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8/17/2019 Final Jurnal

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JURNAL TEKNIK POMITS Vol. 2, No. 1, (2014) ISSN: 2337-353 (2301-271 P!"#$)

Abstrak— PT Badak merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bisnis LNG. Sekarang ini PT Badak bermaksud akan

mengembangkan pengoperasian transportasil LNG carrier di terminal LNG bontang. PT Badak mempunyai rencana akan

membeli satu escort tug yang akan digunakan sebagai pengganti escort tug lama. Escort tug ini akan digunakan pada proses LNG,

khususnya dalam proses bersandar dan lepasnya LNG carrier ke

dan dari dermaga PT Badak NGL Bontang. Dalam rangkamendukung pengadaan tug ini, sudah dilakukan penelitian

mengenai perormance maupun nilai ekonomis dari masing!masing pilihan escort tug serta bahan bakar yang akan dipakai

escort tug pada "aktu beroperasi. Pada penelitian ini #uga sudahdianalisa bagaimana cara pengadaan escort tug, dengan

membangun bangunan baru atau menye"a. Data untuk melakukan pemilihan diperoleh dari sur$ey literatur yang

tersedia di domain publik kemudian dilakukan perbandingan

antara data!data yang didapat, lalu diproses denganmempertimbangkan engineering #udgement penulis dalam

menentukan tingkat kepentingan dan pemilihan tug menggunakan analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Pada

penelitian ini #uga sudah dilakukan analisa biaya dan kandunganbahan bakar untuk menentukan bahan bakar yang dipakai dan

analisa in$estasi untuk di#adikan bahan pertimbangan dalammemilih cara pengadaan escort tug. Setelah dilakukan

serangkaian pemilihan menggunakan %&P dan analisa pada

bahan bakar serta analisa in$estasi didapatkan hasil bah"a tipeescort tug yang akan dipakai adalah rotor tug. Sedangkan #enis

bahan bakar yang akan dipakai dan cara pengadaan yang dipilihadalah natural gas dan membangun bangunan baru.

'ata 'unci — Escort Tug, T%&#"' # E&o#o*"'

I.PENDAHULUAN

%!*"#l LN+ *%!&# '"l"$' $ $%*$ "*#

/' l* l* %#$& "! "! &% %#$& /''%$%l %#/"!"*# *%ll" l$ !" !% !o&'"ol% &l LN+. T%!*"#l "#" *%*#" 4 (%*$) #/'"$* "$ *%#%!"* &l LN+ # *%#*#/*$##, *%#"*# LN+ l* cryogenic tank #/** *%## ' " -10 6, regasifying LN+,# %#l!# /' &% 8!"#/# $!#'*"'" #'"o#l. 9"$%!*"#l LN+, &l LN+ " $*$&# &% %!*/ o#/&! *$ "*# " &'' #/ "/#&# #$& *%#$!#'%! *$# !" &l &% $#/&" %#"*##. P""#" " "!##/ &'' #$& *%## %%& embrittling &!%# ' %&'$!"* -10 6. P **# !o'%' $!#'%! "#" *%*%!l&# &$ 12 8*.

T

S$ "#" PT & N+L '%#/ *%l&&#

%#/%*#/# " $%!*"#l LN+#, "*# l $%!'%$ 8/!' *%*%!$"&# %#"#/&$# %!*"#$# LN+. 9%#/## %#"#/&$# $%!'%$ &# *%#"#/&$ l !'*$# LN+ !" &l LN+ &% $%!*"#l. U#$& *%*#$

$!#'o!$'" "#", PT & N+L *%*#" '"l"$' escort tug #/ %!#/'" '%/" %*# &l LN+ '%"#//$ %!$*$ " %!*/ # *%*#$ *%#/"&$ $l"-$l"&l " bresthing dolphin # mooring dolphin. Escort tug #/ "*"l"&" %!'# /' l* o#$#/ l 7 tug #/ '$ "#" ' $"& l& #$& "o%!'"&# "%!*/ o#$#/. ;l "#" *%*&' %!'# #/

%!/%!& " "'#"' /' l* "#" #$& *%#"#/&$&# %!o!* %#/o%!'"# " $%!*"#l /' #/ "*"l"&"# %#/#*%l&&# %#/%*#/# %*#/## # %#/o%!'"# escort tug " %!*/ PT & N+L.

