figure 1 european works councils multinationals database, oct. 2002european trade union institute...

European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)

Figure 1Pioneering EWCs based on a formal Pioneering EWCs based on a formal agreement or not agreement or not

(by year of signature)(by year of signature)

Pioneering EWCs based on a formal Pioneering EWCs based on a formal agreement or not agreement or not

(by year of signature)(by year of signature)

2 7 10 1222

2 2

2

3

3

110

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1983 1985 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

EWCs by agreement other EWCs


Figure 2

1985-1991 EWCs based on a formal 1985-1991 EWCs based on a formal agreement or not agreement or not 1985-1991 EWCs based on a formal 1985-1991 EWCs based on a formal agreement or not agreement or not

2

11

2

1

1 1

1

1

1

0

1

2

3

4

5

1983 1985 1988 1989 1990 1991

employee initiativemanagement initiativeexchange of letters or other more informal arrangementEWC by agreement


Figure 3

1992-1994 EWCs based on a formal 1992-1994 EWCs based on a formal agreement or notagreement or not1992-1994 EWCs based on a formal 1992-1994 EWCs based on a formal agreement or notagreement or not

3

710

124

2

21

2

12

3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1983-1991 1992 1993 1994

employee initiativemanagement initiativeexchange of letters or other more informal arrangementEWC by agreement


Figure 4Pioneering EWCs based on a formal Pioneering EWCs based on a formal agreement or not agreement or not

(by country of ownership)(by country of ownership)

Pioneering EWCs based on a formal Pioneering EWCs based on a formal agreement or not agreement or not


12

9

1 2 1 1 1

5

3 1 11

5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

FR DE UK SE DK FI NO IT CH

other EWCs

EWCs by agreement


Figure 5

Agreement-based EWCs mostly in metal Agreement-based EWCs mostly in metal sector and in chemicals sectorsector and in chemicals sectorAgreement-based EWCs mostly in metal Agreement-based EWCs mostly in metal sector and in chemicals sectorsector and in chemicals sector

Transport3%

Public service3%

Building & woodwork

3%

Chemicals28%

Metal46%

Services17%


Figure 6

Pre-Directive EWCs not based on Pre-Directive EWCs not based on formal social partner agreementformal social partner agreementPre-Directive EWCs not based on Pre-Directive EWCs not based on formal social partner agreementformal social partner agreement

Transport13%

Food19%

Chemicals37%

Metal18%

Services13%


Figure 7

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 20020

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

AA growing number of EWC growing number of EWCssAA growing number of EWC growing number of EWCss


Figure 8

150150

(+)(+)

150150

(+)(+)

10001000(+)(+)

Companies covered by DirectiveCompanies covered by DirectiveCompanies covered by DirectiveCompanies covered by Directive


Figure 9

Criteria for Criteria for determinationdetermination

Controlling undertakingControlling undertakingControlling undertakingControlling undertaking


Figure 10Start negotiations on creation of EWC by Start negotiations on creation of EWC by establishing an SNBestablishing an SNBStart negotiations on creation of EWC by Start negotiations on creation of EWC by establishing an SNBestablishing an SNB

Written request to start negotiations

100100

(+)(+)

ExpertsExperts

No! No!

22//33

Special Special NegotiatioNegotiatio

n n BodyBody

SNBSNBCentralCentral managemenmanagemen

tt


Figure 11

Issues of Company AgreementsIssues of Company AgreementsIssues of Company AgreementsIssues of Company Agreements

2 x

Undertakings Undertakings concernedconcerned

CompositionComposition of EWCEWC

InformationInformation & & consultationconsultation

Venue, frequency Venue, frequency & duration of & duration of

meetingsmeetings

Financial and Financial and material material

resourcesresources

Duration of Duration of agreementagreement

SNBSNB


Figure 12The implementation of sThe implementation of subsidiary ubsidiary requirementsrequirementsThe implementation of sThe implementation of subsidiary ubsidiary requirementsrequirements

6 months6 months3 years3 years


Figure 13

Subsidiary Subsidiary requirementsrequirementsSubsidiary Subsidiary requirementsrequirements

One annual One annual meetingmeeting

Appointment ofAppointment of membersmembers

Information & Information & consultationconsultation

Extraordinary Extraordinary meetingsmeetings

Internal preparatory Internal preparatory meetingmeeting

ExpertsExperts

Financial & material Financial & material resourcesresources

extra


Figure 14Information & consultation rights Information & consultation rights (Subsidiary r(Subsidiary requirementequirements)s)Information & consultation rights Information & consultation rights (Subsidiary r(Subsidiary requirementequirements)s)

