marrow and usually result in large numbers of abnormal white blood cells. Leukemia may lead to symptoms such as bleeding, bruising problems, feeling tired, fever and an increased risk of infections. The exact cause of leukemia is still unknown, those people with family history of leukemia will have a higher risk. Treatment may involve some combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy and bone marrow transplant. The successful of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the patient. According to record, the average five year survival rate in the US is 57%, children with age under 15 has higher survival rate which is greater than 60 to 85%, depends on the type of leukemia. In 2012, leukemia developed in 352,000 people globally and caused 265,000 deaths.

For this assignment, with a group of six members, Goh Jia Jun, Joshua Lim, Joey Lau, Rainnie Vun, Alison Tang and Carol Tang, we were assigned to study the understanding level of female and male students in Taylor’s University on one of the common chronic diseases in Malaysia, which we chose Leukemia for it, assuming Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (Malaysia Health Ministry) had engaged us to conduct a survey. After few meetings and done on the researches, we came out with 20 questions in total, and asking about the basic knowledge of Leukemia.

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OBJECTIVE

By conducting data and organizing report for this assignment, we had the opportunity to analyse and solve problems that involve various mathematical principles. This assignment also enables us to apply the knowledge gained to analyse statistical data and draw a perfect conclusion from the survey forms collected. It also allows us to understand and apply mathematical principles involved. While doing the researches to conduct the survey, we had the chance to understand more about Leukemia. Most importantly, the main purpose of doing this survey is to identify the understandings of people on the factors, effects and some basic knowledge of leukemia based on their own knowledge about it. We hope to create the awareness of people towards Leukemia as it is a quite common type of cancer in our country and may cause death.

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Methodology

Asking participates to fill up the survey form

Analyzing the survey forms

On 3rd of january, we started to distribute our questionate survey form around Taylo’s University Lakeside Campus. We distrinuted a total of 143 questinate form to female and 157 to male. Each of our group members was reponsible to distribute 50 pieces of the questionate survey form. We walk aourd the campus and went to the places such as the library, architecture studio which we found that a lot of FNBE students was doing their assignment at that time and asked for help to fill up the survey form for us.

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After we got back all the survey form, we start on analysis every answer we got, highlight the correct one and count the the number of students who got the correct answer and put the information we got into the poster.

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Survey Questionnaires

We are students from Foundation in Natural & Built Environment are conducting a survey to study the understanding level of male and female students in Taylor's University on one of the common

chronic disease, leukemia in Malaysia

1. What is your gender?⃝L Male L Female

2. What is leukemia?L Long term and gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember⃝L Cancer of the bone cells⃝L A joint disorderL Lack of calcium in bone

3. Have your family suffered from leukemia? L YesL No

4. Where are blood cells produced?⃝L Bone L Bone marrow ⃝L Brain L Heart

5. Which component of blood most often affected by leukemia?⃝L Red blood cell L Platelet⃝L White blood cell L Blood plasma

6. How many main component of blood is produced by bone marrow?⃝L 3 L 5⃝L 4 L 6

7. How many major type of leukemia is classified?⃝L 2 L 4 ⃝L 3 L 5

8. What are the symptoms of leukemia?L HeadacheL Pain in bones and joints L Blood is not able to clot normally⃝L Fever with chills and sweating ⃝L Frequent nosebleeds

9. Which type of leukemia are most common in children?

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⃝L Acute lymphocytic leukemia L Chronic lymphocytic leukemia⃝L Acute myeloid leukemia

10.Down syndrome will increase a child’s risk of developing leukemia? L Yes L No

11.People with a family history of leukemia will get a higher risk of developing leukemia?⃝L Yes L No

12.If one of the identical twin develops leukemia, what is the percentage of another twin will getting leukemia?L 20% L 40% L 30% L 50%

13.Which gender more likely to suffer from leukemia?⃝L Male L Both⃝L Female

14.Getting too much sun exposure will increase risk of leukemia?⃝L Yes L No

15.Is there any absolute way to prevent leukemia?L YesL No

16.Can leukemia be cured?L YesL No

17.Besides leukemia, is there any cancer that affect blood cells?⃝L Yes L No

18.What is Malaysia's ranking in death caused by leukemia?⃝L 18th L 36th⃝L 27th L 45th

19.Smoking will increase the risk of getting leukemia?

