field(i) outline of japanese school system (slides)
TRANSCRIPT
Tsutomu HORIUCHITsutomu HORIUCHITsutomu HORIUCHI
(((JAPANESE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM & PRACTICEJAPANESE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM & PRACTICEJAPANESE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM & PRACTICE PART 1PART 1PART 1)))
1 The School System in Japan2 Pre-School Education3 Elementary Schools4 Lower Secondary Schools5 Six-year secondary Schools6 Upper Secondary Schools7 Colleges of Technology8 University System (Colleges, Graduate Schools)9 Schools for the Handicapped
10 Specialized Training Colleges and Miscellaneous Schools
11 Modernization of Japan and the Public Education System
FieldFieldFieldⅠⅠⅠ Outline of Japanese School SystemOutline of Japanese School SystemOutline of Japanese School System
Center for Research on International Cooperation in Educational Center for Research on International Cooperation in Educational Center for Research on International Cooperation in Educational Development (CRICED)Development (CRICED)Development (CRICED)University of Tsukuba, JAPANUniversity of Tsukuba, JAPANUniversity of Tsukuba, JAPAN
URL. http://URL. http://URL. http://www.criced.tsukuba.ac.jp/keieiwww.criced.tsukuba.ac.jp/keieiwww.criced.tsukuba.ac.jp/keiei///
1
■Change from a dual system to a single-track school system●Change from dual system before World War Ⅱ to single-track school system after that;●6-3 school system
■Change from single-track school system to dual system●The system of colleges of technology (the levels of upper secondary education + lower higher education)●Secondary school system (the levels of lower secondary education as compulsory education + upper
secondary education as non-compulsory education)
■Primary and collateral education●Schools defined in Article 1 of the School Education Law as primary schools
(ten school types are provided by Article 1 of the School Education Law: elementary schools, lower secondary schools,
upper secondary schools, six-year secondary schools, universities, colleges of technology, schools for the blind, schools for the deaf, schools for the mentally or physically handicapped, and kindergartens)
●Specialized training colleges and miscellaneous schools as “collateral” education
■Increasing elasticity and flexibility of education in a life-long learning society●Cooperation and interaction between school and out-of-school education●Dissolution of uniformity and closeness in school systems
(Ⅰ-1 )
The school system in Japan
2(Ⅰ-2 )
The school system in Japan
Higher Education
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Advanced Doctorate CourseUniversities
5-year Doctoral Program
Preparatory Doctorate Course
Junior Colleges
Master’s Program
Pre-school Education Elementary Education Secondary Education
1
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Compulsory Education
Elementary DepartmentLower
Secondary Department
Upper Secondary Department
Kindergarten Department
( E d u c a t i o n f o r H a n d i c a p p e d C h i l d r e n )En
tranc
e Ex
amin
atio
nQ
ualif
ying
Cer
tific
ate
Exa
min
atio
n
Elementary SchoolsLower
Secondary Schools
Upper Secondary
Schools
Kindergartens
Part-time
Correspondence
Colleges of Techno
Special Training
Miscellaneous
Technology
Colleges
Schools
Six-year Secondary Schools
3(Ⅰ-3 )
University
grammar schools
・・・・・
System “from top to bottom.”
・・・・・Basic EducationSchool
・・Vocational School
・・・・・
Bottom to top school systems
The school system in Japan
4
Elementary school
Kindergarten Lower secondary school Higher secondary school
(Ⅰ-4 )
Elementary schoolElementary school
The school system in Japan
5
■Kindergartens●Educational facilities that are superintended by MEXT
●They target children from 3 to 5 years old
●Established by the state, autonomous regional entities and scholastic corporations
■Integration of two tier systems of pre-school education
●The dualism of day care centers and kindergartens
●The demand for unification due to declining birth rates, changes in work situations, administrative and financial efficiency, etc.