9l* %#/o%!'"# " $%!*"#l LN+ "$&#escort tug #/ $ *%l&&# o%!'" #/ *# #*%#8*"# &%'%l*$#. K%**# %!*#<%! escort tug *%!&# '$ l #/ "%!l&#, l "#" $"& l%'!" %!# # #/'" !" escort tug l* *%## &lLN+. U#$& '% $%!*"#l, &%*## # &%'%l*$#*%!&# '% l #/ '#/$ %#$"#/ &!%# $%!*"#lLN+ # &l LN+ *%*"l"&" $"#/&$ '%#'"$"<"$' #/ $"#//"$%! $!&# *# '%#$# '$ *%!$.

S%#/ %#/# l $%!'%$ "$' *& &#"l&&# &8"# $%&#"' # %&o#o*"' tug !" %%! 8%#"'harbour tug "$ Voith Water Tractor , Azimuth Stern Drie,

!otor Tug , Tractor "lus $%!*'& %*"l"# # &! #$! "%'%l # LN+ #$& " o%!'"&# " $%!*"#l LN+o#$#/ '%!$ ! %#/##. M%#/"#/$ %#%l"$"#'%%l*# #/ "l&&# To*', 2011 #/ %!8l=S$" Ko*!'" T%&#"' # E&o#o*"' 9 J%#"';!o! T/ "$ Voith Water Tractor # Azimuth Stern

Drie Tug l* %#//### " $%!*"#l LN+ M!K!#/= # *%*#"#/&# 8%#"' harbour tug '8# %l* *%l&&# #l"' $%! # &! '%!$ ! %#/# escort tug#

II. DASAR TEORI

A.ASD (Azimuth Stern Drive)

AS9 tug *%!&# tug %#/# '"'$%* !ol'" #/ %!"%l&#/ '* '%%!$" &l #o!*l l"#, #*# " $#/ %!/%!& 306. P!ol'" $*# $%!"!" !" #"$azimuth propeller #/ *%*"l"&" kort$nozzle namun $ %!/%!& 306 '%"#// &l *%*"l"&" *#%<%! #/#l. %'!# propeller force *o%l "!o"#*"& ""$#/ %!'!&# $o!'" %*$ &!# # &!</ o!o#/ $%!*'& #/ "'%&# ol% l"!# #/*'& propeller . S"'$%* !ol'" "#" *%*%!"&#

turning circles #/ &%"l # %#/%#$"# &l %#/# 8!& #/ %&$.

K8"# T%&#"' # E&o#o*"' Escort Tug #$& T%!*"#l LN+ : S$" K'' PT &

>!%#& N/! # I!. ?'"' 9" A!#, M.S., P.9.

J!'# T%&#"& P%!&l#, >&l$' T%&#olo/" K%l$#, I#'$"$$ T%&#olo/" S%l No%*%! (ITS)Jl. A!"% R*# ;&"*, S! 0111 I#o#%'"

e$mail : '"'@#."$'.."

1




+*! II.1 AS9

B.VWT (Vith W!ter Tr!"tr)

Voith %ater tractor l '% tug #/ '#/$ %!% %#/# $"% tug l"## '% tug %#/# &o#'%*%#!"& # #"&, $%!"!" !" l*#/ &l #/ !%l$" $!, Vo"$ S#%"%! P!o%ll%! (VSP), %l"##/ l"#/- l"#/ # "#. K% VSP, %l"##/ l"#/-l"#/ # "#*%!&# %l%*%# &$" "!o"#*"', *%!%& *%#"$&#/ #/&$ "!o"#*"& '%l* %!o%!'". S%l* $%'"#, '#/$ %#$"#/ #$& *%**" %#/! !"*'"#/-*'"#/ /"# %!"l& $!"&#, *"'l# fin#/ *%*#" %#/! $%! &%&$# &%*",

'$"l"$', # %!"l& rolling tug , $%$" &%**#*%*$! *%#!#.

+*! II.2 V?T

#.Tr!"tr P$u%

T!$o! l' *%!&# tug %#/# "#'$l'" /#/# #$!V?T %#/# AS9. Tug "#" *%*#" oith schneider

propeller, '$ azimuth stern drie thruster , # *o""&'"'&%/. 9%#/# '"'$%* !ol'" #/ "*"l"&" $!$o! l'** *%#!"& &l %#/# &!# #/ %'!. T!$o! l' 8/ *%*#" &%&$# $!"&# #/ %'! /"# %# *# %l&#/. 9%#/# # "#o<'" $!$o! l' "#" $%!8" %#"#/&$# $!"&# '%%'! 53 /"# %# # %l&#/ "#"#/&# conentional tug . S%l"# "$ %#/# *%*o""&'" '"'$%* !ol'" "#",$%!8" %#"#/&$# side thrust $!$o! l' '%%'! 2.

