fig. 16-co, p. 446. study guide chapter 16 1. explain how the groundwater system operates....
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![Page 1: Fig. 16-CO, p. 446. Study Guide Chapter 16 1. Explain how the groundwater system operates. 2.Describe the zones of aeration and saturation. 3.Locate the](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697bfad1a28abf838c9bd35/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fig. 16-CO, p. 446
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Study Guide Chapter 16
1. Explain how the groundwater system operates.2. Describe the zones of aeration and saturation.3. Locate the water table on a diagram.4. Is the water table higher or lower in a humid
climate? Why?5. What is porosity?6. Distinguish between an aquifer and aquiclude.7. What is an artesian well?8. What climate and rocks form karst landforms.9. What are stalactites and stalagmites.
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Underground Water and Karst Formations
• Aquifer- A rock formation that stores and transmits water.
• Aquiclude- A rock formation that restricts passage of water and limited storage capacity.
• The ability to store water depends on porosity and permeability.
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Porosity and Permeability
• Porosity-Proportion of space between the particles that make up the soil or rock. Affects storage of water.
• Permeability-Ability to allow passage of water through the soil.
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Fig. 16-4, p. 450
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Soil Types and Aquifer Ability
• AquicludesClay or GraniteRestricts passage of
water
• Good AquifersSand, sandstone,
limestonePorous and Permeable
•Poor Aquifer AbilitySlate, ShaleImpermeable and nonporous
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Infiltration
Infiltration
Unconfined aquifer
Confined aquifer
LakeWell requiring a pumpFlowing
artesian well
Runoff
Precipitation
ConfinedRecharge Area
Less permeable materialsuch as clay
Confining permeable rock layer
Unconfined Aquifer Recharge Area
stream
Similar to Fig. 16.5
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Fig. 16-7, p. 453
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Karst Formations
• Results from chemical action between limestone and water.
• A famous example of a karst formation is Carlsbad Caverns.
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stalagmites
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stalactites Hold tight from the ceiling