(Ⅰ-5 )
Pre-school Education
6Kindergartens and Nursery schools
年齢(歳) 0 1 2 3 4 5
幼稚園 →小学校
保育所 →小学校
Age
Kindergarten
Nursery school
Elementary school
Elementary school
(Ⅰ-6 )
Pre-school Education
7
14,061 49 5,649 8,363
Total 1,753,393 6,626 356,770 1,389,997
3 years old 410,228 1,210 41,311 367,707
4 years old 642,804 2,731 135,415 504,658
5 years old 700,361 2,685 180,044 517,632
109,806 329 25,704 83,773
Number of Kindergartens
Num
ber o
f Kin
derg
arte
ners
Number of Full-timeTeachers
Classifications Total National Public Private
Statistics data about Kindergartens
As of May 1st, 2004
(Ⅰ-7 )
Pre-school Education
8July, 2004(Ⅰ-8 )
Pre-school Education
9(Ⅰ-9 )
Elementary Schools■Establishment●Establishment by the State, local governments, and incorporated
educational institutions●Compulsory school establishment (municipalities) and compulsory
school enrollment (person who has parental authority)
■Management●Management and expense burdens by founders
Principle of management of founder, expense-burden - Article 5, the School Education Law
●System of the National Treasury’s Share of Compulsory Education Expenditure●System of teaching staff supported by prefectural funds●Administration by municipal board of education
10Management Structure of Public Compulsory Education School(Ⅰ-10 )
Elementary Schools
Prefecture(Board of education)
Compulsory Education School (Elementary school)
Municipalty(Board of education)
Guidance, advice, assistance
Appointment and dismissal / share of
allowance of teaching staff supporting by prefectural fund
Supervision of teaching staff supporting by prefectural fund
The Course of Study Textbook authorizationShare of Compulsory
Education Expenditure
Guidance, advice, assistance
State(MEXT)
(MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology)
11Statistical data about elementary school
As of May 1, 2004
Number of Schools 23,420 73 23,160 187
Number of Classes 274,062 1,279 270,715 2,068
Number ofStudents
7,200,933 46,958 7,084,675 69,300
Number of Full-time Teachers
414,908 1,763 409,665 3,480
Category Total National Public Private
(Ⅰ-11 )
Elementary Schools
12Elementary School (The Period of Integrated Study)June, 2004
(Ⅰ-12 )
Elementary Schools
13
■Objectives●Individual lower secondary educational institutions in a single-track 6-3-3-4
school system●A guarantee of the secondary education as compulsory educational institutions
■Establishment●Establishment by the state, regional bodies or educational corporations●Municipalities’ obligation to establish compulsory school and obligation of
a person who has parental authority to enroll children for compulsory school ●Dualization of compulsory secondary education by putting lower secondary
schools under the authority of prefectures
■Administration●Administration and expense-burden by the founder (Principle of management
of founder, expense-burden : §5 the School Education Law )●System of the National Treasury's Share of Compulsory Education Expenditures●The system of teaching staff supported by prefectural funds●Administration of the municipal board of education
(Ⅰ-13 )
Lower Secondary Schools
14Management Structure of Public Compulsory Education School(Ⅰ-14 )
Lower Secondary Schools
Compulsory Education School (lower secondary school)
Prefecture(Board of education)
Municipalty(Board of education)
Guidance, advice, assistance
Appointment and dismissal / share of
allowance of teaching staff supporting by prefectural fund
Supervision of teaching staff supporting by prefectural fund
The Course of Study Textbook authorizationShare of Compulsory
Education Expenditure
Guidance, advice, assistance
State(MEXT)
(MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology)
15As of May 1, 2004
(Ⅰ-15 )
Lower Secondary Schools
Number of Schools 11,102 76 10,317 709
Number of Classes 118,275 864 110,798 6,613
Number of Students 3,663,513 33,453 3,394,055 236,005
Number of Full-time teachers
249,794 1,640 235,317 12,837
Category Total National Public Private
Statistical data about lower secondary school
16November 2004(Ⅰ-16 )
Lower Secondary Schools
17
■Aim:●to eliminate the discontinuity of secondary education caused by different philosophies
between lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools; ●to provide lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools with consistency
■Formation or establishment:●“secondary schools” are established as individual schools;●public secondary schools are established by prefectures and municipalities;●kinds of secondary education
- secondary school- lower and upper secondary school in annex-type- lower and upper secondary school in tie-up-type
■System●term: six years (lower division: three years; upper division: three years)● public school: school fees are not collected in lower division ●public school: entrance selection is not based on achievement test ●it is possible to transfer to lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools on the
way.
