final ap review flash cards. compare/contrast a direct democracy with an indirect democracy...
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Final AP Review
Flash Cards
Compare/contrast a direct democracy with an indirect democracy (republicanism).
Marxist View
Power Elite View
Bureaucratic View
Pluralist View
Compare and Contrast the Political Theories of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
Explain how the Declaration of Independence incorporated some of the ideas of John Locke.
Describe some of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
How did Shays’ Rebellion show some of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Factions
Federalist Papers
Federalist #10
Federalist #51
Great (Connecticut) Compromise
3/5ths Compromise
Describe the meaning of the Following Constitutional Principle, AND provide an example of that principle from the
Constitution:POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
Describe the meaning of the Following Constitutional Principle, AND provide an example of that principle from the
Constitution:LIMITED GOVERNMENT
Describe the meaning of the Following Constitutional Principle, AND provide an example of that principle from the
Constitution:SEPARATION OF POWERS
Describe the meaning of the Following Constitutional Principle, AND provide an example of that principle from the
Constitution:CHECKS AND BALANCES
Describe the meaning of the Following Constitutional Principle, AND provide an example of that principle from the
Constitution:JUDICIAL REVIEW
Marbury v. Madison
Describe the meaning of the Following Constitutional Principle, AND provide an example of that principle from the
Constitution:FEDERALISM
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Bill of Attainder
Ex Post Facto Laws
Full Faith and Credit Clause
Supremacy Clause
Elastic Clause
Commerce Clause
Why did many states want the US Constitution to include a Bill of Rights?
Describe how the following court cases shaped the evolution of the Bill of Rights:
Barron v. Baltimore (1833) Gitlow v. New York (1925)
1st Amendment
2nd Amendment
3rd Amendment
4th Amendment
5th Amendment
6th Amendment
7th Amendment
8th Amendment
9th Amendment
10th Amendment
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
16th Amendment
17th Amendment
19th Amendment
24th Amendment
25th Amendment
26th Amendment
Process for Amending the Constitution
Definitions and Examples of Linkage Institutions
Definition and Example of Expressed Powers
Definition and Example of Implied Powers
Definition and Example of Inherent Powers
Definition and Example of Reserved Powers
Definition and Example of EXCLUSIVE Powers
Definition and Example of CONCURRENT Powers
McCulloch v. Maryland
Gibbons v. Ogden
Categorical Grants v. Block Grants
Unfunded Mandates
Devolution
What makes a Poll accurate?
Why should politicians follow polls?
Why shouldn’t politicians follow polls?
Political Efficacy
Internal vs. External Efficacy
Voters v. Non-Voters
PACs
Soft Money vs. Hard Money
527 Organizations
Independent Expenditures
SuperPACs
Buckley v. Valeo
FEC
Citizens United v. FEC
McCain-Feingold Act (BCRA)
Primary Elections
Open Primary vs. Closed Primary vs. Blanket Primary
Why do many states try to hold their primaries/caucuses as early as possible?
(“frontloading”)
How do caucuses differ from primaries?
Describe what occurs at conventions.
Delegates
Superdelegates
Reasons for Incumbency Advantage
Describe the pros and cons of being an incumbent presidential candidate.
Why do members in the House of Representatives tend to have a higher re-
election rate than do members in the Senate?
Reapportionment, Redistricting, Malapportionment, Gerrymandering
Congressional vs. Presidential Elections
Single-Member Districts
Marginal vs. Safe Districts
Briefly explain how the Electoral College works
Why do we have the Electoral College?
Political Party
Functions of a Political Party
Why do we have a 2 party system?
Roles of Minor Parties
National Party Organization
Party Decline: How do we know?
Party Decline: Reasons
Party Identification Patterns: GENDER
Party Identification Patterns: RACE
Party Identification Patterns: EDUCATION
Party Identification Patterns: OCCUPATION
Party Identification Patterns: AGE
Party Identification Patterns: RELIGION
Party Identification Patterns: GEOGRAPHIC REGION
Party Realignment
Critical Elections
Interest Groups vs. Political Parties
Types of Interest Groups
Activities of Interest Groups
Iron Triangle vs. Issue Network
NRA
NAACP
NARAL
PETA
Sierra Club
AARP
NOW
ACLU
Media’s Role in Politics
Horserace Journalism
House Leadership
Senate Leadership
Congressional Committees
Why are committees more important/powerful in the HoR than in the Senate?
Standing, Joint, Select, & Conference Committees
House Rules Committee
House Ways and Means Committee
Appropriations Committee
Floor Action: HoR vs. Senate
Filibuster & Cloture
How a Bill becomes a Law
Constitutional Requirements to be President
Roles of the President: Description and Examples
Levels of Executive Branch
White House Staff
EOP
OMB
Executive Departments
Independent Agencies
Types of Independent Agencies
Quasi-Legislative and Quasi-Judicial powers of Independent Regulatory Commissions
National Security Council
Why do we have a Bureaucracy?
Merit System vs. Spoils System
Problems of Bureaucracy
Congressional Checks on Bureaucracy
Presidential Checks on Bureaucracy
SC Checks on Bureaucracy
Types of Federal Courts
Types of Jurisdiction and which courts have which types.
Term of Office for Federal Judges
Confirmation Process
Writ of Certiorari
Selection of Cases for Supreme Court
Amicus Curiae Brief
Stare Decisis
Types of Court Opinions
Warren Court
Judicial Activism vs. Judicial Restraint
Majoritarian, Client, Interest Group, & Entrepreneurial Politics
Pork-Barrel Legislation
Logrolling
Deficit vs. Debt
Pocketbook Voting
Troika (Who and Roles)
Monetarism
Keynesianism
Economic Planning
Supply-Side Thoery
Reaganomics
Monetary Policy vs. Fiscal Policy
Federal Reserve
What does the FED do to control Monetary Policy
Structure of the FED
Budget Process
Largest Sources of Revenue
Largest Areas of Spending
Discretionary(controllable) vs. Mandatory (uncontrollable) spending
Entitlements
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings & Budget Enforcement Act of 1990
Kinds of Taxes
Means-Test
Examples of Means-Test Programs
Social Security
Medicare vs. Medicaid
Foreign Policy Options
Foreign Policy Groups (who? and roles)
Foreign Policy: Congress vs. President
Military Chain of Command
Defense Budget
Military-Industrial Complex
EPA
Pollution Offsets and Allowances
Selective Incorporation
14th Amendment
Freedom of Religion
Lemon Test
Freedom of Expression
Clear-and-Present Danger Test
Symbolic Speech
Preferred Position
Prior Restraint
2 Types of Due Process
4th Amendment Protections and Limitations
Exclusionary Rule
Good-Faith Exception
Miranda v. Arizona, Escobedo v. Illinois
Gideon v. Wainwright
Court Rulings on the Death Penalty
Civil Rights vs. Civil Liberties
Levels of Suspect Classifications
Plessy v. Ferguson; Brown v. BOE
Methods used during the Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965
De Jure vs. De Facto Segregation
Privacy Rights
Abortion Rights
Affirmative Action
Court Rulings on Affirmative Action