+*! II.3 T!$o! Pl'

D.Rtr Tu&

Ro$o! $/ *%!&# harbour tug %#/# "#<o'" !" AS9#/ *# *%*#" $"/ Azimuth "ropeller . Tug "#"*%*#" Azimuth "ropeller /"# l# #

'$ Azimuth "ropeller " /"# !"$#. 9%#/# ''## !ol'" #/ "*"l"&"#, !o$o! $/ *%*#" *#<%! #/ /' # bollard pull #/ $"#//" !" AS9 #V?T tug# S%! /!"' %'! Ro$o! T/ *%*#"

performance #/ *"! '* %#/# Tractor "lus, #'8 8%#"' P!ol'" #/ "&" %!%. Ro$o! tug *%*#" &%#//l# l* l %!*#<%! &''#l* l *%#" &%%$# #/ "'!$&# !"conentional tug "$ $ *%#" &%%$# #/"'!$&# &$ *%*# LN+ $#&%! # l*&$ 5 '*" 7 *%#"$, '%#/&# conentional tug *%*%!l&# &$ l%" !" 10 *%#"$ #$& *%#" &$

#/ "'!$&#. S%l"# "$ l* l bollard pull , !o$o! $/ 8/ *%*#" &%#//l# "$ $"/ !o$o! $/ $*%#%"&# $%#/ $!"&# #/ '* %'!# %#/#%*$ conentional tug .

+*! II.4 Ro$o! T/

E.Pemi$ih!n 'en&!n AHP

9l* *%$o% A;P "l&&# l#/&-l#/& '%/" %!"&$ (K!' S!" # Al" R*#", 1B) :. M%#%"#"'"&# *'l # *%#%#$&# 'ol'" #/

""#/"#&#. . M%*$ '$!&$! "%!!&" #/ "l" %#/# $8#

$*.. M%*$ *$!"& %!#"#/# %!'#/# #/

*%#//*!&# &o#$!"'" !%l$" $ %#/! '%$"%l%*%# $%! $8# $ &!"$%!" #/ '%$"#/&$ "$'#.

. M%l&&# M%#%"#"'"&# %!#"#/# %!'#/#'%"#// "%!ol% 8*l %#"l"# '%l!# '%#&

# C D(#-1)2F , %#/# # l #&# %l%*%##/ "#"#/&#.

S&l %!#"#/# %!#"#/# %!'#/# #*&## #/ "%!&%#l&# ol% S$ "' "l"$ " . I#$%#'"$' K%%#$"#/#1G K% %l%*%# '* %#$"#/#, 9 %l%*%# *%*#" %#/! #/ '* %'!3G El%*%# #/ '$ '%"&"$ l%" %#$"#/ !" %l%*%##/ l"##, P%#/l*# # %#"l"# '%"&"$ *%#o&o#/'$ %l%*%# "#"#/&# %l%*%# #/ l"##5G El%*%# #/ '$ l%" %#$"#/ !" #/ l"##,P%#/l*# # %#"l"# '#/$ &$ *%#o&o#/ '$%l%*%# "#"#/&# %l%*%# #/ l"##

7G S$ %l%*%# 8%l' l%" *$l& %#$"#/ !" %l%*%#l"##, S$ %l%*%# #/ &$ "'o&o#/ # o*"##$%!l"$ l* !&$%&.G S$ %l%*%# *$l& %#$"#/ !" %l%*%# l"##,&$" #/ *%#&#/ %l%*%# #/ '$ $%! %l%*%#l"# *%*%l"&" $"#/&$ %#%/'# $%!$"#//" #/ *#/&"#*%#/$&#.2,4,,BG N"l"-#"l" #$! #"l" %!$"*#/#- %!$"*#/# #/ %!%&$#, N"l" "#" "%!"&# "l &o*!o*" " #$! 2 "l"# K%l"&# G J"& #$& &$"<"$' " *%#$ '$ #/& "#"#/ %#/# &$"<"$' 8,*& 8 *%*#" #"l" &%l"&## "#"#/ %#/# ".%. M%#/"$#/ #"l" %"/%# # *%#/8" &o#'"'$%#'"#. J"& $"& &o#'"'$%# *& %#/*"l# $ "l#/".. M%#/l#/" l#/& 3,4, # 5 #$& '%l! $"#/&$

"!!&"./. M%#/"$#/ <%&$o! %"/%# !" '%$" *$!"&' %!#"#/#

%!'#/#

2




. M%*%!"&' &o#'"'$%#'" "!!&". Ko#'"'$%#'" !' "$ '* %#/# 0.1

+*! II.5 S&%* %*"l"# %#/# A;P

III. ETODOLOIP /"# "#" &# "!"&# %%! &%/"$# #/"l&&# l* %#%l"$"# !" l (%#/*l# $)'*" &"! %*'# %#/# "$&## &%'"*l# %'%!$ *%$o% %*%# #/ "&" l* %#%l"$"# "#".