(Ⅰ-17 )
Six-year Secondary Schools
18(Ⅰ-18 )
Six-year Secondary Schools
a. 6-year Secondary schools Lower division (3 years) Upper division (3 years)
1 2 5 6
b. Annex-type Lower secondary school (3 years) Upper secondary school (3 years)
1 2 3 4 5 6
c. Tie-up-type Lower secondary school (3 years)
1 2 3 Upper secondary school (3 years)
4 5 6
+
+
3 4
Types of 6-year secondary school education
19Statistical data on six-year secondary schools
18 2 7 9
Number of LowerDivisions 6,051 1,419 1,277 3,355
Number of UpperDivisions 2,136 696 230 1,210
470 87 136 247
Numb
er of
Stud
ents
Number of Schools
Number of Full-timeTeachers
Classification Total National Public Private
May 1, 2004
(Ⅰ-19 )
Six-year Secondary Schools
20October 2004(Ⅰ-20 )
Six-year Secondary Schools
21(Ⅰ-21 )
Upper Secondary Schools
■ Types of upper secondary school systems:●Full-time school - part-time course - correspondence course●Grade system – credit system●Ordinary education department - Specialized education department
- Comprehensive department●General education course - Advanced course - Specialized course
■Educational Curriculum of upper secondary school: ●Subjects, Special Activities and Integrated Study ●Ordinary subjects and subjects for specialized education ●Requirements for graduation: more than 74 credits
22Diversification of school education after compulsory education
中学校
Upper secondary school
専修学校(高等課程-高等専修学校)
各種学校
Lower secondary school
Full-time course – Part-time course – Correspondence course
The preceding course of college of technology
The last term of six-year secondary school
Specialized training college (upper course – upper specialized training college)
Miscellaneous school
Grade course – credit course
Ordinary education course – Specialized education course – Comprehensive course
General course – Advanced course
(Ⅰ-22 )
Upper Secondary Schools
23Statistics on higher secondary education
Number ofSchools 5,429 15 4,093 1,321
Number ofSubjects 8,242
Number ofStudents 3,719,048 8,853 2,612,679 1,097,516
Number of Full-time Teachers 255,605 594 194,925 60,086
General Courses:4,990/Vocational EducationCourses:2,998/Comprehensive Courses:189
Classification Total National Public Peivate
May 1, 2004
(Ⅰ-23 )
Upper Secondary Schools
(Number of subjects: 2002)
24(Ⅰ-24 )
①
②
May 2005
Upper Secondary Schools
25(Ⅰ-25 )
Colleges of Technology
■Characteristics● Set up in 1967 by requests from business circles● 5-year technical educational institution after compulsory education● Industrial course and mercantile course as special fields
(Departments include also Information and Management)●Have both characteristics of the upper course of secondary
education (upper secondary school) and the lower course of higher education (junior college)
●Modification of single track school system – systematic end-up and transfer to universities
■Organization●Departments as educational organizations●Grade / Class system – 40 students per class● Teachers’ organization based on university and management
organization based on non-university
26Institutional Position of College of Technology(Ⅰ-26 )
Colleges of Technology
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Primary SchoolLowerSecondarySchool
UpperSecondarySchool
College of Technology
University・JuniorCollege
27Statistical data about college of technology
As of May 1, 2004 (Type of college of technology: 2002)
(Ⅰ-27 )
Colleges of Technology
Number of Schools 63 55 5 3
College of Technology:57 49 5 3
Maritime Technologyetc:5 5 0 0
Number of Students 56,076 49,272 4,532 2,272
Advance Rate toUniversities or Upper
Schools3,929 (39.2) 3,557
(40.7)242
(29.8)130
(28.0)
Number of Full-timeTeachers 4,473 3,936 379 158
Type of College ofTechnology
Category Total National Public Private
28①
② ③ ④
(Ⅰ-28 )
Colleges of Technology
June 2005
29(Ⅰ-29 )
Universities (Colleges, Graduate schools)■Ideas and Types of University Institutions●Higher educational institutions – Post-secondary educational institutions
– Tertiary educational institutions●Colleges – universities – graduate schools●The 2-year basis – the 3-year basis – the 4-year basis – (the 5-year basis)
– the 6-year basis■Particularities of Universities in Japan●Quantitative expansion – mass education●Examination competition and university stratification●Respect for research functions and disrespect for educational functions■Current Reforms of University Education●The decline in birth rates, reorganization and integration of universities●The conversion of colleges into 4-year universities●Turning national universities into newly independent administrative
institutions●professional graduate schools
30Management System of National University Corporations