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⃝L Yes L No

20.Is it possible to get leukemia by sharing needles with somebody who has leukemia?⃝L Yes L No

Statistical Analysis

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1.What is your gender?

Gender Number of studentsFemale 143Male 157

Gender135

140

145

150

155

160

Gender

Female Male

Gender Number of Students

Long term and gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember

Cancer of the blood cells

A joint disorder

Lack of calcium in bone

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Female 5 131 5 2Male 20 120 6 11

2. What is leukemia?

Mode = Cancer of the blood cells

Long term and gradual decrease in time

Cancer of blood cells A joint disorder Lack of calcium in bone0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

What is leukemia?

Female Male

Leukemia is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.

Percentage of students who answered the question correctly

Female : 131 / 143 x 100% = 91.61%

Male : 120 / 157 x 100% = 76.43%

Total : 251 / 300 x 100% = 83.67%

3. Has your family member suffered from leukemia?

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GenderNumber of Students

Yes NoFemale 10 133Male 24 133

Yes No0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Have your family member suffered from leukemia?

Female Male

Percentage of students whose family member suffered from leukemia

Female : 10 / 143 x 100% = 6.9%

Male : 24 / 157 x 100% = 15.29%

Total : 34 / 300 x 100% = 11.33%

4. Where are blood cells produced?

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Bone Bone Marrow Brain HeartFemale 8 124 4 7Male 20 122 8 7

Mode : Bone Marrow

Bone Bone Marrow Brain Heart0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Where are blood cells produced?

Female Male

Leukemia is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.


Female : 124 / 143 x 100% = 86.71%

Male : 122 / 157 x 100% = 77.71%

Total : 246 / 300 x 100% = 82.00%

5. Which component of blood most often affected by leukemia?

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Red blood cell White blood cell Platelet Blood plasmaFemale 8 124 4 7Male 20 122 8 7

Mode : White blood cell

Red blood cell White blood cell Platelet Blood plasma0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Which component of blood most often af -fected by leukemia?

Female Male

Leukemia is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells. These white blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells.


Female : 121 / 143 x 100% = 84.62%

Male : 106 / 157 x 100% = 67.52%

Total : 227 / 300 x 100% = 75.67%

6. How many main component of blood is produced by bone marrow?

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3 4 5 6Female 71 42 21 9Male 86 32 22 17

Mode : 3

3 4 5 60

102030405060708090

100

How many main component of blood is produced by bone marrow?

Female Male

The two types of bone marrow are "red marrow" which consists mainly of hematopoietic tissue, and "yellow marrow’’ which is mainly made up of fat cells. Red blood cells, platelets , and most white blood cells arise in red marrow. Both types of bone marrow contain numerous blood vessels and capillaries.


Female : 71 / 143 x 100% = 49.65%

Male : 86 / 157 x 100% = 54.78%

Total : 157 / 300 x 100% = 52.33%

7. How many major type of leukemia is classified?

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2 3 4 5Female 48 36 50 9Male 60 62 24 11

Mode of female : 4Mode of male : 3

2 3 4 50

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

How many major type of leukemia is clas-sified?

Female Male

The four major types of leukemia are Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Acute myelogenous leukemia and Chronic myelogenous leukemia . Acute leukemia is characterized by a rapid increase in the number of immature blood cells. Chronic leukemia is characterized by the excessive buildup of relatively mature, but still abnormal, white blood cells.


Female : 50 / 143 x 100% = 34.97%

Male : 24 / 157 x 100% = 15.29%

Total : 74 / 300 x 100% = 24.67%

8. What are the symptoms of leukemia?

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headache Pain in bones and joints

Blood is not able to clot normally

Fever with chills and sweating

Frequent nosebleeds

Female 23 59 71 52 53Male 31 73 73 64 45

Mode : Blood is not able to clot normally

Headache Pain in bones and joint

Blood is not able to clot normally

Fever with chills and sweating

Frequent nosebleeds

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

What are the symptoms of leukemia?

Female Male

Leukemia results in the accumulation of cancer cells in the bone marrow and blood. The presence of large numbers of abnormal cells in the bone marrow can inhibit the marrow from producing normal healthy blood cells. These cause pain in bones and joints, fever with chills and sweating and frequent nosebleeds. Leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) can cause bone or joint pain, usually because the bone marrow has become overcrowded with cancer cells. At times, these cells may form a mass near the spinal cord's nerves or in the joints. Absent of blood cells cannot help the body fight infections and caused fever with chills. Sweating occurs because leukemia gives the patient a high temperature and their body sweats to try and reduce it. People with leukemia often have less than the normal amount of healthy red blood cells and platelets. As a result, there are not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen through the body. With this condition, called anemia, patients may look pale and feel weak and tired. When there are not enough platelets, patients bleed and bruise easily which cause nosebleeds easily.