A.T!h!* Pen&um*u$!n D!t!

U#$& *%#/&# %#%l"$"# "$&# !o'%' %#/*l# $ #/ ##$"# &# "/#&# #$& #l"' %#%l"$"#. 9$ #/ "'"l&# "%!ol% !"literature, paper , # 8!#l.

B.T!h!* Pen&$!h!n D!t!

T %#/ol# $ $%!"!" !" $"% "$ '$"&o*!$" # !*%$!"&. %!"&$ %#8%l'# !" $-$ $%!'%$ :

1. S%$%l *%#/*l&# $ !" %!/" '*%! &%*"# $ $%!'%$ "ol '%"#// $%!l"$ %!%# #$! %%! 8%#"' $/ o$ #/ &#"/#&# PT & $%!'%$ l* %%! $olo& &! #$! l"# :

• &aneuer

• 'ollard pull

• Safe to%ing

• To%ing oer stern

• To%ing oer bo%

• Safe connecting to stern

• Safe connecting to bo%

• " P%*#/##

• " O%!'"o#l

2. P%*"l"# escort tug *%#//#&# Analytical (ierarchy "rocess ) A;P)

H#/ %!l "l&&# '$ *%l&&# #l"' A;P(Saaty, T .L. 10),"$ :

1. M%#%#$&# $8# A;P '%! &%'%l!#.

T8# A;P %#%l"$"# "#" l *%l&&# %*"l"# 8%#"' $/ #/ $%$ #$& *%*#$ %#/o%!'"# LN+ $#&%!.

2. M%#%#$&# $o! #/ %!%!# l* %#/*"l# &%$'# ( Decision &aking ) .

A&$o! #/ %!%!# l* %#/*"l# "#"l o%ner ad*udgement #/ "&"l" ol% %#l"'.

3. M%#%#$&# &!"$%!" #/ %!l"%!$"*#/&# #$& *%#" $8# ( goal ).K!"$%!" #/ "%!$"*#/&# l

"erformance, 8%#"' # &!, # P%#/#&l.

4. M%#%#$&# '-&!"$%!" #/ %! " $"#/&$ '%$%l &!"$%!".5. M%#%#$&# alternatie #/ "/#&# #$&

*%#" $8# "$ V?T, AS9, $ T!$o! Pl'.

. M%l&&# <!"'" #"l" %!#"#/# %!'#/# $"#/&$ &!"$%!".

7. M%l&&# %!#"#/# %!'#/# $"#/&$ '-&!"$%!" *%#//#&# *udgement %!'!&# $ #/ "%!ol%.

B. M%l&&# %!#"#/# '%$"alternatie *%#//#&# oo$ #/ "$!" %!#"#/#.

. M%l&&# %!"$#/# A;P

IV. ANALISIS DAN PEBAHASAN

A.Pemi$ih!n Escort Tug 'en&!n AHP

Perhitun&!n +!,tr Pem--t!n untu, ,riteri! ut!m!

9l* *%l&&# %*"l"# *%#//#&# A;P l#/& %!$* #/ "l&&# l *%*%!"&# %#"l"# !"$%!" $* *# ' &!"$%!" #/ &# "/#&#l* %*"l"#.

T%l IV.1 M$!"&' >&$o! P%*oo$# K!"$%!" U$*

"erformanceA#l"'%&o#o*"'

"erformance 1 3

A#l"'%&o#o*"' 0.333 1

1.333 4

T%l IV.2 M$!"&' >&$o! P%*oo$# S&!"$%!" A#l"'E&o#o*"'

A#l"' %&o#o*"'" %*#/## " S%

"P%*#/## 1 0.333

" O%!'"o#l 3 1

4 1.333

T%l " $' *%!&# o#$o !" %*%!"# oo$ criteria $* # '&!"$%!".