Structure of Structure of undertakinundertakin

gg

Trend of Trend of employmenemploymen

tt

Cut-backs or Cut-backs or closuresclosures

Economic & Economic & financial financial

situation and situation and trendstrends

New working New working methodsmethods

Organisational Organisational changeschanges

Investment plansInvestment plans

€€€€

Transfer of Transfer of productionproduction

Collective Collective redundanciesredundancies

€

Development of Development of business, business,

production and production and salessales


Figure 15

Most EWCs set up based on Article 13 of the Most EWCs set up based on Article 13 of the DirectiveDirectiveMost EWCs set up based on Article 13 of the Most EWCs set up based on Article 13 of the DirectiveDirective

Art. 1367%

Art. 633%

Subsidiary requirements

0%

Three EWC typesThree EWC types• Art 13 – before 22-09-96Art 13 – before 22-09-96• Art 6 - negotiated by SNBArt 6 - negotiated by SNB• If negotiations fail: subsidiary requirements (annex)If negotiations fail: subsidiary requirements (annex)

Three EWC typesThree EWC types• Art 13 – before 22-09-96Art 13 – before 22-09-96• Art 6 - negotiated by SNBArt 6 - negotiated by SNB• If negotiations fail: subsidiary requirements (annex)If negotiations fail: subsidiary requirements (annex)


Figure 16

Transposition processTransposition processTransposition processTransposition process

22-09-199422-09-1994

22-09-199622-09-1996

SNBSNB

Article 13 Article 13 agreementsagreements

Article 6 Article 6 agreementsagreements

15-12-199715-12-1997

National National transpositiontransposition

ss UK UK extensionextension


Figure 17

US multinationals are governed mostly by US multinationals are governed mostly by Belgian and French transposition lawBelgian and French transposition lawss US multinationals are governed mostly by US multinationals are governed mostly by Belgian and French transposition lawBelgian and French transposition lawss

French 18%

Belgian 29%

Other13%

German8%

Irish9%

Dutch9%

UK14%


Figure 18

UK multinationals are governed mostly by UK multinationals are governed mostly by Irish transposition lawIrish transposition lawUK multinationals are governed mostly by UK multinationals are governed mostly by Irish transposition lawIrish transposition law

German17%

Irish 44%

Belgian13%

French13%

Dutch13%


Figure 19

Swiss multinationals are governed mostly Swiss multinationals are governed mostly by German transposition lawby German transposition law Swiss multinationals are governed mostly Swiss multinationals are governed mostly by German transposition lawby German transposition law

Belgian29%

German 50%

Austrian7%

French7%

Dutch7%


Figure 20

Japanese multinationals are governed Japanese multinationals are governed mostly by UK transposition lawmostly by UK transposition law Japanese multinationals are governed Japanese multinationals are governed mostly by UK transposition lawmostly by UK transposition law

Belgian27%

UK40%

German13%

Irish13%

Dutch7%


Figure 21

Percentage of EWCs governed by different Percentage of EWCs governed by different national transpositions national transpositions Percentage of EWCs governed by different Percentage of EWCs governed by different national transpositions national transpositions

German 26%

French14%

UK13%

Belgian13%

Dutch9%

Swedish7%

Italian5%

Other13%


Figure 22Companies affected by DirectivesCompanies affected by Directives 94/45/EC94/45/EC andand 97/74/EC97/74/EC


Companies affected by DirectivesCompanies affected by Directives 94/45/EC94/45/EC andand 97/74/EC97/74/EC


4 719

38 39 40 47 53 57 57

100122

185

232

95

8 15

49

286

1443 47 65 93 100 101

398

2 213372019205142 3 214 280

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

Lu/Li PT NO ES AT IE FI DK BE IT SE NL FR UK DE CH AU CA JP US other(*)

number of affected multinationals

number of affected multinationals having an EWC

*(Bahrain, Kuwait, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea)


Figure 23

Number of countries in EEA in which Number of countries in EEA in which multinationals have establishmentsmultinationals have establishments

((% of % of MNCs affected by the Directive)MNCs affected by the Directive)

Number of countries in EEA in which Number of countries in EEA in which multinationals have establishmentsmultinationals have establishments

((% of % of MNCs affected by the Directive)MNCs affected by the Directive)

10 or more12%9

4%

316%

224%

86%

414%

510%

68%

76%


Figure 24

EEA countries hosting activities of EEA countries hosting activities of multinationals multinationals EEA countries hosting activities of EEA countries hosting activities of multinationals multinationals

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

DE UK FR NL ES BE IT SE AT PT DK IE NO FI GR LU IS LI

% of MNCs affected by the Directive


Figure 25

Number of affected companies having Number of affected companies having operations in the EEA member statesoperations in the EEA member statesNumber of affected companies having Number of affected companies having operations in the EEA member statesoperations in the EEA member states

209262

322 350 366

703 739802 823

1164 1200

1426

132 152

328 350 346 370472 479

530

136

480445

10264

227219176174

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

LU FI NO IE DK PT SE AT IT BE NL ES FR UK DE

number of affected MNCs operating in EEA countriesMNCs that have set up an EWC


Figure 26

Of 1865 covered companies 639 now have one Of 1865 covered companies 639 now have one or more EWCs, 1226 still have to set up an or more EWCs, 1226 still have to set up an EWCEWC

