Fig. 12-1: Network

topologies

Fig. 12-2: Bus-coupler losses

Fig. 12-3: Linear bus topology

Fig. 12-4: Liner bus versus star coupler

Fig. 12-5: Basic STS-1 SONET frame

Fig. 12-6: Basic STS-N SONET frame

Fig. 12-7a: 2-fiber UPSR

Fig. 12-7b: 2-fiber UPSR

Fig. 12-8(varied): BLSR architecture

Fig. 12-9: BLSR reconfiguration

Fig. 12-10: Four-fiber BLSR Reconfiguration

Fig. 12-11: Generic SONET network

Fig. 12-12: SONET ADM

Fig. 12-13: Dense WDM deployment

Fig. 12-14: Two types of WDM LANs

Fig. 12-15: Single-hop network

Fig. 12-16: Multihop architecture

Fig. 12-17: Data packet

Fig. 12-18: ShuffleNet

Fig. 12-19: Wavelength reuse

Fig. 12-20: Optical cross-connect architecture

Fig. 12-21: Optical cross-connect

Fig. 12-22: Wavelength utilization

Fig. 12-23: Wavelength utilization

Fig. 12-24: Increase in utilization

Fig. 12-25: Effective length

Fig. 12-26: SRS effects

Fig. 12-27: Raman gain effects

Fig. 12-28: Allowed power per wavelength

Fig. 12-29: SBS effects

Fig. 12-30: SBS effect on CNR

Fig. 12-31: Spectral broadening due to SPM

Fig. 12-32: 3rd-order sidebands

Fig. 12-33: FWM efficiency

Fig. 12-34: Dispersion & power maps

Fig. 12-35: SNR degradation

Fig. 12-36: Interchannel crosstalk

Fig. 12-37: Intrachannel crosstalk

Fig. 12-38: Crosstalk penalties

Fig. 12-39: Kerr effect

Fig. 12-40: First-order soliton

Fig. 12-41: Hyperbolic secant

Fig. 12-42: Dispersion & nonlinear phase shifts

Fig. 12-43: Soliton pulse width