Perhitun&!n !,tr ev!$u!%i untu, %u-,riteri!

P /"# "#" &# "l&&# %!#"#/# %!'#/# %*$ $"% &l (AS9, V?T, T!$o! Pl', # Ro$o! $/) #$& '%$" '&!"$%!" !" *'"#/-*'"#/ &!"$%!"$*.

3




T%l IV.3 M$!"&' &$o! E<l'" S&!"$%!" "O%!'"o#l

AS9 V?TT!$o!Pl' Ro$o! T/

AS9 1 3 4 0.5

V?T 0.333 1 2 0.333T!$o!Pl' 0.25 0.5 1 0.2

Ro$o! T/ 2 3 5 1

3.5B3 7.5 12 2.033

T%l " $' *%!&# o#$o 'l '$ %!#"#/# %!'#/# '&!"$%!" " o%!'"o#l. S%$%l'%* %l%*%# ""'" *& $ $%!&"! &# "l&&# %!"$#/# oo$.

T%l IV.4 P%!"$#/# oo$ Ro$o! T/ K!"$%!"A#l"' E&o#o*"'

Rtr Tu&

&$o!%<l'"

&$o! oo$

oo$%<l'"

"P%*#/## 0.244 0.25 0.01"O%!'"o#l 0.4 0.75 0.34

0.411

T%l IV.5 oo$ To$l Ro$o! T/

Rtr Tug &$o!%<l'"

&$o

! oo$ oo$ To$l

"erformance 0.34 0.75 0.273

N"l"E&o#o*"' 0.411 0.25 0.103

0.37

T%l " $' *%!&# o#$o $%l %!"$#/# oo$.9%#/# *%#/"$#/ oo$ '%* &!"$%!" *&"$&# '"l '%/" %!"&$ :Ro$o! $/ %#/# oo$ 0.37 $ 37., $!$o! l' 0.31$ 31., AS9 0.17 $ 17., # V?T 0.12B $12.B.

B.An!$i%! -!h!n -!,!r

9l* %#%l"$"# "#" *%'"# #/ "&" l *%'"#%#/# *%!& Roll' Ro% "$ *%'"# %#/# *%#//#&# # &! /' # # &! "%'%l. A#l"' %!#"#/# "#" "l&&# # %#/# *%*#"#/&# %!&"!# " #/ "&%l!&# "l *%*&" &% 8%#"' # &! .A %%! &o*o#%# #/ $ %!%#/! l**%#%#$&# #"l" !" &o#'*'" # &! #$! l"# %'! &'"$' *%'"# #/ "/#&# %#/# *'' 8%#"' # &!#.Ko#'*'" # &! (l$!!) G D Engine Size (K?) C S>O(/&?.!) F 9%#'"$ (/*3)

9%#/# *%#//#&# !*' '%%!$" "$', *& $"$%#$&# &o#'*'" '%$" # &! *%'"# #/"&". 9l* $/' &"! "#", &o*o#%# S>O $%l"$%#$&# &$lo/ *%'"# M9O "$ 1B5 (/&?.!) #LN+ '%%'! 7 (/&?.!).

T%l IV.4 Ko%"'"%# l* *%#%#$# &o#'*'" # &!

'%$%l *%#$&# &o%%'"%#-&o%%'"%# #/ "$&##$& *%#/%$" # &! *# #/ l%" &o#'*$",

*& ""$#/ %! &o#'*'" # &! *%'"# %! 8*#.

T%l IV.5 P%!#"#/# &o#'*'" # &!

!% DO

/n%um%i

357.8

543.7 l$!!

9!" &o#'*'" # &! "$', &# ""$#/ %! %#/%l!# " '%l* '$ $# %#/# %!&"!# &l %!o%!'" '%l* 3 8* %! !". 9%#/# %'$"*'" !/ /'# M9O l R. 3570 # R. B24B.

T%l IV. " # &! l* &$ 1 $#

Gas Diesel

Biaya yangdikeluarkan(1th)

Rp1,398,772,053

Rp4,910,845,921

!% DO

E0T1PE N+ 9IESEL

E0ER/ Roll Ro% Roll Ro%

BHP 2430 250 &?

E0+UEL LN+ M9O

S+O# 7 1B5 /&?! DENSIT1 0.455 0.B71 $o#*

E0#ONS 0.25B 0.372 *!

4




9!" $%l " $' $ &"$ '"*l&# %#//##/' '%/" # &! l%" *%#/#$#/&# '%! 8#/&

#8#/

"#"#/&# *%#//#&# # &! "%'%l.

