Figure 42.0 External gills of a salmon

Figure 42.1 Internal transport in the cnidarian Aurelia

Figure 42.1x Aurelia (moon jelly)

Figure 42.2 Open and closed circulatory systems

Figure 42.3 Generalized circulatory schemes of vertebrates

Figure 42.4 The mammalian cardiovascular system: an overview

Figure 42.5 The mammalian heart: a closer look

Figure 42.6 The cardiac cycle

Figure 42.7 The control of heart rhythm

P

R

QS

TP

PR ST TP interval

NORMAL RATE AND RHYTHM

ABNORMALITIES IN RATE Tachycardia

ABNORMALITIES IN RHYTHM Extrasystole (premature beat)

Ventricular fibrillation

Complete heart block

CARDIAC MYOPATHIES

Myocardial infarction

Figure 42.8 The structure of blood vessels

Figure 42.9 Blood flow in veins

Figure 42.10 The interrelationship of blood flow velocity, cross-sectional area of blood vessels, and blood pressure

Figure 42.11 Measurement of blood pressure (Layer 4)

Figure 42.12 Blood flow in capillary beds

Figure 42.13 The movement of fluid between capillaries and the interstitial fluid

Figure 43.4 The human lymphatic system

Figure 42.14 The composition of mammalian blood

Figure 42.14x Blood smear

Figure 42.15 Differentiation of blood cells

Figure 42.16a Blood clotting

Figure 42.16x Blood clot

Figure 42.17 Atherosclerosis: normal artery and artery with plaque

Figure 42.18 The role of gas exchange in bioenergetics

Figure 42.19 Diversity in the structure of gills, external body surfaces functioning in gas exchange

Figure 42.20 The structure and function of fish gills

Figure 42.21 Countercurrent exchange

Figure 42.22 Tracheal systems

Figure 42.23ab The mammalian respiratory system

Figure 42.23c Alveoli

Figure 42.23cx1 Alveolar structure of mouse lung

Figure 42.23cx2 Alveolar structure of mouse lung

Figure 42.24 Negative pressure breathing

Figure 42.25 The avian respiratory system

Figure 42.26 Automatic control of breathing

Figure 42.27 Loading and unloading of respiratory gases

Figure 5.23 The quaternary structure of proteins

Figure 5.23 The quaternary structure of proteins

Figure 42.28 Oxygen dissociation curves for hemoglobin

Unnumbered Figure (page 899) Dissociation curves for two hemoglobins

Figure 42.29 Carbon dioxide transport in the blood

Figure 42.30 The Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddelli, a deep-diving mammal