Of 1865 covered companies 639 now have one Of 1865 covered companies 639 now have one or more EWCs, 1226 still have to set up an or more EWCs, 1226 still have to set up an EWCEWC

639 companies with an EWC

34%

1226 covered companies

without an EWC66%

around one third of the covered companies have an around one third of the covered companies have an EWCEWC


Figure 27

17.1 million workers in 1865 covered 17.1 million workers in 1865 covered companiescompanies(±10% of all workers in the European Union)(±10% of all workers in the European Union)

17.1 million workers in 1865 covered 17.1 million workers in 1865 covered companiescompanies(±10% of all workers in the European Union)(±10% of all workers in the European Union)

workers represented in an

EWC66%

workers from companies

affected by the EWC Directive

that still have to set up an EWC

34%

11.2 million workers are now represented in 11.2 million workers are now represented in an EWCan EWC


Figure 28

Compliance with EWC Directive higher Compliance with EWC Directive higher among larger companiesamong larger companiesCompliance with EWC Directive higher Compliance with EWC Directive higher among larger companiesamong larger companies

288 111 240

262

363

1240

42,4

23,2

66,1

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

small (<5,000 empl.)

medium (between 5,000 and

10,000 empl.)

large (>10,000 empl.)

05101520253035404550556065

number ofcompaniesaffected by theEWC Directive

number ofcompanies havingan EWC

% of affected companies with an EWC


Figure 29

Proportion of large MNCs covered by Directive Proportion of large MNCs covered by Directive

by country of ownershipby country of ownership


by country of ownershipby country of ownership

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

AT PT LU IE NO BE IT DK FI ES SE NL FR DE UK LI CH AU JP US CA (*)other

overall

small companies (< 5,000 empl. in EEA)medium companies (between 5,000 and 10,000 empl. in EEA)large companies (> 10,000 empl. in EEA)



Figure 30Proportion of large MNCs covered by Directive Proportion of large MNCs covered by Directive

by sector of activityby sector of activity


by sector of activityby sector of activity

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Textile Metal Buildingand

woodwork

Chemicals Food,hotel,

catering

Transport Services Publicservices

Overall

small companies (< 5,000 empl. in EEA)

medium companies (between 5,000 and 10,000 empl. in EEA)

large companies (> 10,000 empl. in EEA)


Figure 31

Companies Companies covered by Directivecovered by Directivess 94/45/EC94/45/EC andand 97/74/EC97/74/EC

(by sector of activity)(by sector of activity)

Companies Companies covered by Directivecovered by Directivess 94/45/EC94/45/EC andand 97/74/EC97/74/EC

(by sector of activity)(by sector of activity)

79 98

208235

451

88 81

199

261227

667 684

13 6 21310

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Publicservices

Transport Textile Building &woodwork

Food,hotel,

catering

Chemicals Metal Services

covered companies having an EWC


Figure 32

The concentration of the EEA workforce The concentration of the EEA workforce in one countryin one countryThe concentration of the EEA workforce The concentration of the EEA workforce in one countryin one country

% of multinationals covered by the Directive

very high concentration

(more than 90%)

high concentration (between 70 and

90%)

low concentration (below 50%)

medium concentration

(between 50 and 70%)27%

25%

27%

34%

14%


Figure 33

The concentration of the EEA workforce The concentration of the EEA workforce in one country for companies with an EWCin one country for companies with an EWCThe concentration of the EEA workforce The concentration of the EEA workforce in one country for companies with an EWCin one country for companies with an EWC

% of multinationals with an EWC

very high concentration

(more than 90%)

high concentration (between 70 and

90%)

low concentration (below 50%)

medium concentration

(between 50 and 70%)

12%

34%

28%

26%


Figure 34

Degree of internationalisation and Degree of internationalisation and compliance compliance rate of multinationals rate of multinationals withwith the Directive the DirectiveDegree of internationalisation and Degree of internationalisation and compliance compliance rate of multinationals rate of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive

301

247

154

105

219

60 66 75 58 66 52 54 49

136

187

11079

424

62

14,2 21,930,4 31

42,949,5 49,1

62

0

100

200

300

400

500

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ormore

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

number of covered multinationalscovered multinationals with an EWC

countries of operation in EEA

% of total covered companies having set up an EWC


Figure 35

Degree of internationalisation and Degree of internationalisation and compliance compliance rate of multinationals rate of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive(by size (by size of MNC)of MNC)

Degree of internationalisation and Degree of internationalisation and compliance compliance rate of multinationals rate of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive(by size (by size of MNC)of MNC)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ormore

large companies (>= 10,000 empl. in EEA)medium companies (between 5,000 and 10,000 empl. in EEA)small companies (< 5,000 empl. in EEA)