#.Pemi$ih!n "!r! *en&!'!!n ,!*!$ (-!n&un!n -!ru !t!u%e2!)

P %!"$#/# "#" &# "**&# '%o!#/o%ner

*%#/"#<%'$'"&# #/# #$& *%*#/# '% &l#/ "&%*"# !" &l $%!'%$ 8/ &# "'%&#.P %!"$#/# "#" &# "l"$&# %'$"*'" %! "o%!'"o#l &l *%l"$" " %/", " %!$## %!"&#, " %!l%#/&# &o#'*'", " '!#'"# " *"#"'$!'".

T%l IV.7 9$ l &%#/# Ro$o! T/

T%l IV.7 *%!&# $%l $ l &%#/# !o$o! $/,"*# $%l IV.7 "'&%#!"o&# '%o!#/ o#%!

*%*#" *ol #/ 25 !" %!"$#/# !/ &l # "#8*# !" #& '%%'! 75 !" !/ &l %#/# 8#/& &$ *%*"#8* 10 $# '%!$ #/ 10 %! $#. S%#/&# $%l IV.B *%!&# $%l "#<%'$'" %*#/## !o$o! $/ l* 8#/& &$ 20 $#. T%lIV.B ##$"# &# "8"&# '! #$& *%#/%$"&%l&# *# &%#$#/# #/ "' "$ !" %*#/## &l. 9!" $%l IV.B 8/ $ "$*"l&# " !$%! $%! IRR.

+*! IV.1 +!"& charter per day %#/# IRR Ro$o! T/

IRR *%!&# l8 %#/%*l"# !" '%!#/&"# &%/"$#cash flo% #/ "l&&# '%l* 20 $#. S%*"'l &$'%o!#/ o%ner *%#%$&# " charter '%%'! 4,70.57oll! %! l# *& #"l" IRR l 10, l "#"*%!%'%#$'"&# %#/# " charter 4,70.57 oll! *& o%ner &# *%#$&# &%#$#/# '%$%l 20 $#'%%'! 10 $ %#/# &$ l"# *%#$&# &%#$#/#'%%'! #/ #& #/ "&%#&#.

9%#/# *%*%!$"*#/&# $%l net cash flo% # $%l " !$%! $%! #"l" IRR $ "#l"' /"*#&%#$#/# '%!$ !"'"&o "l *%l&&# %#/# &l%#/# ! #/## ! $# '%.

+apital cost #/## ! :

• ;!' *%#/%l!&# #/ '%%'! 25 !"

%!"$#/# " #/## ! #$& "8"&#*ol l

• ;!' *%*"#8* #/ '%%'! 75 !" %!"$#/#

" #/## ! &% #& +apital cost '% :

• T"& %!l *%#/%l!&# " *ol

%*#/##

• T"& %!l *%*"#8* #/ &% #& #$&

&%%!l# %*#/## &l

K%#$#/# #/## ! :

DATA/ETERANAN SATUAN

JENIS KAPAL Rotor tug

Harga Kapal7,758,143.

3 !S"

Harga Kapal93,097,723,

57 Rp

#u$gaP%$&a'a$ 10( ) ta*u$

+oal A-al 1,939,53 !S"

P%$&a'a$ 5,818,08 !S"

Ja$ga-atup/'aara$ 10 ta*u$

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DA+TAR PUSTA/A

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I/l%'"', S#$"/o. 2005. +oncept and 4peration &ode of The Adance Electronic +ontrol System of The Azimuth "ropeller in Tugs. Jo!#l o M!"$"*% R%'%!.

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for D" controlled essels. +%!*#:#*" o'"$"o#"#/ o**"$%.

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J#'%#, *!"#'. 2012. Safe Escorting Duties"ut in perspectie. T% A!$ o T/#olo/' P%!.

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P!o Sl%#/&%. 200. 'uku A*ar Ekonomi Teknik . P!o/!* S$" K%$%&#"&#P%!$#"# >&l$' P%!$#"# U#'.

l"%/, >!#'. 200. Deelopment of +alculation "rogram for Escort /orces of Stern Drie tug 'oats. ;oll#: 1$ I#$%!#$"o#l T/ #Sl</% o#<%#$"o#.

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S!", K!' # R*#", M. Al" (1B), Sistem "endukung 5eputusan Suatu Wacana Struktural .dealisasi 8 .mplementasi 5onsep "engambilan 5eputusan, R%*8 Ro'&!, ##/.

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P%!.

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