Figure 42.23ab The mammalian respiratory system

Figure 42.23c Alveoli

Figure 42.23cx1 Alveolar structure of mouse lung

Figure 42.24 Negative pressure breathing

Figure 42.18 The role of gas exchange in bioenergetics

Figure 42.14 The composition of mammalian blood

Figure 42.14x Blood smear

Figure 42.29 Carbon dioxide transport in the blood

Figure 42.15 Differentiation of blood cells

Figure 42.16x Blood clot

Blood Disorders

• Anemia– Results in low levels of red blood cells.

• Not as much oxygen can get to the tissues of the body.

– Sickle cell anemia

• Hemophilia– The ability to stop bleeding is inhibited due to

a lack of or low levels of clotting factors.

Figure 42.4 The mammalian cardiovascular system: an overview

1) Oxygen-poor blood flows from the body into the right atrium.

2) Blood flows through the right atrium into the right ventricle.

3) The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs, where the blood releases waste gases and picks up oxygen through the alveoli.

4) The newly oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart and enters the left atrium.

6) The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body.

5) Blood flows through the left atrium into the left ventricle.

Heart Structure and Function

Figure 42.5 The mammalian heart: a closer look

Figure 42.6 The cardiac cycle

Figure 42.17 Atherosclerosis: normal artery and artery with plaque

Respiratory System

Larynx

Diaphragm

Trachea

Bronchus

Bronchial Tubes

Gas Exchange

Blood• Components of Blood

– Plasma• Makes up about 55 percent of blood volume.

– Three kinds of cells.• Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)

– Make up about 44 percent of blood volume.– Carry Oxygen to cells in the body.

» Hemoglobin

• White Blood Cells (leukocytes)– Make up One percent of total blood volume.– Protect the body from infection.

• Platelets– Helps blood clot.