% of total covered com-panies having set up an EWC


Figure 36

599

479440

158 168

252

72

199

45,235,1

26,428,6

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

very high (morethan 90%)

high (between 70and 90%)

medium (between50 and 70%)

low (below 50%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

covered companiescompanies with an EWC

workforce concentration in one country

% of covered companies having set up an EWC

Workforce concentration and Workforce concentration and compliance rate compliance rate of multinationals of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive Workforce concentration and Workforce concentration and compliance rate compliance rate of multinationals of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive


Figure 37

6573,6

79,5

42,6

24,6

3843,1

63,5

32,425,8

15,117,80

102030405060708090

100

very high (morethan 90%)

high (between 70and 90%)

medium (between50 and 70%)

low (below 50%)

large companies (>=10000 empl. in EEA)

medium companies (>=5000 and < 10000 empl. in EEA)small companies (<5000 empl. in EEA)

workforce concentration in one country

% of total covered com-panies having set up an EWC

Workforce concentration and Workforce concentration and compliance rate compliance rate of multinationals of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive (by size of (by size of MNC)MNC)

Workforce concentration and Workforce concentration and compliance rate compliance rate of multinationals of multinationals withwith the Directive the Directive (by size of (by size of MNC)MNC)


Figure 38

MNCs confronted with transnational mergers MNCs confronted with transnational mergers and acquisitions between1999 and 2001and acquisitions between1999 and 2001MNCs confronted with transnational mergers MNCs confronted with transnational mergers and acquisitions between1999 and 2001and acquisitions between1999 and 2001

639

215

1226

141

34

12

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

MNCs affected by the EWC Directive withoutan EWC

MNCs with an EWC

0

10

20

30

40

50all companies

confronted with a transnational M&A

% confronted with a transnational M&A


Figure 39

Sectors and transnational mergers and Sectors and transnational mergers and acquisitionsacquisitions

(peak groups engaged in a merger between 1999 and 2001)(peak groups engaged in a merger between 1999 and 2001)

Sectors and transnational mergers and Sectors and transnational mergers and acquisitionsacquisitions

(peak groups engaged in a merger between 1999 and 2001)(peak groups engaged in a merger between 1999 and 2001)

145

107

166

42 43

98

76

99

25 29

3177 363

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Metal Chemicals Services Food, hotel,catering

Building &woodwork

Textile Transport Publicservices

companies covered by the Directive

covered by the Directive and having an EWC


Figure 40

Companies that have an EWC and engaged Companies that have an EWC and engaged in a transnational merger between 1999 in a transnational merger between 1999 and 2001and 2001

Companies that have an EWC and engaged Companies that have an EWC and engaged in a transnational merger between 1999 in a transnational merger between 1999 and 2001and 2001

34.2

46.3

22.9

0

200

400

600

800

1000

small (< 5,000empl.)

medium (between5,000 and 10,000

empl.)

large (> 10,000empl.)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

% engaged in a merger

all MNCs with an EWC

MNCs with an EWCengaged in a merger1999-2001


Figure 41

Companies that still have to Companies that still have to set up set up an EWCan EWC and and engaged in a transnational merger engaged in a transnational merger between between 1999 1999 andand 2001 2001

Companies that still have to Companies that still have to set up set up an EWCan EWC and and engaged in a transnational merger engaged in a transnational merger between between 1999 1999 andand 2001 2001

15.2

28.5

8.7

0

200

400

600

800

1000

small (< 5,000empl.)

medium (between5,000 and 10,000

empl.)

large (> 10,000empl.)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

% engaged in a merger

all MNCs without EWC

MNCs without EWCengaged in a merger1999-2001

European Works Councils Multinationals database, Oct. 2002 and Infopoint, 2002European Trade Union Institute (ETUI)

Figure 42

Year of signature of agreements Year of signature of agreements establishing EWCs establishing EWCs Year of signature of agreements Year of signature of agreements establishing EWCs establishing EWCs

1020

6040

6070

4932

20

21

21

322

9

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

new EWCs renegotiated EWC agreements


Figure 43

EWC agreements word count by year of EWC agreements word count by year of signaturesignatureEWC agreements word count by year of EWC agreements word count by year of signaturesignature

802 728 811

1218

2057

2350 23862290

2757

1252 1269

1728

950

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

average words per agreement


Figure 44

Within 639 different companies 739 EWCs are Within 639 different companies 739 EWCs are established on the basis of 811 EWC established on the basis of 811 EWC agreements agreements

Within 639 different companies 739 EWCs are Within 639 different companies 739 EWCs are established on the basis of 811 EWC established on the basis of 811 EWC agreements agreements

639

739

811

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

agreements European Works Councilsbased upon one or

successive agreement(s)

peak companies havingestablished one or more

EWCs


Figure 45

Several EWC agreements are open Several EWC agreements are open for re-negotiation or renewal after four for re-negotiation or renewal after four yearsyears

