field trip to maycomb supplemental notes. 13 th amendment passed in 1865 outlawed slavery and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Field Trip to Maycomb
Supplemental Notes
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13th Amendment
• Passed in 1865• Outlawed slavery and involuntary
servitude (except as punishment for a convicted crime)
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14th Amendment
• Passed in 1868• “all persons born or naturalized in the
United States are citizens of the United States”
• States cannot deny citizenship, equal protection or life, liberty or property to anyone (without the due process of law)
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Plessy v. Ferguson
• Supreme Court ruling decided in 1896• Began in Louisiana in 1892 when Homer Plessy,
a biracial man (1/8 African American), refused to leave a “whites only” train car
• Court ruled in favor of segregation, saying that it was constitutional for states to make laws based on prejudice
• “God almighty drew the color line and it cannot be obliterated”
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Jim Crow Laws
• Laws passed in southern states beginning in 1877 through the 1960s
• Laws that legalized segregation and failed to protect the civil rights of African Americans
• Justified by the “separate but equal” doctrine, but ultimately ruled unconstitutional
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Separate, but equal?
• JimCrowSegregated.jpg
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Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
• Supreme Court ruling decided in 1954• Linda Brown denied access to a school
closer to her home because of her race• Racial segregation in public schools
deemed UNCONSTITUTIONAL because segregation violates the 14th Amendment
• “Doll Tests” used as evidence (African-American children attending segregated schools had negative self-perception)
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LynchingWHAT IS IT?
• A form of mob violence • Murder by hanging, shooting, and/or
extreme torture: burning at the stake, mutilation, dismemberment, castration
• A means of social control through fear
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LynchingWHO WERE THE VICTIMS?
• People accused of—but not necessarily guilty of—crimes or “insults”
• Murdered and tortured without having been convicted, without due process under the law
• Mostly African-American men (though women and whites were also victims)
• On the average, a black man, woman or child was murdered once a week, every week, between 1882 and 1930 by a hate-driven white mob
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LynchingWHO WERE THE PERPETRATORS?
• The only states where lynching has NOT occurred: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Vermont
• Most prevalent in: Mississippi, Georgia, Texas, Louisiana, Alabama
• Considered a form of amusement • Committed mostly in smaller towns and rural
communities by people who were undereducated and economically disadvantaged
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Have you ever …
• Acted suspiciously?• Argued with a white man?• Frightened a white woman?• Demanded respect?• Been seen as unpopular?• Tried to vote?• Used obscene language?• Spread disease?• Been obnoxious?• Peeped in a window?
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What do all the behaviors on the previous slide have in common?
• They were all reasons given for lynching a person
• Without Sanctuary
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Poverty Rates, 2008-2009
White Black Hispanic Other0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Alabama
Alabama
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Poverty Rates, 2008-2009
White Black Hispanic Other0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Washington
Washington
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Incarceration RatesRate per 100,000 (2005)
White Black Hispanic0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
ALWAU.S.
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Youth Dropout Rates, 2005
• In 2005, Hispanics accounted for 41% of all current high school dropouts, but only made up 17% of the total youth population
Youth Dropout Rates
WhiteBlackHispanicAll Races