President
Director
Committee on nomination of
president of school
PresidentExecutives / Staffs
Members outside school(more than 2/1)
PresidentExecutives
Heads of DepartmentsOthers
Administrative conference Board of directors
Educational Research Assembly
Manager
(Ⅰ-30 )
Universities (Colleges, Graduate schools)
31Statistical data on junior colleges and graduate schools
〈University〉
〈Junior College〉
May 1, 2004
May 1, 2002
Number of Schools 709 87 80 542
Number of Students 2,809,295 624,389 122,864 2,062,042
Number of Full-timeTeachers
158,770 60,897 11,188 86,685
Classification Total National Public Private
Number of Schools 508 12 45 451
Number of Students 233,754 2,975 16,510 214,269
Number of Full-timeTeachers
12,740 240 1,418 11,082
Classification Total National Public Private
(Ⅰ-31 )
Universities (Colleges, Graduate schools)
32Examination by the national center for university entrance examination(Ⅰ-32 )
Universities (Colleges, Graduate schools)
January 2005
33
■Establishment:●Prefectural government
■Class:●Special class - eight students●Special schools for the disabled:elementary and lower
secondary department - six students, upper secondary department – eight students, class for multiple-handicapped – three students
●Fixing flexible criteria by each prefectural government
■System of school for the handicapped with elasticity and flexibility:●Multiple and severe handicaps and diverse
disabilities●Specially supported education
(Ⅰ-33 )
Schools for the Handicapped
34The Classification of Schools and Classes for the Handicapped
■Schools for the handicappedSchools for the blind, schools for the deaf, schools for the
handicapped other than the blind and deaf-mentally retarded, physically disabled and the health impaired
■Classes for the handicappedMentally retarded, physically disabled, the health impaired, partially sighted,hard of hearing and others
■Resource classroom system
■Visiting education
(Ⅰ-34 )
Schools for the Handicapped
35Statistical data on schools for the disabled
Schools for the Blind 71 1 68 2
Schools for the Deaf 106 1 104 1Schools for the Handicapped otherthan the blind and the deaf 822 43 767 12
Schools for the Blind 3,870 182 3,597 91
Schools for the Deaf 6,573 273 6,235 65Schools for the Handicapped otherthan the blind and the deaf 88,353 2,597 85,097 659
Schools for the Blind 3,409 83 3,288 38
Schools for the Deaf 4,935 88 4,816 31Schools for the Handicapped otherthan the blind and the deaf 53,912 1,279 52,443 190
Number of
Schools
Number of
Students
Number of Full-
time Teachers
Classification Total National Public Private
May 1, 2004
(Ⅰ-35 )
Schools for the Handicapped
36①②
(Ⅰ-36 )
Schools for the Handicapped
March 2005
37
■Characteristics●“non-regular” institutions of education (schools not defined in the Article 1
of the School Education Law)●Specialized training college as institutionalization of miscellaneous schools●Life-long learning society and diversification of educational opportunities■Institutional Position●Specialized training college – equal to upper secondary education or higher education●Miscellaneous school – school that does not come under any article of any law,
modeled after specialized training college, private school for preparing students for entry into a university, schools for foreigners
■Establishment●State●Local governments●Others – not necessarily to be a corporation
Miscellaneous school – have necessary economic base, knowledge / experience, social confidence
■Sphere of Education●industry, agriculture, medical care, hygiene, education / social welfare, commerce,
dressing / domestic science, liberal arts (Ⅰ-37 )
Specialized Training Colleges and Miscellaneous Schools
38(Ⅰ-38 )
Specialized Training Colleges and Miscellaneous Schools
■Curriculum ●Higher course: Graduation from lower secondary school is required.●Advanced course:
Graduation from upper secondary school is required.●General course: Not required
■Criteria●Term: more than one year●Period: more than 800 periods per year
(more than 450 periods in case of evening course)●The number of students: more than 40●The number of teachers and the area of school buildings:
minimum based on course, department and the number of students
39
Statistics on Specialized Training Colleges
Number of Schools 3,444 15 201 3,228
Number of Students 792,054 1,124 28,944 761,986
Number of Full-timeTeachers 40,663 164 2,634 37,865
Classification Total National Public Private
Statistics on Miscellaneous Schools
As of May 1, 2004
(Ⅰ-39 )
Specialized Training Colleges and Miscellaneous Schools
Number of Schools 1,878 20 1,858
Number of Students 178,117 - 1,344 176,773
Number of Full-timeTeachers 11,267