Several EWC agreements are open Several EWC agreements are open for re-negotiation or renewal after four for re-negotiation or renewal after four yearsyears

after 2 years6%

after one year4%

after 4 years16%

after 5 years or more

7%

no time indication for

the opening of renegotiations

67%


Figure 46

Percentage of new and Percentage of new and renegotiated EWC agreementsrenegotiated EWC agreementsPercentage of new and Percentage of new and renegotiated EWC agreementsrenegotiated EWC agreements

8778 73

60

1322 27

40

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

1998 1999 2000 2001

% renegotiated EWCagreements

% agreementscreating new EWCs


Figure 47

64 EWCs are based upon 64 EWCs are based upon more than one successive agreementmore than one successive agreement64 EWCs are based upon 64 EWCs are based upon more than one successive agreementmore than one successive agreement

64 EWCs have more than one

agreement9%

675 EWCs based on one

agreement 91%

the ETUI European Works Councils Multinationals database 2002 contains 811 EWC the ETUI European Works Councils Multinationals database 2002 contains 811 EWC agreements for 739 EWCs in 635 different MNCsagreements for 739 EWCs in 635 different MNCs


Figure 48

55 Multinational companies (8%) have 55 Multinational companies (8%) have more than one EWCmore than one EWC55 Multinational companies (8%) have 55 Multinational companies (8%) have more than one EWCmore than one EWC

55 MNCs have more than one

EWC8%

608 MNCs have one EWC

92%

the ETUI European Works Councils Multinationals database 2002 contains 811 EWC the ETUI European Works Councils Multinationals database 2002 contains 811 EWC agreements for 739 EWCs in 635 different MNCsagreements for 739 EWCs in 635 different MNCs


Figure 49

Composition of the EWCComposition of the EWCemployee-only or joint bodiesemployee-only or joint bodiesComposition of the EWCComposition of the EWCemployee-only or joint bodiesemployee-only or joint bodies

Employee only (German

model)37%

Joint body (French model)

63%


Figure 50

Composition of the EWC by country of Composition of the EWC by country of ownership of the MNC – employee-only or ownership of the MNC – employee-only or joint bodiesjoint bodies

Composition of the EWC by country of Composition of the EWC by country of ownership of the MNC – employee-only or ownership of the MNC – employee-only or joint bodiesjoint bodies

2

34

13 12

29

1823

62 63

15

60

25

8

87

25

13 14 8 51199

29

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

AT DE NL IT SE-NO-DK

CH BE US UK JP FR other

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

joint bodies (French model)employee- only (German model)

% employee-only


Figure 51

Employer or employee representative Employer or employee representative chairing the EWCchairing the EWCEmployer or employee representative Employer or employee representative chairing the EWCchairing the EWC

co-chairing of worker and employer

4%

by turns3%

not foreseen in agreement

15%

employee34%

employer44%


Figure 52

EWC chaired by employer or workforce EWC chaired by employer or workforce representativerepresentative (by country of ownership MNC)(by country of ownership MNC)

EWC chaired by employer or workforce EWC chaired by employer or workforce representativerepresentative (by country of ownership MNC)(by country of ownership MNC)

94

23 2025

1016 17

13

49

7 2278 8

53

4445

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

DE SE-NO-DK

NL CH other US UK JP FR

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

worker chair

employer chair

% of EWCs with worker chair


Figure 53

AuthoritAuthoritatative language of EWC agreementsive language of EWC agreementsAuthoritAuthoritatative language of EWC agreementsive language of EWC agreements

German28%

English43%

French15%

other14%

202 of 469 EWC agreements refer to the English version of 202 of 469 EWC agreements refer to the English version of the agreement as authoritative the agreement as authoritative


Figure 54

EWC agreements providing for language EWC agreements providing for language trainingtraining (by year of signature)(by year of signature)

EWC agreements providing for language EWC agreements providing for language trainingtraining (by year of signature)(by year of signature)

9

52

33

21

30

24

14

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

before 1996 1996 1997-1999 2000-2001

0

10

20

30

% of agreements that provide for language training


Figure 55

EWC agreements signed by one or more EWC agreements signed by one or more European industry federationsEuropean industry federations (by size of MNC)(by size of MNC)

EWC agreements signed by one or more EWC agreements signed by one or more European industry federationsEuropean industry federations (by size of MNC)(by size of MNC)

26

39

30

0

10

20

30

40

50

all EWC agreements EWC agreements forMNCs with less than

10,000 workers

EWC agreements forMNCs with more

than 10,000 workers


Figure 56

Proportion of EWCs for which support and Proportion of EWCs for which support and training is co-ordinated by the respective training is co-ordinated by the respective EIFsEIFs

Proportion of EWCs for which support and Proportion of EWCs for which support and training is co-ordinated by the respective training is co-ordinated by the respective EIFsEIFs