Percentage of students who choose ‘Pain in bones and joints’ correctly

Female : 59 / 143 x 100% = 41.26%

Male : 73 / 157 x 100% = 46.50%

Total : 132 / 300 x 100% = 44.00%

Percentage of students who choose ‘Fever with chills and sweating’ correctly

Female : 52 / 143 x 100% = 36.36%

Male : 64 / 157 x 100% = 40.76%

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Total : 116 / 300 x 100% = 38.67%

Percentage of students who choose ‘Frequent nosebleeds’ correctly

Female : 53 / 143 x 100% = 37.06%

Male : 45 / 157 x 100% = 28.66%

Total : 98 / 300 x 100% = 32.67%

9. Which type of leukemia are most common in children?

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Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Female 83 32 28Male 80 38 39

Mode : Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Acute lymphocytic leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia Chronic lymphocytic leukemia0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Which type of leukemia are most common in children?

Female Male

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), the most common type of childhood leukemia, develops from early forms of lymphocytes. It can start in either early B cells or T cells at different stages of maturity. Although both B cells and T cells can develop into leukemia, B-cell leukemias are much more common than T-cell leukemias.


Female : 83 / 143 x 100% = 58.04%

Male : 80 / 157 x 100% = 50.96%

Total : 163 / 300 x 100% = 54.33%

10. Down syndrome will increase a child’s risk of developing leukemia?

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Mode : No

Yes No0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Which type of leukemia are most common in children?

Female Male

Some inherited disorders such as Down syndrome increase a child’s risk of developing leukemia . Children with Down syndrome have an extra (third) copy of chromosome 21. They are many times more likely to develop either acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) than are other children, with an overall risk of about 2% to 3%.


Female : 58 / 143 x 100% = 40.56%

Male : 57 / 157 x 100% = 36.31%

Total : 115 / 300 x 100% = 38.33%

11. People with a family history of leukemia will get a higher risk of developing leukemia?

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Mode : Yes

Yes No0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

People with a family history of leukemia will get a higher risk of developing leukemia?

Female Male

Most leukemias have no familial link but if one of the members of the family has been diagnosed with leukemia, the other members’ risk for the disease may be increased compared to others. Genetic risk factors are those that are part of our DNA. They are most often inherited from our parents.


Female : 125 / 143 x 100% = 87.41%

Male : 125 / 157 x 100% = 79.62%

Total : 250 / 300 x 100% = 83.33%

12. If one of the identical twins develops leukemia, what is the percentage of another twin will get leukemia?

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http://www.cancercenter.com/leukemia/


20% 30% 40% 50%Female 15 28 24 76Male 15 35 20 87

Mode : 50%

20% 30% 40% 50%0

102030405060708090

100

If one of the identical twin develops leukemia, what is the percentage of another twin will getting leukemia?

Female Male

The risk is much higher among identical twins. If one twin develops childhood leukemia, the other twin has about a 1 in 5 chance (20%) of getting leukemia as well. This risk is much higher if leukemia develops in the first year of life.


Female : 15 / 143 x 100% = 10.49%

Male : 15 / 157 x 100% = 9.55%

Total : 30 / 300 x 100% = 10.00%

13. Which gender more likely to suffer from leukemia?


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Male Female BothFemale 41 23 79Male 28 45 84

Mode : Both

Male Female Both0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Which gender more likely to suffer from leukemia?

Female Male

Leukemia occurs more often in men than women and is more common among white people than other races. Men are more likely to develop CML, CLL, and AML than women.


Female : 41 / 143 x 100% = 28.67%

Male : 28 / 157 x 100% = 17.83%

Total : 69 / 300 x 100% = 23.00%

14. Getting too much sun exposure will increase the risk of leukemia?

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Mode : No

Yes No0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Getting too much sun exposure will increase risk of leukemia?

Female Male

Getting too much UV radiation from the sun exposure is a one of the risk factors for getting leukemia. For more than 50 years, there has been documentation in the medical literature suggesting that regular sun exposure is associated with substantial decreases in death rates from certain cancers and a decrease in overall cancer death rates.