-82 11,185
Classification Total National Public Private
Statistical data about Specialized Training Colleges and Miscellaneous Schools
40
①
⑤④③②
(Ⅰ-40 )
Specialized Training Colleges and Miscellaneous Schools
(July 2005)
41
Background and requirement
●Maturity of late Edo periodEconomy-’Economy of selling rice’
Development of commercial capital, establishment of exchange trust economy, maintenance of distribution and transportation Single commodity (United States) same price一
Religion and Culture – ‘Laicized medieval times’Primacy of political power over religious power
Coexistence of Buddhism, Shinto, Confucianism Education – ‘world’s best literacy rate’
Political no-control on educationFor a period of time, there were about 20000 ‘Terakoya’ which was an educational institutions of the people
●Opening up the country – modernization and balance of power – intra-temporal involvement of great powers●No corruption of political power - Confucianism as ethos
The modern school system and western model●Educational System (1872) –system: France, philosophy: England, educational method: the United States of America● 「Education Ordinance」(1879) –American liberalism and noncompulsory school attendance● 「Amended Education Ordinance」(1880)- German style state control-oriented education
Arinori Mori and Japanese style public education●Understanding public education – ‘Nourishment of national spirit’( formation of the nation by the state) ● Four School Ordinance (Primary School Ordinance, Lower Secondary School Ordinance、University Ordinance、Normal School Ordinance and clarification
of the objective●‘Late capitalist state’ and promotion of efficiency of government initiated public education management●‘Imperial Rescript on Education’(1890) and promotion of vocational education
Establishment of Emperor-ruled nation and establishment of compulsory education system●No tuition fee charged for compulsory education (1900)and increase of school enrollment●Extension of compulsory education to 6 years (1907)
Establishment of public education system in the Meiji period and the development within the framework●Improvement of higher education and expansion of education opportunity● 「Taisho Liberal Education」and new education movement●World War Ⅱ and trend toward militarism in education
Post war education reform and democratization of education
(Ⅰ-41 )
Modernization of Japan & the Public Education System
42
Composition(1)Part 1Ⅰ Outline of Japanese
School System41 slides
1 The School system in Japan2 Pre-school Educational
Institution System3 Elementary Schools System4 Lower Secondary Schools
System5 Six-year secondary schools
System6 Upper secondary schools
System7 Colleges of Technology System8 System of University (Colleges,
Graduate schools)9 System of Schools for the
Handicapped10 System of Specialized Training
Colleges and Miscellaneous Schools
11 Modernization of Japan & Public Education System
Ⅱ Japanese Educational Administration & Finance
87 slides
1 System of Law2 Fundamental Law of Education3 Movement of the Reforms of Education
Administration (1) 4 Movement of the Reforms of Education
Administration (2)5 The Board of Education6 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology (MEXT)7 Guidance Administration by MEXT8 Educational Finance and the Burden
Structure9 Schools Provided by the School Education
Law10 Establishment and Management of School11 Criteria of School Facilities and Criteria of
Class Size12 Enrollment and No-Attendance13 Self-Evaluation / Third Party Evaluation of
School14 Disclosure of Educational Information15 School Councilor System16 Textbooks and Supplementary Materials 17 Disciplinary action against children and
students18 Specially Supported Education System19 Student of Permitted Enrollment System20 Education of Children in Isolated Areas21 Evening Lower Secnondary School22 Lower Secondary Equibalency Examination
Ⅲ Japanese Social Education43 slides
1 Social Education Facilities 1 (Citizen’s Public Hall )
2 Social Education Facilities 2 (Library)
3 Social Education Facilities 3 (Museum)
4 Supervisor for Social Education5 House for Youth & Children’s
Natural House6 Social Educational Organization7 Social Correspondence Education8 Social Physical Education & Life-
long Sport9 Cultural Center (Private Profit
Social Education Business)
Composition(1)
43
Composition(2)Part 2
Ⅳ Organization & Implementation of Curriculum74 slides
(1) Outline1 Total Structure of Curriculum2 Process of Curriculum Development
(2) Organaization of Curriculum3 Educational Objectives & Curriculum4 Curriculum & Course of Study
(3) Implementation of Curriculum5 Organization of Units & Material Study6 Lesson Plan7 Evaluation of Study8 Evaluation of Class, Evaluation of
