fig. 22-1. fig. 22-2 american revolutionfrench revolutionu.s. civil war 1900 1850 1800 1750 1795...
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Fig. 22-1
Fig. 22-2
American Revolution French Revolution U.S. Civil War1900185018001750
1795
1809
1798
18301831–1836
1837
1859
18371844
1858The Origin of Species is published.Wallace sends his hypothesis to Darwin.
Darwin begins his notebooks.Darwin writes essay on descent with modification.
Darwin travels around the world on HMS Beagle.
Malthus publishes “Essay on the Principle of Population.”
Lyell publishes Principles of Geology.
Lamarck publishes his hypothesis of evolution.
Hutton proposes his theory of gradualism.
Linnaeus (classification)
Cuvier (fossils, extinction)Malthus (population limits)
Lamarck (species can change)
Hutton (gradual geologic change)
Lyell (modern geology)
Darwin (evolution, natural selection)
Wallace (evolution, natural selection)
Fig. 22-3
Younger stratumwith more recentfossils
Layers of depositedsediment
Older stratumwith older fossils
Fig. 22-5
NORTHAMERICA
EUROPE
AFRICA
AUSTRALIA
GREATBRITAIN
SOUTHAMERICA
ATLANTICOCEAN
PACIFICOCEAN Cape of
Good Hope
Tierra del Fuego
Cape HornTasmania
NewZealand
An
des
Equator
TheGalápagosIslands
Pinta
MarchenaGenovesa
SantiagoDaphneIslands
PinzónFernandina
IsabelaSan
Cristobal
SantaFe
SantaCruz
Florenza Española
Fig. 22-5b
TheGalápagosIslands
Pinta
MarchenaGenovesa
SantiagoDaphneIslands
PinzónFernandina
IsabelaSan
Cristobal
SantaFe
SantaCruz
Florenza Española
Fig. 22-6
(a) Cactus-eater (c) Seed-eater
(b) Insect-eater
Fig. 22-11
Sporecloud
Fig. 22-10
Cepaea nemoralis
Fig. 22-UN1
Observations
Over time, favorable traitsaccumulate in the population.
Inferences
and
Individuals in a populationvary in their heritable
characteristics.
Organisms produce moreoffspring than the
environment can support.
Individuals that are well suitedto their environment tend to leave
more offspring than other individuals
Fig. 22-9
Kale
Kohlrabi
Brussels sprouts
Leaves
Stem
Wild mustard
Flowersand stems
Broccoli
Cauliflower
Flowerclusters
Cabbage
Terminalbud
Lateralbuds
Fig. 22-14
Weeks
Patient No. 3
Patient No. 2
PatientNo. 1
Per
cen
t o
f H
IV r
esis
tan
t to
3T
C
00
25
50
75
100
2 4 6 8 10 12
Fig. 22-17
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Human WhaleCat Bat
Fig. 22-16
(a) Pakicetus (terrestrial)
(b) Rhodocetus (predominantly aquatic)
(c) Dorudon (fully aquatic)
Pelvis andhind limb
Pelvis andhind limb
(d) Balaena (recent whale ancestor)
Fig. 22-18
Human embryoChick embryo (LM)
Pharyngealpouches
Post-analtail
Fig. 22-19
Hawks andother birds
Ostriches
Crocodiles
Lizardsand snakes
Amphibians
Mammals
Lungfishes
Tetrapod limbs
Amnion
Feathers
Homologouscharacteristic
Branch point(common ancestor)
Te
trapo
ds
Am
nio
tes
Bird
s
6
5
4
3
2
1
Fig. 22-20
Sugarglider
Flyingsquirrel
AUSTRALIA
NORTHAMERICA
Fig. 22-15
Bristolia insolens
Bristolia bristolensis
Bristolia harringtoni
Bristolia mohavensis
Latham Shale dig site, SanBernardino County, California
Dep
th (
met
ers
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1
2
3
3
3
1
2
44