ETUF-TCL

EFBWW

EFFAT

EMCEF

ETF

EMF

UNI Europe

EPSU

ETUF-TCL

EFBWW

EFFAT

EMCEF

ETF

EMF

UNI Europe

EPSU


Figure 57

EWC agreements signed by European EWC agreements signed by European industry federations industry federations (by EIF and by MNC size)(by EIF and by MNC size)

EWC agreements signed by European EWC agreements signed by European industry federations industry federations (by EIF and by MNC size)(by EIF and by MNC size)

13 15 17

6 93

2513 11

2

14

11

41 1

0

10

20

30

40

EMF EMCEF UNI-Europa

EFFAT EFBWW ETUF-TCL

ETF EFJ

EWC agreements in companies with less than 10, 000 workersEWC agreements in companies with more than 10, 000 workers

proportion of companies in each sector


Figure 58

EWC agreements signed by European EWC agreements signed by European industry federations industry federations (by country of ownership of (by country of ownership of the MNC)the MNC)

EWC agreements signed by European EWC agreements signed by European industry federations industry federations (by country of ownership of (by country of ownership of the MNC)the MNC)

10 3 12 8

35

49

27

11

24

4749

3635

30

212016

9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

DE JP SE-NO-DK

NL US CH UK FR other

0

10

20

30

40

50

% signed by European industry federation


Figure 59

Size of the European works councilsSize of the European works councilsSize of the European works councilsSize of the European works councils

61

102

79

110106

22

4651

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

<10 10 to 14 15 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 >=35 unknown

EWCs with this size

members


Figure 60

Proportion of large and small European Proportion of large and small European works councils works councils (size in EWC members)(size in EWC members)

Proportion of large and small European Proportion of large and small European works councils works councils (size in EWC members)(size in EWC members)

10 to 1945%

< 1013%

20 to 2928%

30 and more14%

Almost half of the EWCs have 10 to 20 members Almost half of the EWCs have 10 to 20 members


Figure 61

Proportion of large EWCs greater in Proportion of large EWCs greater in companies with more than 10,000 workerscompanies with more than 10,000 workersProportion of large EWCs greater in Proportion of large EWCs greater in companies with more than 10,000 workerscompanies with more than 10,000 workers

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

small MNCs (<5,000 empl.in EEA)

medium MNCs (5,000 to10,000 empl. in EEA)

large MNCs (more than10,000 empl. in EEA)

EWC with less than 10 members EWC with 10 to 19 membersEWC with 20 to 29 members EWC with more than 30 members


Figure 62

Proportion of large EWCs greater in Proportion of large EWCs greater in companies with operations in more EEA companies with operations in more EEA countriescountries

Proportion of large EWCs greater in Proportion of large EWCs greater in companies with operations in more EEA companies with operations in more EEA countriescountries

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

operations in less than 5countries

operations in 5 to 9countries

operations in 10 or morecountries

EWC with less than 10 members EWC with 10 to 19 membersEWC with 20 to 29 members EWC with more than 30 members


Figure 63

agreements not providing for a

select committee

38%

agreements providing for a

select committee

62%

Proportion of agreements providing for a Proportion of agreements providing for a select committeeselect committeeProportion of agreements providing for a Proportion of agreements providing for a select committeeselect committee


Figure 64

Size of select committeeSize of select committeeSize of select committeeSize of select committee

3 members45%

2 members10%

4 members16%

5 or more members

29%


Figure 65

Proportion of large select committees Proportion of large select committees greater in companies with more than greater in companies with more than 10,000 workers10,000 workers

Proportion of large select committees Proportion of large select committees greater in companies with more than greater in companies with more than 10,000 workers10,000 workers

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

small MNCs (<5,000 empl.in EEA)

medium MNCs (5,000 to10,000 empl. in EEA)

large MNCs (more than10,000 empl. in EEA)

2 or 3 members 4 members 5 or more members


Figure 66

Number of meetings Number of meetings provided for in the EWC agreementsprovided for in the EWC agreementsNumber of meetings Number of meetings provided for in the EWC agreementsprovided for in the EWC agreements

not foreseen or no info

5%

more than 2 meetings

2%

One meeting81%

2 meetings12%


Figure 67

Number of EWC meetingsNumber of EWC meetingsby year of signature of the EWC agreementby year of signature of the EWC agreementNumber of EWC meetingsNumber of EWC meetingsby year of signature of the EWC agreementby year of signature of the EWC agreement

61

21

10

34

12 915

289

72

27

34

29

16

1011

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

before 1996 1996 1997-1998 1999 2000-2001

0

10

20

30

40

50

agreements providing for one meeting2 meetings or more

% with 2 or more meetings


Figure 68

More than one in four companies affected More than one in four companies affected by the EWC Directive has operations in EU by the EWC Directive has operations in EU applicant countriesapplicant countries

More than one in four companies affected More than one in four companies affected by the EWC Directive has operations in EU by the EWC Directive has operations in EU applicant countriesapplicant countries

