Preparedness to Prevent Mitigate orPreparedness to Prevent, Mitigate, or Improve Disaster Response and Recovery II

Rod SniderAmerican Red CrossAmerican Red Cross

American Red Cross

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGEAND CLIMATE CHANGE

Disaster Trends

Increased Vulnerability

Frequency and Scale of Disasters Increasing

Global Trends

• Population Growth• Urbanization/Migrationg• Displacement• Conflict (primarily over

resources)• Climate Change

Climate Change Effects Occurrence of Extreme Eventsof Extreme Events

Strong WindWater ResourceWater Resource

ManagementManagement Food Food securitysecurity

EnergyEnergy

Intensity Coastal Marine Hazards HealthHealth IndustryIndustryTransportTransport

Tropical CyclonesUrban areasUrban areas

Heavy rainfall / FloodHazards’ intensityand frequency

i i

Vulnerability and Exposure on the rise !

Heatwaves

are increasing

Need for Climate Smart

Frequency

Climate SmartDisaster RiskManagement

Early impacts of climate change are felt in least developed countries throughin least developed countries through increase in extreme climate events

Source: CRED (2008)

Traditional hazards with potential for disaster

Tsunamis

E th kVolcanic

HazardsEarthquakesVolcanic

eruption

HurricanesSoil Erosion

Increased rainfall

Decreased rainfall

Droughts

Sea-level rise

Deforestation

Increase inOver Heat wave

Change and

Increase in temperature

M lti l i

Water, air and soil pollution

exploitation of minerals

Climate Change

loss of biodiversity

Melting glaciers and glacial lakes

Open cast quarrying

Environmental Degradation

Tidal surges

Impacts of Traditional Hazards

gdestroying coastline

settlements

Building collapse

Lava flows destroying

ttl t

Impactsp

settlements

Increased soil salinity Food

insecurity

Reduced water resources

L f Increased mortality and

morbidity

DisplacementSoil

insecurity

Loss of infrastructure, housing and

FamineLoss of biodiversity

LandslidesSoil

erosion

Ill health

Cli tSoil Erosion

Floods

lives

Loss of livelihoods

erosion

Loss of hydro power

Dry riversLack of water for

drinking and

Loss of farmland

Climate Change Impacts

Loss of medicinal resources

Food insecurity

Dry rivers

Increased malariaReduced food

productionDisplacement of indigenous communities

gfarming

Flash flooding

Environmental Degradation Impacts

Tsunami early warning

Disaster Risk Reduction

y g

Earthquake resistant

Eruption monitoring

Evacuation plans

Interventionsconstruction

AppropriateCyclone shelters

Sustainable forest management

L d i h Appropriate technologies

Rainwater harvesting

Famine early

warning systems

Mangrove planting

Proper waste management

Cli t

Land tenure rights advocacy

Traditional knowledge capture

Sustainable agriculture

and fisheries Reforestation

Disease control

Energy efficiency

Sustainable energy

IWRM and Water safety plans

Land restoration

Climate Change

AdaptationBetter insulation of

Floodwater drainage systems

Natural resource

management

Use of organic

fertilisers and

pesticides

Disease control

Protection of biodiversity

gygeneration

y p insulation of buildings

Share more transport

pesticides

Sustainable Natural Resource Management

More efficient transport

Ganges Watershed

Disaster Risk Reduction has Reduced Human Losses

Economic losses related to345

495

400

450

500

Geological

Hydrometeorological

Billions of USD per decade

related to disasters are on the way up160

345

103150

200

250

300

350

the way up…4 11 14

2447

88103

0

50

100

150

56-65 66-75 76-85 86-95 96-05decade

GeologicalMillions of casualties per decade

2.66

2

2.5

3

g

Hydrometeorological

p

While casualties related to hydro‐

l i l 1.73

0.65 0.671

1.5

2meteorological disasters are decreasing

0.050.17

0.39

0.22 0.25 0.22

0

0.5

56-65 66-75 76-85 86-95 96-05decade

decreasing

Source: CRED (2008)

Global Humanitarian Challenges

• Preparing/responding to the proliferation of small/medium localized events (floods) vs. ( )Large/mega disasters (Tsunami, Haiti)

• Urban (peri-urban, slums, informal settlements) DRR/R /RDRR/Response/Recovery

• Paradigm shift from Food/NFI distribution to Cash Transfer Program for effective and efficientCash Transfer Program for effective and efficient rapid response

• Ineffective Coordination/Collaboration – workingIneffective Coordination/Collaboration working in sectors/silos

The International Disaster The International Disaster Response “Fog”Response “Fog”p gp g

UNDACMEDIAHumanitarianCoordinator

OCHAGAff t dAff t d

AffectedGovernment

UNDACMEDIA Coordinator

DonorGovt’s

OSSOC

Geneva

HumanitarianCoordinator

AffectedAffectedPopulationPopulation

Host National Society

UNDPICRC

P i t

MIL

Coordinator

CMOC DART

Society

UNICEF UNHCRPrivateSector

NGOs

WFP

NGOs

MIL

NGOsNationalNGO

NationalS i ti

HumanitarianCoordinator AmbassadorsIFRC

NGOsNationalSocieties NGOsSocieties

thank you.Matt Marek/American Red Cross

y