Female : 45 / 143 x 100% = 31.47%

Male : 53 / 157 x 100% = 33.76%

Total : 97 / 300 x 100% = 32.33%

15. Is there any absolute way to prevent leukemia?

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Mode : No

Yes No0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Is there any absolute way to prevent Leukemia?

Female Male

There is no way to prevent most forms of leukemia. In the future, genetic testing may help identify people who are more likely to develop the illness. Until then, close relatives of people with leukemia should have routine physical exams.


Female : 86 / 143 x 100% = 60.14%

Male : 89 / 157 x 100% = 56.69%

Total : 175/ 300 x 100% = 58.33%

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16. Can Leukemia can be cured?

Gender Number of studentsYes No

Female 87 56Male 90 67

Mode : Yes

Yes No0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Can Leukemia can be cured?

Female Male

Leukemia can be managed or cured with treatments available today. However, chronic leukemia can seldom be cured. Most patients with leukemia are treated with chemotherapy. Some also may have radiation therapy and/or bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or biological therapy.


Female : 87 / 143 x 100% = 60.84%

Male : 90 / 157 x 100% = 57.32%

Total : 177/ 300 x 100% = 59.00%

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17. Besides leukemia, is there any cancer that affect blood cells?

Gender Number of StudentsYes No


Mode : Yes

Yes No0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Besides Leukemia, is there any cancer that affect blood cells?

Female Male

Yes. There is another cancer besides Leukemia that affect the blood cells such as Lymphoma and Myeloma. Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which removes excess fluids from your body and produces immune cells and over time, these cancerous cells impair your immune system. . While, Myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cells that affect the fighting antibodies in the body leaving your body's immune system weakened and susceptible to infection.


Female : 111 / 143 x 100% = 77.62%

Male : 123 / 157 x 100% = 78.34%

Total :234 / 300 x 100% = 78.00%

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18. What is Malaysia's ranking in death caused by leukemia?

Gender Number of Students18th 27th 36th 45th

Female 31 48 42 22Male 36 57 38 26

Mode : 27th

18th 27th 36th 45th0

10

20

30

40

50

60

What is Malaysia's ranking in death caused by Leukemia?

Female Male

The Malaysia’s ranking in death caused by Leukemia is 27 th in Malaysia .


Female : 48 / 143 x 100% = 33.57%

Male : 57 / 157 x 100% = 36.31%

Total : 105 / 300 x 100% = 35.00%

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19. Will smoking increase the risk of getting leukemia?



Mode : No

Yes No0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Smoking will increase the risk of getting leukemia?

Female Male

Smoking cigarettes can increase your risk of developing leukaemia. Researchers estimate that smoking doubles or triples your risk of AML. But the risk quickly drops if you stop smoking. Smoking may account for up to 17 out of 100 cases (17%) of myeloid leukaemia. There is benzene in cigarette smoke and this is likely to be a significant cause.


Female : 56 / 143 x 100% = 39.16%

Male : 65 / 157 x 100% = 41.40%

Total :121 / 300 x 100% = 40.33%

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20. Is it possible to get leukemia by sharing needles with somebody who has leukemia?



Mode : No

Yes No0

102030405060708090

100

Is it possible to get Leukemia by sharing needles with somebody who has leukemia?

Female Male

No. Scientists have proved that Leukemia and other cancer cannot be spread from one person to another.


Female : 81 / 143 x 100% = 56.64%

Male : 92 / 157 x 100% = 58.60%

Total :173 / 300 x 100% = 57.67%

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Conclusion

After gathering and tabulating the data gathered from all 300 survey forms, it was concluded that, based on the students in Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus, 91.61% of female participants understand about what leukemia is while only 76.43% of male understand what is leukemia. This showed that female participants got the greatest understanding about leukemia when compare to male participants. From the questions asked in the survey, it was found that question 12, which was about what is the percentage of another twin will get leukemia if one of the identical twin develops leukemia , and question 13, which was about which gender more likely to suffer from leukemia, proved to be questions that were the most common to be answered incorrectly by majority of the participants. For question 12, only 10.49% of female participants got it right, while only 9.55% of male participants got the correct answer. For question 13, the data showed that 28.6% of female participants got the question right and only 17.83% of male participants got it right. This shows that both male and female students from Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus were lacking the knowledge in this sector. To improve student’s knowledge through leukemia, it would be recommended to do some campaigns about leukemia disease.

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