Covered companies without subsidiaries in EU applicant countries

71%

Covered companies with

subsidiaries in EU applicant countries

29%547

1318


Figure 69

Multinationals having operations in EU Multinationals having operations in EU applicant countriesapplicant countries

(% of all MNCs affected by the Directive)(% of all MNCs affected by the Directive)

Multinationals having operations in EU Multinationals having operations in EU applicant countriesapplicant countries

(% of all MNCs affected by the Directive)(% of all MNCs affected by the Directive)

0,6 1,3 1,52,4 2,6

12,1

19,1

6,1

11,6

0,4

0

5

10

15

20

25

CY MT LT LV EE SI SK HU CZ PL


Figure 70

EEA countries hosting activities of EEA countries hosting activities of multinationalsmultinationalsEEA countries hosting activities of EEA countries hosting activities of multinationalsmultinationals

13

136 144209

262

366445 480

703 739802 823

11641200

1426

118 133 130174 172 207 236

314 302 308 332401 410

474322 350

5 82672 90

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

LI IS LU GR FI NO IE DK PT SE AT IT BE NL ES FR UK DE

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

MNCs affected by the Directive

MNCs affected by the Directive, having anestablishment in EU applicant countries

% with an establishment in EU applicant

countries


Figure 71Companies covered by the EWC DirectiveCompanies covered by the EWC Directive with subsidiaries in EU applicant countrieswith subsidiaries in EU applicant countries


Companies covered by the EWC DirectiveCompanies covered by the EWC Directive with subsidiaries in EU applicant countrieswith subsidiaries in EU applicant countries


4 7

38 40 39 47

19

100122

185

232

286

95

8 15 1423 30 45 53 100

495757

53

398

22 92

72

1462533283 22 21 130

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

Lu/LiPT ES IE AT FI DK NO BE IT SE NL FR UK DE US CH AU JP CAother(*)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

number of covered multinationals

number of covered companies withsubsidiaries in EU applicant countries

% of covered multinationals having subsidiaries in EU applicatint countries



Figure 72

Size of companies having operations in Size of companies having operations in applicant countriesapplicant countriesSize of companies having operations in Size of companies having operations in applicant countriesapplicant countries

262

363

76

165

1240

266

46

2922

0

200

400

600

800

small MNCs(<5,000 empl. in

EEA)

medium MNCs(5,000 to 10,000

empl. in EEA)

large MNCs(>10,000 empl. in

EEA)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

All MNC covered bythe EWC Directive

All MNC covered bythe EWC Directivehaving operations inEU applicantcountries

% of covered companies with operations in applicant countries


Figure 73

Degree of internationalisation and proportion of Degree of internationalisation and proportion of multinationals having an establishment in CEEC multinationals having an establishment in CEEC

(by number of countries of operation)(by number of countries of operation)

Degree of internationalisation and proportion of Degree of internationalisation and proportion of multinationals having an establishment in CEEC multinationals having an establishment in CEEC

(by number of countries of operation)(by number of countries of operation)

302

247

188

105

219

48 46 62 45 53 45 54 40

142

423

79110

154

65

514943

34

2425

1511

0

100

200

300

400

500

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ormore

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

MNCs affected by the Directive

MNCs affected by the Directive,having an establishment in CEEC

% of MNCs affected by the Directive having an establishment in CEEC



Figure 74

European works councils within companies European works councils within companies that have operations in EU applicant that have operations in EU applicant countriescountries

European works councils within companies European works councils within companies that have operations in EU applicant that have operations in EU applicant countriescountries

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

total existing EWCsEWCs in companies with operations in EU applicant countries


Figure 75

Representation of Representation of EU applicant countryEU applicant country workers in multinational companiesworkers in multinational companiesRepresentation of Representation of EU applicant countryEU applicant country workers in multinational companiesworkers in multinational companies

EWC without CEEC represen-

tative44%

EWC with member or

observer from EU applicant

countries15%

MNC with subsidiary in EU

applicant countries but without EWC

41%


Figure 76

Involvement of EU applicant country Involvement of EU applicant country representatives in EWCsrepresentatives in EWCsInvolvement of EU applicant country Involvement of EU applicant country representatives in EWCsrepresentatives in EWCs

206

117 114

5750 26 22 24 28 2223 16 2 3 6 4

20

28

12

18

21

10

2422

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

PL CZ HU SK EE SL RO BG

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

having an EWChaving a seat in the EWC

% of the EWCs in companies with operations in EU applicant countries that included

representatives from those countries


Figure 77

Multinationals affected by the DirectiveMultinationals affected by the Directive(by employment scale in EU applicant country)(by employment scale in EU applicant country)

Multinationals affected by the DirectiveMultinationals affected by the Directive(by employment scale in EU applicant country)(by employment scale in EU applicant country)