Curriculum 9 Formation of Guidance
(4) Examples of Curriculum Activities10 Subjects in Elementary School11 Moral Education12 Special Activities 1 (Class Activities)13 Special Activities 2 (Students Council)14 Special Activities 3 (Club Activities)15 The Period of Integrated Study16 Club Activities
Ⅴ Classroom Management43 slides
1 Classroom Management Plan2 Class Objectives3 Class Activities, Group Activities, Day
Duty4 Class Newsletters5 Group Activities of the Various Aged6 Non-attendance at school7 Measures of non-attendance at
school8 Visits to Children’s Homes9 School counselor
10 Guidance Meeting11 Class fee
Ⅵ School Management34 slides
1 School Management2 School Management
Plan3 Educational Goals of
School4 Curriculum Management5 Teachers’ Meeting6 Principal’s Duty &
Competence7 Principal8 School Management
Duties9 Head-teacher System
10 School Assessment11 Evaluation of Teachers12 Risk Management of
School13 System of School
Choice
Composition(2)
44
Composition(3)
Ⅷ Teacher’s Qualifications・Training
40 slides
1 Teacher’s Qualifications2 Pre-service Training of Teachers 3 Equivalency Examination of Teacher's
Qualification4 Appointment of Teacher5 In-service Training6 In-service training within own school 7 School-leader’s Training8 Teachers’ Salaries9 Punishment for Teachers
Part 2
Ⅶ Cooperation between School and Local Community
75 slides
1 PTA: Parents-Teacher Association 2 Visits to children’s homes3 Visit on class 4 Parents and Teacher Meeting5 The Report Card6 Note for Communication Between
Teachers and Guardians7 School newsletter, Grade newsletter,
Class newsletter8 The School’s Home Page9 Utilizing Human Resources of
Community10 The Working Experience11 Community learning12 School Councilor13 The Opening Schools for the Public14 Complex Facilities15 Kodomo-kai (Children's Gathering)16 Local education liaison council17 110 Home for Children18 Education Costs Paid by Guardians
Composition(3)
45
Composition(4)Part 3
Ⅸ Japanese School life & Culture
・ School Events15 slides
1 (Items List)2 Entrance Ceremony3 Opening Ceremony4 Morning Assembly5 School Excursion6 Sports Day 17 Sports Day 28 Marathon Race9 Overnight Trip with
Outdoor Study10 School Trip 11 Medical Check-up12 Disaster Drill13 Music Festival14 Closing Ceremony 15 Graduation Ceremony
・ The Typical Day of a Teacher
13 slides
16 (Items list)17 Morning meeting18 Preparation for Class19 Teaching Classes20 Skills to Teach21 Recesses22 School Lunch 123 School Lunch 224 Cleaning Time25 Meeting before going
back home26 Teachers’ Room27 Teacher’s Desk in
Class28 Instructions to
Students
・ The Typical Day of a Student
15 slides
29 (Items List)30 Going to School in a
group31 Morning Meeting32 Class-based activities33 Before Class34 Class Hour35 Recesses 136 Recesses 237 Recesses 338 Playing39 Before & After Lunch40 Teachers’ Room41 Meeting before going
home42 Getting out of School43 After School
・ Japanese School Life29 slides
44 (Items List)45 Greeting46 Collective Discipline47 Name, Name Card48 Preparing & Clearing
up49 School Lunch Bag50 Recording51 Indoor Shoes52 Lunch Time 53 Cooperative Work
for School Lunch54 School Lunch Menu55 Cooperative Work
for Cleaning56 Places for Cleaning 57 Keeping Animals,
Growing Plants
58 Notice 159 Notice 260 Notice 361 Nurse’s Office62 Co-education63 Health Education64 Students’
Preferences65 Uniform66 School Emblem,
School Song67 Testimonial68 National Flag, Clock69 Memorial for
Graduation70 Assistant English
Teacher71 Notice 472 Teachers’ Study
Composition(4)
46
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48
Members of the editorial board(Members of the editorial board)
Supervisor:Mariko Sato
-Textbook-
EditorRyoichi Kamada &
Nobuhiko YanagibayashiPage layout
Yukiko Yamao
-Slides-
EditorRyoichi Kamada &
Nobuhiko Yanagibayashi
Slide layout: Ryoichi KamadaChart design: Nobuhiko Yanagibayashi
Documents research : Nobuhiko YanagibayashiPhotographs & Interview : Ryoichi Kamada / Atsuyoshi Hirata
Japanese Educational system and Practice
(A Core Center of the Cooperation Bases System Building Project for
International Cooperation in Educational Development Promoted by MEXT)
「Project to Organize Information on Educational Experiences from Japan
- Focusing on Educational Management and Teachers’ Training -」
February 2006
Center for Research on International Cooperationin Educational Development
(CRICED)University of Tsukuba, JAPAN
〒305-8572 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-kenTel: 029-853-7287 Fax: 029-853-7288
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Japanese Educational system and Practice