4248

72

89

17 19

29

4945

65

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

< 100 empl. in CEEC >= 100 and < 250empl. in CEEC

>= 250 and < 500empl. in CEEC

>= 500 and < 1,000empl. in CEEC

>= 1,000 empl. inCEEC

MNCs affected by the DirectiveMNCs affected by the Directive, having an EWC


Figure 78

Involvement of EU applicant country Involvement of EU applicant country representatives in EWCsrepresentatives in EWCs (by country of ownership (by country of ownership of MNC)of MNC)

Involvement of EU applicant country Involvement of EU applicant country representatives in EWCsrepresentatives in EWCs (by country of ownership (by country of ownership of MNC)of MNC)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Lu/Li ES IE AT FI NO BE SE NL UK DE IT FR DK CH JP US CA AU other(*)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

covered companies with an EWC havingoperations in EU applicant countries

covered companies with an establishment inapplicant countries and with an EWC having aseat for an applicant country rep

% with an EU applicant country representative in EWC

*(Bahrain, Kuwait, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa South Korea)


Figure 79

Involvement of EU applicant country Involvement of EU applicant country representatives in EWCsrepresentatives in EWCs (by employment scale in (by employment scale in EEA)EEA)

Involvement of EU applicant country Involvement of EU applicant country representatives in EWCsrepresentatives in EWCs (by employment scale in (by employment scale in EEA)EEA)

20 740

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

small (<5000 empl. in EEA) medium (between 5000 and10000 empl. in EEA)

large (>= 10000 empl. in EEA)

MNCs affected by the Directive with with an establishment in CEEC and with anEWCMNCs affected by the Directive with an establishment in CEEC and with an EWC+ with a seat for CEEC representative


Figure 80Multinationals affected by the Directive Multinationals affected by the Directive having operations in EU applicant having operations in EU applicant countries and in Polandcountries and in Poland

(by employment scale in EEA)(by employment scale in EEA)

Multinationals affected by the Directive Multinationals affected by the Directive having operations in EU applicant having operations in EU applicant countries and in Polandcountries and in Poland

(by employment scale in EEA)(by employment scale in EEA)

24,7 25,821,5

29,1

45,5

15,3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

small (<5000 empl. in EEA) medium (between 5000 and10000 empl. in EEA)

large (>= 10000 empl. in EEA)

% of total affected by the Directive, having an establishment in Poland% with an establishment in EU applicant countries


Figure 81

Multinationals having an establishment in EU Multinationals having an establishment in EU applicant countries and in Poland applicant countries and in Poland (by number of (by number of countries of operation in EEA)countries of operation in EEA)

Multinationals having an establishment in EU Multinationals having an establishment in EU applicant countries and in Poland applicant countries and in Poland (by number of (by number of countries of operation in EEA)countries of operation in EEA)

4662

45 45

142

32 2635

2334

24 30 29

116

53 5440

48

82

6757 57

51

64

53 56

73

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ormore

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

MNCs affected by the Directive, having anestablishment in EU applicant countriesMNCs affected by the Directive, having anestablishment in Poland


% having an establishment in PL


Figure 82

Size of Polish subsidiaries Size of Polish subsidiaries of multinationals covered by the EWC of multinationals covered by the EWC DirectiveDirective

Size of Polish subsidiaries Size of Polish subsidiaries of multinationals covered by the EWC of multinationals covered by the EWC DirectiveDirective

100 to 249 empl.32%

< 100 empl.4%

250 to 499 empl.24%

500 to 999 empl.22%

> 999 empl.18%


Figure 83

Polish involvement in EWCs Polish involvement in EWCs (by size of the Polish workforce)(by size of the Polish workforce)

Polish involvement in EWCs Polish involvement in EWCs (by size of the Polish workforce)(by size of the Polish workforce)

2

5

2

1

3 3

7

2

5

1

9

0

2

4

6

8

10

< 100 empl. 100-259 empl. 250-499 empl. 500-999 empl. >1000 empl.

one observer

one member

more than one


Figure 84

Type of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCs

no info

more than one member or observer

one observer

one member


Figure 85

Type of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCs(by size of the MNC)(by size of the MNC)

Type of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCs(by size of the MNC)(by size of the MNC)

56

2

10

14

5

0

10

20

one Polish Observer in theEWC

one Polish EWCmember more than one Polish memberor observer

< 10,000 empl.

> 10.000 empl.


Figure 86

Type of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCs(by country of ownership of MNC)(by country of ownership of MNC)

Type of Polish involvement in EWCsType of Polish involvement in EWCs(by country of ownership of MNC)(by country of ownership of MNC)

1 1

2

4

1

2

5

8

3

4

2

6

1

2

3

0

2

4

6

8

DE UK FR US SE-NO-DK CH NL other

Polish EWC observer(s)

Polish EWC members

figure 1 european works councils multinationals database, oct. 2002european trade union institute...

Documents

directive slide

undertaking slide

sales slide

growing number of ewcs

chemicals sector slide

formal agreement

year of signature slide

country of ownership